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• Article: “Radioactive Decontamination of Milk,” Poly Men. [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Strontium-90, 1961-1963; Box #7.014, Folder #14.16]
• Document: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom Handbook Changes.  [Filed under AHP materials re: Peace and Women: (Correspondence, Assorted Materials re: Agendas, Assorted Reports re: International Executive Committee, Women’s International League fro Peace and Freedom, 1961-1964), Box#4.002, Folder#2.3]
• Flyer: “Cast Your Vote for Sanity and Peace” [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.353]
• Journal Article: “Radiation in Your Foods,” by Virginia Vetrano, Dr. Shelton’s Hygienic Review, Vol. XXIV, No. 3, November 1962. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.37]
• Letter from Canon L. John Collins to LP, RE: Collins is asking for donations to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.  Collins believes that with recent developments in the arms race it is exceedingly important that action be taken. [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am-Co), Box #4.010, Folder #10.7]
• Letter from Danny Baker to LP RE: [no date, but received Nov. 12] Tells LP about an article he read that quoted statements made by LP about President Kennedy’s actions in the Cuban situation. Describes his position, and asks for a more detailed reason for LP’s negative feelings toward Kennedy in relation to this matter. [Letter from LP to Baker December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1] 
• Letter from Marc Weissbluth to LP RE: Invites LP to give a lecture about his views regarding the different effects of the nuclear arms race at Stanford at some time during the winter quarter. [Letter from LP to Weissbluth December 5, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1]  
• Letter from Ram Rajan Subramanian to LP RE: Asks LP why the formula of calcium carbide is CaC2 instead of Ca2C. Explains why he thinks it should be the other way. [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1]
• Newsletter, “Bulletin of the World Council of Peace,” World Council of Peace. [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Wo-Yo), Box #4.017, Folder #17.1] 
• Newsletter, “Information of the Czechoslovak Committee of Defenders of Peace.” [Filed under LP Peace: (Issues of International Diplomacy and Human Rights, Cu-Ir), Box #6.014, Folder #14.2]       
• Newsletter: The New Zealand Rationalist. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.354]
• Newspaper clipping: “Correction– Pauling Letter”, Wisconsin State Journal. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newspaper Clippings: Wisconsin State-Journal, 1962: Box # 3.058 Folder #58.7]
• Newspaper clipping: “In the United States: Negotiations, not blockade” Bulletin WPC. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.338]
• Pamphlet: “Theories of Terror,” University Group on Defence Policy. [Filed under LP Peace:  Assorted Non-Pauling Peace Materials:  Articles, Typescripts, Pamphlets, Booklets, Em-Me: Box #8.003, Folder #3.14]
• Publication: “Das Gewissen.” [Filed under LP Peace: Non-Pauling Peace Materials: Publications and Newsletters, Ai-Ne: Box #8.007, Folder #7.5] 
• Publication: “War and the Cities,” Nuclear Information. [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re:  Radiation and Fallout Shelters, and Civil Defense, 1962-1965: Box #7.008, Folder #8.8]
• Reprint: “On Nuclear Testing,” The Minority of One, Vol. 4, No. 11, p. 3. [Filed under LP Publications: (Publications of LP, 1962), Box #1962p, Folder #1962p.17]
• Reprint: “There is No Alternative to Peace,” The New Zealand Rationalist. Vol. 24, No. 3-4, p. 9-10. [Filed under LP Publications: (Publications of LP, 1962), Box #1962p, Folder #1962p.21]
• Statement: “County of Monterey.” Tax information for LP and AHP. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.002, Folder #2.9]
• Statement: “County of Monterey.” Tax information for LP and AHP. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.002, Folder #2.9]
• Typescript: ‘Rationale and Indications for Biological Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders’ by Fritz A. Freyhan, National Institute of Mental Health. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.21] 

• Award: Gandhi Peace Award, Promoting Enduring Peace, Inc., Certificate. Includes correspondence. [Filed under LP Awards & Honors: 1962h.7] 
• Flyer: ‘”World Peace” - A Series of Luncheon Forums.’ [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.19] 
• Flyer: “World Peace” – A Series of Luncheon Forums. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.352] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: luncheon, American Jewish Congress; Gandhi Peace Award, 7 PM; lecture “The Bomb-Test Controversy” [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Judy Newman to LP RE: Explains that she is doing a term paper on LP’s work in biochemistry. Asks LP what he thinks his most important contributions to biochemistry are, which of his most recent works should be looked into, and what is an outstanding book or article about him. Thanks him and wishes him luck in his work for peace. [Letter from LP to Newman November 26, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, N: Correspondence 1957-1964 Box 288, Folder 288.6]  
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Hilah B. Thomas RE: Explains that Dr. Perry forwarded Thomas’ letter to her. Gives Thomas the grant numbers she asked about. [Letter from Perry to Hopkins October 24, 1962] [Letter from Thomas to Perry October 24, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, P: Individual Correspondence (Pais - Perry) Box 304, Folder 304.15]               
• Letter from Louise Andrews to LP, RE: Andrews asks if LP is willing to speak in either October or November of 1963 or in some time between January and April of 1964.  Andrews asks that LP indicate his preference for dates to speak.  [Letter from LP to Andrews November 28, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am), Box #4.009, Folder #9.4]
• Letter from Vally Weigl, New York Medical College, to James P. Warburg. RE: Is shocked by the inappropriate and tactless attacks on LP. Feels that LP deserves a clarification and an apology. [Letter from LP November 20, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20]               
• Manuscript: ‘The Bomb Test Controversy and World Peace’, The Business and Professional Associates of the American Jewish Congress. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.19] 
• Memorandum from Francis Herring to AHP RE: Herring hopes that the Women’s International Liaison Committee for International Cooperation will be an effective instrument for world cooperation.  Would like to make explicit the committee’s goals and limiting conditions while also suggesting a possible structure and a number of preliminary procedures.  Herring goes on to list and explain each aspect of the committee. [Handwritten at top of page: “I’ll write a real letter tomorrow! -F”] [Filed under AHP materials re: Political Issues and Civil Liberties: (AHP: Assorted Political Materials, 1961-1964), Box#5.012, Folder#12.8]
• Newsletter, “SANE World.” [Filed under LP Peace: (Publications by and about SANE, 1960-1964), Box #4.015, Folder #15.8] 
• Newspaper clipping: “New Clue Found In Schizophrenia” [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.345] 
• Note from Maurice Williams to LP RE: Thanks LP for his letter about the Nobel Prize. Says he has been fortunate to work on a substance with such incredible properties. [Filed under LP Correspondence, W: Individual Correspondence (Whitney - Wilkins) Box 435, Folder 435.7] 
• Telegram from John Marica and Jessie Langford to LP. RE: Informs him that they are conducting a write-in campaign submitting LP’s name as Senator from California. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.340] 
• Telegram from Leo Rosten, Look Magazine to LP RE: Asks LP if he would write a brief statement, not over 200 words for Look Magazine’s special feature called “Christmas in Crisis” relaying LP’s special meaning of Christmas with the Cuban Crisis now behind everyone but with tension and anxiety ahead. LP handwritten note: “MU80300 I said yes.” [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1962), Box #1962a3, Folder #1962a3.4]
• Typescript: ‘The Nature of Nuclear Warfare and the Need for Disarmament’ University of California. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20] 

  The Nature of Nuclear War and the Need for Disarmament

  By Linus Pauling

  University of California, Riverside, Gymnasium, 8:15 P.M., Thursday 22 February 1962

  (On 3 January I received an invitation from the Associated Students of UCR to speak on the effect of nuclear explosions upon our society. I answered saying that I might be able to accept. I sent a copy of the letter for the President of Declare, an organization that wished to be cosponsor but had not been allowed by the administration. On 12 February the President of Declare brought the local student paper and Riverside paper to me, containing articles saying that Chancellor Spieth had forbidden the Associated Students to invite me to speak on disarmament, as not in my field of competence. I immediately wrote saying that I would speak on te title given at the top of this page. I also wrote President Clark Kerr, and two days later spoke with his secretary by phone [Gloria Copeland]. On 16 February a telegram and on 17 February a letter was sent me by Fred Hayward, President, Associated Students, UCR, accepting my offer to speak on the above topic. On 22 February,at 9:30 A.M. Miss Copeland telephoned to be sure that everything was all right in Riverside.)

  Ladies and Gentlemen: Ever since the first atomic bombs were exploded, in 1945, I have been greatly concerned about the danger to humanity and civilization of the increasingly great stockpiles of nuclear weapons. During the period of its existence, 1945 to 1951, I was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, of which Professor Einstein was Chairman. I have written a book and many articles about the nature of nuclear was and the need for disarmament. I have lectured on this subject in most of the states of the United States and in many foreign countries.

  On the 10th of December 1954 I had a great experience. I was in Stockholm, and on the afternoon of that day four Nobel Prizes were presented to the recipients. I received one of them -- the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1954. I can remember only one or two personal experiences -- perhaps one -- that I have had that made a greater impression on me than this one, gave me greater happiness. But I do not want to suggest that it is not a really great experience to receive a Nobel Prize, and I recommend it to all of you.

  Then, that evening, there took place the Nobel banquet in the Gold Room of the Stockholm City Hall, followed by a torchlight procession held by the University Students of Sweden in the Blue Room. I had been selected to respond, as spokesman for the Nobel Laureates, to the address given by the leader of the University Students, and I did so, in the following words:

  "Young men and women:

  "On behalf of my colleagues, as well as myself, I thank you for your kind demonstration of friendship and respect.

  "I am reminded of my own students in California. They are much like you -- I have observed that students, young people, are much the same all over the world -- and that scientists are the same. There is a world-wide brotherhood of youth and science.

  "Perhaps, as one of the older generation, I should preach a little sermon to you, but I do not propose to do so. I shall, instead, give you a word of advice about how to behave toward your elders.

  "When an old and distinguished person speaks to you, listen to him carefully and with respect -- but do not believe him. Never trust in anything but your own intellect. Your elder, no matter whether he has gray hair or has lost his hair, no matter whether he is a Nobel Laureate, may be wrong. The world progresses, year by year, century by century, as the members of the younger generation find out what was wrong among the things that their elders said. So you must always be skeptical -- always think for yourself. . . .

  "You will have some great problems to solve -- the greatest of all is the problem of war and peace. I believe that this problem has been solved, by the hydrogen bomb -- that there will never again be a world war -- the knowledge that a world war would mean world-wide destruction, perhaps the end of civilization, will surely now lead to permanent peace. But it is your generation that will have the job of working out the means of preventing disaster, by developing safeguards against paranoiac demagogues who might make nations rabid, you will have this great job to do -- and I am confident that you can do it."

  It is you -- you young people, of the younger generation, students in the University of California at Riverside, who will have this job to do. You cannot rely upon your elders. The world has been changing so rapidly that the people of the older generation have been unable to keep up with it. The politicians and diplomats have found it hard to change from the old ways, from the reliance upon war and the threat of war to settle international disputes, although the leaders of great nations well know that a nuclear war would destroy the world.

  The time has now come for war to be abandoned, for diplomacy to move out of the 19th century into the real world of the 20th century, towards a world governed by justice, by international law, and not by force.

  Over the years I have spoken many times at different campuses of the University of California and the various state colleges, at the invitation of the Associated Students or other student organizations; and I am glad now to have the opportunity of speaking here, at the University of California in Riverside. I hope that every one of you young men and women will be inspired to take part in the fight for sanity and morality, the fight to preserve the human race from destruction in a catastrophic nuclear war, the fight to use the resources of the world and the discoveries of scientists for the benefit of all people, rather than for death, devastation, and the end of civilization.

  It is the policy of the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and all other great nations to abolish war and achieve peace and disarmament.

  Two years ago Prime Minister MacMillan said "Complete and general disarmament must be the avowed goal of all nations."

  On 27 October 1960 our Ambassador James J. Wadsworth told the United Nation that total world disarmament could be achieved within five or six years, with good faith and a real sense of urgency on both sides. He said "We want -- earnestly, deeply, and sincerely -- general and complete disarmament under effective international control. We want to begin progress toward our goal now."

  Premier Khrushchev advocated general and complete disarmament with controls and inspection in four years.

  Last September, 26 September 1961, in his address to the United Nations General Assembly, President Kennedy said: "As we build an international capacity to keep peace, let us join in dismantling the national capacity to wage war . . . "The goal (of disarmament) is no longer a dream. It is a practical matter of life or death. The risks inherent in disarmament pale in comparison to the risks inherent in an unlimited arms race. ". . . It is therefore our intention to challenge the Soviet Union, not to an arms race but to a peace race; to advance together step-by-step, stage-by-stage, until general and complete disarmament has been achieved. "(General and complete disarmament) would assure . . . true inspection . . . would cover delivery systems as well as weapons, their production as well as their testing, their transfer as well as their possession . . . "Our new disarmament program includes . . . "First, signing the test-ban treaty by all nations . . . "Second, stopping production of fissionable materials and preventing their transfer to (other) nations. "Third, prohibiting transfer of control over nuclear weapons to other nations. "Fourth, keeping nuclear weapons from outer space. "Fifth, gradually destroying existing nuclear weapons, and sixth, halting . . . production of nuclear delivery vehicles, and gradually destroying them."

  We may ask why the great nations have determined upon this policy of achieving disarmament.

  The answer is contained in the following statements. On 9 January 1960 President Eisenhower said that even if the United States were to be subjected to a great surprise nuclear attack we could still destroy Russia completely, and one week later, 14 January, Premier Khrushchev said that even if the U.S.S.R. were to be subjected to a great surprise nuclear attack the Soviet Union could still destroy the United States completely.

  Both of these national leaders were telling the truth. If a nuclear war were to break out, the United States would be destroyed and the Soviet Union would be destroyed, most of the nations of Europe would be destroyed, most of the people in these countries would be killed, people throughout the world would be damaged by the worldwide fallout, civilization itself might come to an end.

  It is the recognition of the existence of weapons that, if used, would lead to world destruction that forces the nations of the world to give up the immorality of war and to settle their disputes by recourse to international law, in such a way as to do justice to all of the nations and all of the people of the world.

  I am glad that the development of nuclear weapons has now forced the nations of the world to accept the same principles of morality and justice that are accepted by individual human beings. I am glad that the time has now come when morality and justice will take their proper place of prime importance in the conduct of world affairs.

  Is it justified to conclude that war has become impossible, irrational?

  Could we not eliminate nuclear weapons and fight old fashion wars? The answer is no -- now that the knowledge exists.

  Could we not settle international disputes by fighting limited wars? The answer is no.

  Would the United States and the Soviet Union really be destroyed in a nuclear war?

  A 20-megaton bomb could destroy any city on earth.

  Pugwash estimate of world stockpile, 1960, 60,000 megatons.

  This corresponds to doubling every year. 10¹⁶ is about 60,000.

  In 1961 I estimated 100,000 megatons for U.S. stockpile and 50,000 for U.S.S.R.

  Two thousand SAC bombers at 40 megatons each.

  Deputy Secretary of Defense Gilpatrick stated that the United States has tens of thousands of vehicles to carry nuclear bombs, and more than one bomb per vehicle.

  Dr. W. W. Kellogg and Mr. Charles Shafer, RAND Corporation and Federal Civil Defense Administration, 1957 -- 2500 megatons would kill 86 million of 180 million Americans, injure 26 million.

  1959, Holifield Subcommittee asked for testimony on a 1446 megaton attack. It would kill 46 million, injure 15 million.

  Why this, two years later, rather than a 10,000 megaton attack?

  Dr. Ralph Lapp, 1959 -- American counterattack would be greater than 10,000 megatons.

  1959, Drs. Hugh Everett III and George E. Pugh of Weapon Systems Evaluation Division, Institute for Defense Analysis.

  We may ask, if the leaders of the great nations, the governments of the great nations, have the policy of achieving general and complete disarmament, are we in danger?

  A part of the effort to increase our military activity by the construction of fallout shelters has been made by Professor Willard F. Libby.

  During the month of November hundreds of newspapers in the United States published a series of articles by Professor Libby.

  These articles had the title "You Can Survive Atomic Attack. A Real Shelter is a Real Lifesaver."

  These articles contain many statements that are wrong or seriously misleading.

  For example, the fourth article has the statement, under a photograph of a fallout shelter, "Shelters such as this can increase your chances of survival at least 10,000-fold."

  I wrote to Professor Libby, saying that this statement was not true. I said that the chance of survival of Americans equipped with such shelters could not be greater than unity, and that if his statement were correct, it would mean that the chance of survival without shelters would be less than 0.0001, and I asked "Am I to assume that you think that a nuclear attack on the United States before shelters have been built would leave fewer than 18,000 Americans alive?".

  In his answer to me he said that he intended to give 10,000 as the protection factor, which has been used for evaluating shelters. He meant to write that the radiation dose inside would be 10,000 times smaller than outside the shelter.

  I then wrote to him, saying that, no matter what he meant to say, what he had said was the simple and straightforward statement that the shelter would increase your chances of survival at least 10,000-fold, and that this statement is untrue.

  This letter was written on 28 December, and Professor Libby has not answered it.

• Year-End Report: “Demand Disarmament Day.” [Filed under AHP materials re: Women and Peace: (Correspondence, Assorted Materials re: Conference of Women for International Cooperation Year, Montreal Canada, 1962), Box#4.004, Folder#4.3]  

• Invitation from the Manfred Sakel Foundation to ‘Scientists’. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.342]
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Manfred Sakel banquet, Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York City [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Adam Lohaus to LP RE: Lohaus is enclosing for LP a copy of his booklet “Survival at the Grassroots.”  Lohaus has, at his own expense, distributed 1,100 copies of the booklet. Lohaus asks if LP can help him get the booklet published on a mass basis.   [Letters from Hopkins to Lohaus November 9, 1962, December 12, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Nuclear Fallout; Radiation Hazards, 1962-1963: Box #7.005, Folder #5.14]
• Letter from Ben Winitt, Business and Professional Associates of the American Jewish Congress, to LP. RE: Wishes him well in the struggle for world peace. Thanks him for his stimulating presentation. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.19] 
• Letter from Emile J. Gex, Jr to LP RE: Thanks LP for his letter, and returns it asking LP to sign it. Handwritten note in right margin indicates it was signed and sent back to Gex. [Letter from LP to Gex October 24, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, G: Correspondence, 1962-1965 Box 142 Folder 142.1] 
• Letter from Francis Hoague, to LP. RE: Has sent the demand for a retraction. Has been informed that the retraction will be published in ten days. Will be sent a copy of the retraction when it is published. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newspaper Clippings: Wisconsin State-Journal, 1962: Box # 3.058 Folder #58.7]
• Letter from Henry Allan Moe, John Raeburn Green. RE: Sent him a copy of the ‘Hearings before the Select Committee to Investigate Tax-Exempt Foundations’. Asks for it to be returned when they are done. Can be counted on to be a character witness. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from Howard Edminster to LP RE: Says that he heard over the radio that LP will run for U.S. Senator. Says that he was overjoyed and grateful to hear the news. Handwritten note at top, “ans’d.” [Filed under LP Correspondence, E: Correspondence, 1960-1969 Box 113 Folder 113.3] 
• Letter from Jack Calvert to LP RE: Thanks LP for lecturing for them. Apologizes for the behavior of Frank Verhook toward LP. Explains that Verhook is an ultra conservative, but the did not anticipate him to treat LP so badly. [Letter from Hopkins to Calvert November 6, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, C: Individual Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 76 Folder 76.2] 
• Letter from LP to Editor of the New York Times. RE: Explains the occurrences at the Gandhi Peace Award Ceremony. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20]                               
• Letter from Leopold and Esther S. Frankel to Gentlemen, Promoting Enduring Peace, Inc., cc LP RE: Expresses keen disappointment and mortification at the speech of acceptance of the 1962 Ghandian Peace Award delivered by Mr. James P. Warburg, in which he publicly assailed LP, the other recipient of the award. [Letter from LP to Frankel November 20, 1962] [Filed under LP Awards & Honors: Box #1961h-1963h, Folder #1962h.7]
• Letter from Leopold and Esther S. Frankel to the Editor of the N.Y. Times RE: Objects to the article in the N.Y. Times regarding the Ghandian Peace Award ceremony, sponsored by Promoting Enduring Peace, Inc. [Filed under LP Awards & Honors: Box #1961h-1963h, Folder #1962h.7]
• Letter from Morris Redman Spivack to LP RE: Discusses a new calculation of the equation for the curvature of the universe, e=mc3 instead of e=mc2, that he came up with several years ago. Talks about a French physicists’ new discovery and asks if it is the same as his. [Letter from LP to Spivack January 7, 1963] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1]
• Letter from Rhoda Marantz to LP RE: Says it is good to hear of LP’s interest in discovering the cause of schizophrenia. Talks about her work with schizophrenics and her views on the illness. [Letter from Hopkins to Marantz November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Correspondence 1962-1964 Box 259, Folder 259.1] 
• Manuscript and Typescript: “No Title,” Letter to the Editor of The New York Times, re: account of the Gandhi Peace Award Ceremony. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1962), Box #1962a3, Folder #1962a3.3]

  November 2, 1962

  To the Editor of The New York Times:

  A news article in The Times today (Nov. 2) misrepresented my actions at the meeting last night in the Community Church of New York at which both Mr. James P. Warburg and I received the Gandhi Peace Award for Promoting Enduring Peace, Inc.

  The heading of the article is "Warburg and Pauling Wrangle Before Nonviolence Advocates." The body of the article contains several statements suggesting that I wrangled with Mr. Warburg.

  I did not wrangle with Mr. Warburg. There was some wrangling between Mr. Warburg and people in the audience during his address. After he and the chairman had finished speaking, Mr. Warburg sat down in the chair beside me and spoke to me in a low voice. I told him in a low voice that he was mistaken in saying that I had gathered signatures of scientists in foreign countries to a petition to the U. S. government; the petition was in fact a petition to the United Nations, urging that an international agreement be made to stop the testing of all nuclear weapons. I also said that his statement that I had joined with people from 27 countries to obtain an injunction in the courts to stop U. S. nuclear testing was misleading; in fact, my fellow plaintiffs and I had simultaneously filed essentially identical complaints in the courts of both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., asking that an injunction be issued to restrain officials in each country from carrying out nuclear tests, with the provision that it become effective only when the similar injunction had been issued in the other country. Mr. Warburg said that this information was not in a news item, on which he relied. I then said that I thought it was wrong for him to make a public attack on me when he was ignorant about what I had done. He then left the room. The New York Times reporter approached me and I told him about our conversation, and he left in search of Mr. Warburg.

  I have long admired Mr. Warburg, and I was pleased when I learned I was to receive a Gandhi Peace Award at the same meeting at which he was to receive one. I regret that the occasion was made an unhappy one by an action by Mr. Warburg based upon misinformation.

  Linus Pauling

• Newspaper Clipping: “Dr. Pauling Receives Ghandi Peace Award,” Publication Unknown, November 2, 1962. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.31]
• Newspaper clipping: “Pauling Says Move to Elect Him To Senate Has Started” The Gazette and Daily. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.341]
• Newspaper clipping: “Warburg and Pauling Wrangle Before Nonviolence Advocates” New York Times. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.348]
• Press release: Summary of ‘The Molecular Nature of Mental Disease’, by LP for the Manfred Sakel Dinner. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.21] 

  ADDRESS BY PROFESSOR LINUS PAULING

  AT THE BANQUET OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

  ARRANGED BY THE MANFRED SAKEL FOUNDATION

  I was happy when Mrs. Gimbel and Dr. Rinkel invited me to participate in this meeting, and I have been happy to attend the symposium on the chemical basis of mental disease and to be associated with the Manfred Sakel Foundation, which is dedicated to the work of diminishing the amount of human suffering in the world.

  The world has during recent decades been changing at a tremendous rate. Technological advances are such that the world is not the same one year as it was the year before. Tremendous weapons of destruction are developed. The stresses under which people live become ever more oppressing. There emanates from the centers of governments a special sort of irrationality. Among the people there is the spirit of rejection of dogma and of revelation, the old principles of conduct. If the world is to survive, we must strive for a fundamental ethical and philosophical principle in accordance with which we can all live together in peace.

  I believe that the fundamental ethical principle that everyone should accept is that of striving for the minimization of human suffering. This is not the same as maximizing the amount of happiness in the world.

  On a scale of income, we may select a certain value as standard -- one that is just enough for a satisfactory life, different, of course, according to duties and circumstances. An increase of 80 percent in income would give same added happiness -- but the suffering that would be caused by a decrease of 80 percent surely deserves a far greater weight.

  The nature of the human race has been changed by our technological development. A man or woman is not truly an organism, in the sense that a rabbit is, or a lion, or a whale. Instead, he is a part of a greater organism, the whole of mankind, into which he is bound by the means of communication -- speaking, writing, telephoning, traveling over long distances -- in the way that the cells of a rabbit are interconnected by nerve fibers and hormonal molecular messengers.

  The ethical principle of minimizing human suffering requires that we all work together in overcoming the causes of suffering.

  In some parts of the world starvation, malnutrition, and the onslaughts of infectious diseases are the principal causes of human suffering; but everywhere mental disease is an important cause. In the United States half of the hospital beds are occupied by mental patients.

  Several years ago I became interested in the question of the chemical basis of mental disease. As a result I have had contact with many psychiatrists. I am grateful to them, even though they do not do a very good job. They do the best that they can, but they are handicapped by ignorance. Sometimes they make use of such crude methods as insulin shock, or electroshock, damaging the human organism in the hope that the changed individual will be improved. They make rather effective use of drugs. These drugs were not discovered through any process of ratiocination, based on the understanding of the nature of mental disease; instead, they were discovered empirically, when it was found that certain chemical substances are helpful for some mental patients. No one knows why these drugs are valuable in treating mental disease -- in general, we are lacking in knowledge about the molecular basis of the therapeutic action of all drugs.

  I hope that the psychiatrists will not have to work much longer under the terrible handicap of extreme ignorance about the diseases that they are treating and about the mechanisms of their methods of treatment. I have been encouraged by information presented at the Manfred Sakel symposium to believe that the time will come, perhaps in 10 or 20 years, when, if enough effort is made, there will be obtained some significant understanding of the nature of the groups of diseases that we classify as schizophrenia and of other mental diseases, comparable to that which now exists for a few diseases that are called molecular diseases.

  I believe that most mental diseases are molecular diseases, the result of a biochemical abnormality in the human body. I think that the mind is a manifestation of the structure of the brain, that it is an electrical oscillation in the brain supported by the material structure of the brain; I think that the mind can be made abnormal by an abnormality in the chemical structure of the brain itself, usually hereditary in character, but sometimes caused by an abnormality in the environment. Pellagra is an example of a disease with mental manifestations, which has been largely conquered because of the discovery of the molecular abnormality that produces it. It is a deficiency disease, due to the lack of a vitamin, nicotinic acid. The discovery of its chemical cause has led to the solution of the pellagra problem in many parts of the world.

  Considerable progress is now being made in the understanding of molecular diseases that cause mental deficiency. An example is the disease phenylketonuria. It was identified 30 years age by Dr. Foelling in Oslo, Norway, who studied some mentally deficient children who had an odd smell. He found that there were some unusual substances present in the urine of these children; further investigation by him and other scientists then led to the discovery that these children lack an enzyme in the liver that catalyzes the oxidation of one amino acid, phenylalanine, to another amino acid, tyrosine. In consequence the concentration of phenylalanine in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid increases to such a level as to interfere with the development and function of the brain, leading to mental deficiency. The various proteins that we eat contain about 20 different amino acids. The amount of phenylalanine in the diet is somewhat greater than is needed, and there may be a deficiency in tyrosine. Normal human beings have an enzyme in the liver that catalyzes the oxidation of the excess phenylalanine to tyrosine. This enzyme is manufactured by genes -- most people have two genes of this sort, which have been inherited from their parents. One person in 80 has only one gene that manufactures the enzyme, plus another gene, a mutated one, that does not manufacture the enzyme -- such a person has only half the amount of the enzyme that a normal person has, which is, however, enough to keep him in good health.

  If two of the people marry one another, there occurs the great lottery: the child inherits only one of the two genes from the father and one of the two from the mother. On the average, a quarter of the children from such a marriage thus inherit the abnormal gene of the father and also the abnormal gene of the mother, neither of which will manufacture the enzyme. In consequence this child has the disease phenylketonuria.

  When the knowledge of the chemical basis of phenylketonuria was obtained, it was found that the disease could be recognized by a chemical test a few weeks after birth, and that the child, if fed on a diet of hydrolyzed protein from which most of the phenylalanine had been removed, would develop in a nearly normal manner.

  This disease, which in the past has been responsible for one percent of the institutionalized mentally deficient individuals in the United States, may now be brought under control because of the discovery of its molecular nature.

  The possibilities for progress toward understanding mental disease may be indicated by a discussion of another disease, sickle-cell anemia. This disease does not have mental manifestations. It is the first disease to be described as a molecular disease.

  In sickle-cell anemia the red cells of the blood are twisted out of shape. It has been found that the deformation of the red cells is due to an abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule, the principal protein inside of these cells. The abnormal hemoglobin molecules seem to be self-complementary, so that they clamp on to one another to form long rods, which they line up side by side to form a long needle-like liquid crystal. As this liquid crystal (tactoid) grows and becomes longer than the diameter of the undistorted red cell, it begins to deform the red cells, which then become sticky, become tangled with one another, and prevent the flow of blood through the capillaries, leading to anoxia and to the various manifestations of the disease.

  The abnormality of the sickle-cell-anemia hemoglobin was discovered in our laboratories in Pasadena by Dr. Harvey Itano, Dr. J. S. Singer, and Dr. I. C. Wells. They showed that the molecules of abnormal hemoglobin, from the blood of a patient with the disease, have a positive electric charge, in neutral solution, whereas those of normal hemoglobin have a negative electric charge. Through the efforts of a number of investigators, especially Dr. Vernon Ingram, it has been found that the abnormal hemoglobin of this disease differs from normal hemoglobin only in one amino acid residue out of a total of 300 in the half-molecule.

  Many abnormal human hemoglobins have been discovered, since the discovery of sickle-cell-anemia hemoglobins, and these abnormal hemoglobins are responsible for many different diseases. It has now become possible to diagnose the hereditary hemolytic anemias in a far more precise way than was possible before the discovery of the molecular nature of this complex of diseases.

  Sickle-cell anemia is found in a patient who has inherited two genes for sickle-cell hemoglobin. A patient who has inherited one gene for sickle-cell hemoglobin and one gene for hemoglobin C has a different disease, which is called sickle-cell: hemoglobin-C disease. A patient who has inherited two genes for hemoglobin C has still another disease, homozygous hemoglobin-C disease.

  This example indicates what we might expect to find in schizophrenia -- not that there is a gene for schizophrenia, but rather that there are many genes involved, such that any one of them, when inherited in double dose, or some combinations of several of these genes with one another may produce a quantitative genetic abnormality that leads to mental manifestations classified as schizophrenia. The evidence that was presented to the symposium about the presence of biochemical abnormalities in the blood of schizophrenics is significant in this respect.

  If schizophrenia is a complex of diseases, rather than a single disease, it will be difficult to find a treatment. Nevertheless, I believe that a tremendous amount of progress can be made in controlling schizophrenia, and in decreasing the amount of human suffering that it causes, provided that a vigorous effort is made to carry out research on its nature.

  We may envisage ways for treating diseases that have not yet been brought into practice. For example, with the progress in our knowledge about the nature of enzymes and about the role of enzyme in relation to disease, especially enzyme deficiencies, it may before long be possible to synthesize artificial enzymes that can be used in a substitution therapy that will permit the patient to lead a satisfactory life.

  We have no to recognize the possibility that nucleic acid may be introduced into the cells of a patient, to correct the abnormalities that otherwise would lead to mental disease. There is also the possibility that an understanding of mental disease will be obtained such that drugs of definitely predicted structure can be synthesized that will control the diseases in a specific way.

  However, all of these would be palliative measures, which would not constitute a solution of the problem. I am concerned about the degeneration of the pool of human germ plasm, resulting from damage to the genes by natural mutagenic agents, natural radioactivity, and those chemicals and artificial high energy radiation that constitute a part of our modern life.

  There is a natural process of purification of the pool of human germ plasm. As abnormal genes, such as those that produce phenylketonuria, continue to be introduced into the pool of human germ plasm through new mutations, the defective genes are also removed by the death without progeny of those children who have inherited the abnormal recessive gene in double dose. This process of purification involves a large amount of human suffering.

  I believe that it is possible for us now to begin to carry out the process of purifying the pool of human germ plasm without the suffering that is involved in the birth, and death without progeny, of the defective children. If two parents have a phenylketonuric child, then it is known that both of the parents are carriers of the gene for phenylketonuria, in single dose. It is known that the chance is 25 percent that any future child born to these parents would also have the disease. There are a number of diseases caused by defective genes for which a similar prediction can be made

  It is accordingly possible in many cases to say that offspring of a marriage will have a 25 percent chance, for each child, of his being grossly defective. Because of the great amount of human suffering involved as a result of the birth of a grossly defective child, I believe that the chance of 25 percent is too great to permit the prospective parents to be left in ignorance about it.

  As our knowledge about the genetic character of human beings increases, it may become possible to identify the carriers of the recessive genes for many serious diseases. It would then be possible for these carriers to marry normal individuals, rather than other carriers of the same defective genes, and then to have a somewhat smaller number of children than normal, one or two children, rather than three or four. In this way the defective genes would be removed from the pool of human germ plasm, without the birth, suffering, and death of defective children. As the years go by, there may be achieved by this method a significant decrease in the incidence of mental disease, as well as of the diseases with somatic manifestations.

  I believe that we shall move into a better world in the future, with the scientists, collaborating with the psychiatrists, in doing their part to contribute to the control of mental disease and the decrease in the amount of human suffering. We may have hope that the increase in knowledge about the molecular basis of disease will in the course of time lead to a significant decrease in the amount of human suffering in the world.

• Press release: ‘Summary of ‘The Molecular Nature of Mental Disease’ by Linus Pauling for the Manfred Sakel Dinner. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.344] 
• Typescript: ‘The Molecular Nature of Mental Disease’, The Manfred Sakel Dinner, Second International Conference for Biological Research and Treatment of Mental Disease. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.21]

• Itinerary [handwritten]: Combined Staff Clinic, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons; “A Molecular Theory of Anesthesia” [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Agustin E. Turner to LP RE: Congratulates LP on being presented with the 1962 Gandhi Peace Award. Says LP’s persistence is encouraging. [Letter from LP to Turner December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, T:  Correspondence 1956-1963 Box 411, Folder 411.7]       
• Letter from James A. Wilson to LP RE: Tells LP that he highly respects his efforts for peace, and donates $50 for LP to use in any way he feels that it will do some good. [Letter from Hopkins to Wilson November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, W: Individual Correspondence, 1960-1962 Box 445 Folder 445.3] 
• Newspaper clipping: “Correction: Pauling Talk Editorial”, Wisconsin State-Journal. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newspaper Clippings: Wisconsin State-Journal, 1962: Box # 3.058 Folder #58.7]
• Newspaper clipping: “Cuba” The Nation. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.338]
• Newspaper clipping: “Pauling Ascribes Mental Illnesses to Genetic Damage” [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.345] 

• Itinerary [handwritten]: to Arden House Conference; will drive to New York and back on Monday, 5 November [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Charles Bloomstein to LP RE: Tells LP that the new publishing house is in need of investors, and asks if LP could write to the Eatons to introduce it and Bloomstein so he can try to contact them personally. Discusses the need for immediate action and education made apparent by the Cuban crisis. [Letter from Bloomstein to Editorial Consultant] [Letter from LP to Eaton November 28, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, F: Organizational Correspondence (Fa - Fu) Box 122, Folder 122.12] 
• Letter to Mrs. Linda Hopkins, secretary to LP, from Ms. Milnor Alexander RE: Thanks Mrs. Hopkins for her kind letter and expresses regret at LP’s inability to visit Penn State and speak. [Letter  from Hopkins to Alexander October 29, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence), #14.1]
• Newspaper Clipping: “A Medical ‘UN’ Here Studies Schizophrenia,” by Fern Marja Eckman, New York Post, November 4, 1962. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.32]

• Article: “Pauling Loses Bid to Ban A-Bomb Tests,” Chemical and Engineering News, November 5, 1962. RE: LP has made many comments on the page (hard to read) about this article. [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder #6.5]
• Invitation from the President and Executive Committee of the Rudolf Virchow Medical Society to a dinner preceding the Rudolf Virchow Lecture. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.343] 
• Invitation from the Rudolf Virchow Medical Society to the Annual Rudolf Virchow Lecture. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.343] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Rudolf Virchow Lecture, “Molecular Disease and Evolution,” New York Academy of Medicine; [in pencil] slides [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Journal Article: “A fearful world rose to cry: Hands off Cuba,” National Guardian, November 5, 1962. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.33]
• Journal Article: “How do you tell if a weapon is offensive or defensive?” by Robert E. Light, National Guardian, November 5, 1962. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.33]
• Journal Article: “Paulings protest ‘warlike act’,” National Guardian, November 5, 1962. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.33]
• Letter from Clyde R. Miller to LP RE: Discusses his proposal to make a national committee to repeal the McCarran Act. Says he is trying out the proposal on people who signed the petition to President Kennedy. Asks for LP’s opinion and comments. [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 259, Folder 259.1] 
• Letter from David M. Paul to LP RE: Sends a copy of a letter from LP to Paul from August 11, 1961 to remind LP of the work that he did developing biology exhibits for the U.S. Science Pavilion in Seattle. Says that since completing that work he has undertaken a book that will cover some of the same ground. The focus of the book is genetic biochemistry and the possibility of direct genetic manipulation. Says he would like LP’s opinions on these matters and would like to interview LP while he is in Los Angeles. [Letter from LP to Paul August 11, 1961] [Letter from LP to Paul December 1, 1962 [Filed under LP Correspondence, P: Correspondence, 1960-1963 314, Folder 314.3]                        
• Letter from Harold Aaron to LP RE: Encloses a copy of the manuscript, “Fallout and Countermeasures” for review. Discusses the Medical Letter and encloses a few issues in case LP is not familiar with the publication. [Letter from Hopkins to Aaron November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Organizational Correspondence (Ma - Mo) Box 254, Folder 254.3]  
• Letter from Jane McManus to LP RE: Thanks him for his statement for the pamphlet about he Guardian. Encloses several copies of the pamphlet and tells LP to let them know if he would like more. [Letter from LP to Nixon August 4, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, N: Organizational Correspondence (Na- Na) Box 283, Folder 283.6]  
• Letter from John Lechter to LP RE: Tells LP that he has been assigned to write a term paper on a Nobel Prize Winner in chemistry in biochemistry. Asks if LP could send him any information which deals with the steps toward LP’s discovery about proteins and tell him where he can find more information in the topic. [Letter from Hopkins to Lechter November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, L: Correspondence 1961-1963 Box 232, Folder 232.2] 
• Letter from John Raeburn Green, to Henry Allen Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. RE: Thanks him for his letter and the copy of the ‘Hearings before the Select Committee to Investigate Tax-Exempt Foundations’. Delighted that he is to testified as a character witness in the pending suit against the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3]
• Letter from Lewis C. Green, to LP. RE: Encloses copies of certain pleadings and other papers for his case. Reminds him that they would like to have a list of schools or other institutions which used his books in the Missouri-Illinois area. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Charles J. Smith RE: Tells Smith that his letter arrived while LP was away from the city and will return in the middle of November. Says Smith’s letter will be called to LP’s attention then. [Letter from Smith to LP October 30, 1962] [Letter from LP to Smith March 9, 1963] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins, LP’s Secretary, to Earl Woodward, RE: Hopkins acknowledges Woodward’s letter and manuscript while LP is in Europe.  She will bring it to his attention when he returns.   [Letter from Woodward October 28, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: (Materials re: Fallout and Radiation Shelters, and Civil Defense, 1962-1965), Box #7.008, Folder #8.10]
• Letter from Robert G. Heath to LP RE: Follows up on their conversation about the possibility that LP could come visit during the first part of December in conjunction with a trip to Texas. Discusses the work at Tulane that he would like to talk with LP about and the financial aspects of the trip. [Letter from LP to Heath November 21, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 168 Folder 168.2] 
• Letter from Wendell Weed to LP RE: Tells LP that the profile prepared from John Lindsey’s interview with LP is now in approximate final form and is being submitted to LP for checking. Asks that LP verify the factual references and offer suggestions on the organization of the material. [Letter from Hopkins to Weed November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Organizational Correspondence (Ma - Mo) Box 254, Folder 254.13]  
• Manuscript notes: ‘Molecular Disease and Evolution’, Rudolf Virchow Lecture. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.23] 
• Medal: Rudolf Virchow Medal, The Rudolf Virchow Medical Society, New York, Certificate in Appreciation of Achievements. [Filed under LP Awards & Honors: 1962h.8]       
• Newspaper Clipping: “On Khrushchev,” by Paul Koenig, Publication Unknown, November 5, 1962. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.34]
• Newspaper clipping: “Cast your Vote for Sanity and Peace” New York Times. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.341]
• Note from LP to Linda Hopkins RE: Tells her that her letter arrived and all is going well. Asks her to deposit the four enclosed checks. [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence 1961-1962 Box 168, Folder 168.2] 
• Typescript: ‘Molecular Disease and Evolution’, Rudolf Virchow Lecture. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.23] 
• Typescripts: “Molecular Disease and Evolution,” given at the Rudolf Virchow Lecture, November 5, 1962. Revised typescript. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1963), Box #1963a, Folder #1963a.18] 

• Itinerary [handwritten]: Conference of Hemoglobin, Arden House, Columbia University; lecture entitled “Hemoglobin, Evolution, and Molecular Disease” [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary: LP and AHP leave New York at 8:30 P.M.; arrive in Brussels at 9:50 A.M.; reservation at Hotel Astoria, Brussels [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from David B. Sprinson to LP RE: Tells LP that his daughter went to see LP’s lecture on anesthesia the previous Saturday primarily because of LP’s views on disarmament. Says he thought this example of support from the younger generation might be encouraging. P.S. at bottom adds that he wrote the letter on Nov. 6, but did not mail it until Nov. 28. [Letter from LP to Sprinson December 5, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1]
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Jack Calvert RE: Explains that since LP is still away on his lecture tour she is writing to acknowledge receipt of Calvert’s letter and check. [Letter from Calvert to LP November 2, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, C: Individual Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 76 Folder 76.2] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Kenneth Lennon RE: Tells Lennon that LP is on an extended European trip. Sends some papers written by LP and suggests that Lennon read No More War!. [Letter from Lennon to LP October 31, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, L: Correspondence 1961-1963 Box 232, Folder 232.2]
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Murray Goodman RE: Tells him that LP is out of town and will return in the middle of November. [Letter from Goodman to LP October 30, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, G: Correspondence, 1962-1965 Box 142 Folder 142.1] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins, Secretary to LP, to Ann Fagan Ginger, Editor, Civil Liberties Docket, RE: Informs that LP is away on a European trip. [Letter from Ginger to LP October 29, 1962, Letter from LP to Ginger] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (G: Correspondence) #142.2] 
• Letter from R. R. Whetstone, Shell Development Company, to LP. RE: Would prefer to hear about the molecular theory of anesthesia. [Letter from LP October 23, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1963: Box #1963s Folder #1963s.2] 
• Manuscript: “No Title,” Statement to be sent to Leo Rosten, Look Magazine referring to nuclear weapons testing and disarmament for article “Christmas in Crisis.” Published as part of “Christmas in Crisis- Ten world figures tell why they think this Christmas is unlike any other” in Look Magazine 26, no. 27 (December 1962): 15-17. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1962), Box #1962a3, Folder #1962a3.4]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Texts of Resolutions in U.N. on Nuclear Testing”, The New York Times, November 6, 1962. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Material from LP’s Desk at C.I.T., 1958-1964), Box #1.034, Folder #34.9]
• Proceedings: ‘Hemoglobin, Evolution and Molecular Disease’, Conference on Hemoglobin, Columbia University Department of Medicine. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.24] 

• Handwritten note by LP RE: Contains different equations and talks about how the reactions of Hg + CO and Hg + noble gas have to be discussed differently. Also, has a note at the top to give regards to Linda from Mrs. Jean Henri. [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Organizational Correspondence (So - Su) Box 376 Folder 376.4] 
• Handwritten note by LP RE: Response to Gaydo and Wigner at the 12th Solvay Congress. Summarizes what he thinks Wigner has been saying and says that he does not think it has anything to do with the question of microscopic reversibility. [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Organizational Correspondence (So - Su) Box 376 Folder 376.4]
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Bruxelles (Solvay Congress) [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Frank Makara to LP RE: Encloses an article and asks if LP thinks it would be proper to submit to the Minority of One. Asks if it is too religious. [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 259, Folder 259.1]
• Letter from Henri Laugier to LP RE: Written in French. Invites LP to participate in the international colloquium on negotiation of the German problem in Brussels 7, 8, and 9 December. [Letter from LP to Laugier December 4, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, L: Correspondence 1961-1963 Box 232, Folder 232.2] 
• Letter from James Warburg to Jerome Davis. RE: Has received the letter forwarded to him. Informs him that he was attempting to avoid the situation, but that Davis had insisted on him appearing with LP. Was shocked that it was a fund-raising event. Relinquishes the award. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20] 
• Letter from Mary Ellen David to LP RE: Says that she has been chosen to write to him asking for his thoughts on the importance of an excellent foundation in English as it pertains to the future success of high school students. [Letter from LP to David November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, D: Correspondence 1960-1966 Box 99, Folder 99.3] 
• Letter from Masao Kotani to LP RE: Thanks LP for all his efforts toward guarding peace after Kennedy’s declaration of blockade of Cuba. Says it was fortunate that the crisis was avoided and he hopes it is a step to ease East-West tension instead of intensifying it. [Filed under LP Correspondence, K: Correspondence 1957-1962 Box 201, Folder 201.6] 
• Letter from Maximo Baron to LP RE: Talks about LP’s work 30 years ago on the structure of metaldehyde through x-ray diffraction. Says that he isolated a tetramer of chloral that has a similar general formula. Says that he will send LP a copy of the material when it is ready for publication, and sends a reprint of the original communication. [Letter from LP to Baron November 26, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1] 
• Letter from T. L. Borrows, Peterhouse, Cambridge, to LP RE: Points out a mistake in the third edition of The Nature of the Chemical Bond. [Letter from LP to Borrows November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Books: 1960b6.1]
• Letter from William N. White, Ohio State University, to LP. RE: Thanks him for being their guest speaker. [Letter from LP December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.18] 
• Memo from F. W. Hess to R. T. Baker, cc: LP, RE: Executed Contract Resume for Contract Nonr-220(33). States Amendment 8 for the contract: renewal at $20,000 for the period September 1, 1962 through August 31, 1963. [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Memoranda, Notes and Assorted Materials re: “The Structure of Metals and Intermetallic Compounds”, Contract Nonr 220(33) (Chemistry 43), 1958-1963), Box #14.035, Folder #35.1] 

• Diploma: L’Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Diploma, Doctor of Science honoris causa, Medal. Includes correspondence. [Filed under LP Awards & Honors: 1962h.9] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Bruxelles (Solvary Congress) [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from A. B. Garrett, Ohio State University, to LP. RE: Expresses his appreciation for his lectures. Comments on the tense situation at the university. [Letter from LP December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.18] 
• Letter from Esther Linke to LP RE: Encloses requests to use materials from The Nature of the Chemical Bond made by Professor Sheehan. Explains that most of the submitted requests were more general and not very specific and that the requests seem a little superfluous. Asks LP to look over the requests and return them once he had made a decision. [Letter from LP to Linke December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1]
• Letter from Jan Symons to AHP, RE: Asks that AHP attends the Conference of Women held at University of Montreal.  Also requests the dates and exact place of the Pugwash Conference in England and urges AHP to encourage U.S. women to attend the WIL conference in Canada.  [Filed under AHP materials re: Peace and Women: (Correspondence: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 1959-1981), Box#4.001, Folder#1.1]
• Letter from Leo Rosten, Look Magazine to LP RE: Thanks LP for his statement for their “Christmas in Crisis” feature. [Manuscript November 6, 1962] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1962), Box #1962a3, Folder #1962a3.4]
• Letter from Tony Buzan to LP RE: Says they are delighted to hear that LP will be able to speak on their campus. Asks if LP will try to give them a date about a month beforehand so they can make all the necessary arrangements. [Letter from LP to Buzan October 25, 1962] [Letter from LP to Buzan December 14, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, T:  Correspondence 1956-1963 Box 411, Folder 411.7]
• Newsletter, Monthly Bulletin. [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am-Co), Box #4.010, Folder #10.7]
• Newsletter, Monthly Bulletin. [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am-Co), Box #4.010, Folder #10.7]

• Article: “A Wonderful Way Out” Time. [Filed under LP Biographical: Legal: Box #3.006 Folder #6.24]
• Article: “She Ain’t What She Used to Be” Time. [Filed under LP Biographical: Legal: Box #3.006 Folder #6.24]
• Hotel bill: Hotel Astoria, Brussels [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Bruxelles (Solvary Congress) [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from D. W. Rogers to LP RE: Thanks LP for his comments and says that he will revise the paper to include LP’s suggestions. Asks if LP meant a mixture of benzene and cyclohexane, not napthalene and cyclohexane. Requests permission to refer to LP’s letter in the revised paper. [Letters from LP to Rogers October 17, 1962, November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, R: Correspondence, 1960-1963 Box 342 Folder 342.3]
• Letter from Fritz A. Freyhan, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, to LP. RE: Agrees with his remarks concerning psychiatric treatment. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.21] 
• Letter from John E. Ultmann to LP RE: Sends LP some papers by William Good on the hemolysis of human erythrocytes in relation to the lattice structure of water that he feels coincide with LP’s ideas presented at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. [Letter from LP to Ultmann December 3, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, U:  Correspondence 1936-1970 Box 421, Folder 421.20]
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Adam Lohaus RE: Hopkins informs Lohaus that LP and AHP are traveling in the Eastern United States and she will draw LP’s attention to Lohaus’ letter upon his return. [Letter from Lohaus to LP November 2, 1962, Letter from Lohaus to Hopkins November 15, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Nuclear Fallout; Radiation Hazards, 1962-1963: Box #7.005, Folder #5.14] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Harold Aaron RE: Acknowledges the receipt of the manuscript Aaron sent for LP. Informs him that LP is away from the city until November 16 and his letter will be called to LP’s attention then. [Letter from Aaron to LP November 5, 1962] [Letter from LP to Aaron December 14, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Organizational Correspondence (Ma - Mo) Box 254, Folder 254.3]
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to James A. Wilson RE: Acknowledges Wilson’s letter, and informs him that LP is away on an extended trip until the middle of the month. [Letter from Wilson to LP November 3, 1962, Letter from LP to Wilson November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, W: Individual Correspondence, 1960-1962 Box 445 Folder 445.3] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to John Lechter RE: Tells Lechter that LP is out of town until 19 November, but Lechter’s letter will be called to his attention on his return. [Letter from Lechter to LP November 5, 1962] [Letter from LP to Lechter November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, L: Correspondence 1961-1963 Box 232, Folder 232.2] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Rhoda Marantz RE: Tells her that LP is out of town until the middle of the month and her letter will be called to his attention then. [Letter from Marantz to LP November 2, 1962] [Letter from LP to Marantz November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Correspondence 1962-1964 Box 259, Folder 259.1] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Wendell Weed RE: Tells Weed that LP is away from Pasadena for about one more week and Weed’s letter will be called to LP’s attention when he returns. [Letter from Weed to LP November 5, 1962] [Letter from LP to Weed November 21, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Organizational Correspondence (Ma - Mo) Box 254, Folder 254.13]  
• Letter from Mrs. Morton Hartz to LP RE: Tells LP that the Nursery Foundation of St. Louis, Missouri are holding their annual book fair from which they derive most of its income. Says they are trying to raise attendance by auctioning celebrity autographed books. Asks if LP could donate something for this purpose. [Letter from LP to Hartz November 26, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, N: Correspondence 1957-1964 Box 288, Folder 288.6]  
• Letter from Murray Goodman to Dr. John C. Kendrew, cc: LP RE: Congratulates him on receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Says it is a pleasure to invite him to the Editorial Advisory Board. [Filed under LP Correspondence, G: Correspondence, 1962-1965 Box 142 Folder 142.1] 
• Letter from Richard C. Bray to LP RE: States and briefly supports his thoughts on consciousness, asking LP for his opinion. [Letter from LP to Bray November 29, 1962] [Filed under LP Science: (Materials re: Anesthesia Research, 1959-1983), Box #12.001, Folder #1.3] 
• Newspaper Clipping: “Report of Girl Friday,” by Clara McClure, Evening Outlook, November 9, 1962. [Note from Goldberg to LP November 12, 1962] [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.35]
• Newspaper clipping: “Report of Girl Friday” Evening Outlook. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.341]

• Hotel bill: Hotel Astoria, Brussels [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Bruxelles (Solvary Congress) [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Georgia H. Schneider to AHP RE: Tells AHP about the Joe Pine Program and her concerns about its one-sided views and perhaps libelous statements. Asks what could be done to get him off the air. Also asks where she can obtain more of a few of LP’s articles from Frontier. [Letter from LP to Schneider November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1] 
• Letter from J. Ernest Bryant to LP, cc: President Kennedy RE: Talks about hearing comments made by LP and Mr. Warburg in accepting the Ghandi Peace Prize. Says he admires LP’s grasp of mankind’s present predicament and LP’s courage to speak about it. Discusses his fears and thoughts on the state of the world. [Letter from LP to Bryant November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1] 
• Letter from John C. Schuder, to Linda Hopkins. RE: Gives more information regarding LP’s visit to Columbia. [Letter from LP November 20, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.25] 
• Letter from Thomas L. Scroggin to LP RE: Thanks LP for the copy of No More War. Tells LP that he passed it among some of his fellow students, most of whom took the opposing  viewpoint, but says he saw many perplexed looks which he thought were indicative of inner doubts. Encloses a check for the price of the book. [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1]
• Newspaper clipping: “Célébration du cinquantenaire du Conseil de chimie Solvay” Le Soir. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.346]
• Photo: The Solvay International Chemical Institute. Front row, left to right: R. G. W. Norrish, Linus Pauling, J.H. de Boer, A. R Ubbelohde, W. Kuhn, J. E. Mayer, and G. Wittig. Second row: O. K. Rice, J. Timmermans, N. N. Semenov, P. Lafitte, K. F. Herzfeld, and E. P. Wigner. Third row: I Prigogine, A. Van Tiggelen, and J. Duchesne. Fourth row: P. Erculisse, G. Herzberg, B. Widom, K. E. Schuler, G. Porter, D. F. Hornig, R. Karplus, T. L. Cottrell, L. J. Oosterhoff, V. Voevodsky, A. G. Gaydon, N. Manson, and N. B. Slater. Fifth row: St. Claesson, J. C. Polanyi, A. Kantrowitz, R. Coekelbergh, G. Szasz, P. Goldfinger, M. G. Inghram, J. W. Linnett, O. Osberghaus, J. Ross, R. Defay, and J. D. Morrison. November 10, 1962.  Photographer unknown.  Black and white print. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1962i.13]
• Telegram from Unknown to LP, RE: The Medical Aid to Cuba Committee hopes that LP will respond favorably to the appeal against recent actions taken by the house committee.  Several officers of the Medical Aid to Cuba Committee have been subpoenaed to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee at a hearing in Washington, D.C. [Filed under LP Peace: (Issues of International Diplomacy and Human Rights, Cu-Ir), Box #6.014, Folder #14.1]  

• Article: “Uranium Contract Awarded by A.E.C.” [Filed under LP Peace: Pauling Peace Research Notes: Box #6.012, Folder #12.3] 
• Hotel bill: Hotel Astoria, Brussels [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Copenhagen [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Lillian Spears to LP RE: Tells LP that she really wants to be involved in the peace movement, but is unable to. Asks for a conference with LP so that he could give her council as to how she could join people working for a peaceful world. [Letter from LP to Spears November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1] 
• Menu: “Lunch with Queen Elizabeth Brussels Nov. 11, 1962" [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.346] 
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pravda Suggets a Test Solution”, New York Times, November 11, 1962. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Material from LP’s Desk at C.I.T., 1958-1964), Box #1.034, Folder #34.9]

• Article: “McNamara: We Will Not Be Defeated.” [Filed under LP Peace: Pauling Peace Research Notes: Box #6.012, Folder #12.3] 
• Folder #8.350] 
• Hotel bill: Hotel Bristol, Oslo, Norway [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Copenhagen [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary: LP and AHP leave Brussels at 2:55 PM, arrive in Copenhagen at 5:20 P.M.; reservation at Royal Hotel [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Helen Tucker, Chairman WILC for ICY, to AHP RE: Discusses the ways in which the office is functioning and the new approaches that the committee is taking towards working for peace.  Also says there is a possibility for a meeting of women from North and South America through which the group may make an effort to show interest.  [Filed under AHP materials re: Women and Peace: (Correspondence, Assorted Materials re: Conference of Women for International Cooperation Year, Montreal Canada, 1962), Box#4.004, Folder#4.3]
• Letter from Virginia Apgar, National Foundation to LP RE: The book “Birth Defects” is in galley-proof and will be ready for distribution in January 1963. Asks LP to clarify his definition of the word “gene” (other authors deem it a part of DNA and LP has deemed it synonymous with DNA). [Letter from LP to Apgar November 26, 1962] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1962), Box #1962a2, Folder #1962a2.1] 
• Newspaper Clipping: “Voice of Women Tells Secret of Keeping the Peace,” The Telegram.  [Filed under AHP materials re: Women and Peace: (Correspondence, Assorted Materials re: Conference of Women for International Cooperation Year, Montreal, Canada 1962), Box#4.004, Folder#4.3]  
• Newspaper clipping: “Pauling Denies ‘Wrangling’” New York Times. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.348]
• Newspaper clipping: “Peace, It’s a Riot” Newsweek. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.348]
• Note from Murray J. Goldberg to LP RE: Enclose a newspaper clipping for LP’s interest. [Newspaper Clipping: “Report of Girl Friday,” November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.35] 
• Note from Zelma Zee to LP RE: Asks LP to speak with her about the treatment of schizophrenia, or if not, if LP could refer her to someone. [Letter from Mrs. Hopkins to Zee November 13, 1962 and Letter from LP to Zee December 31, 1962] [Filed under LP Science: (Orthomolecular Medicine and Mental Health: Materials re: Ford Foundation grants for the study of mental disorders, 1955-1966), Box #11.089, Folder #89.10] 
• Program: “Ford Hall Forum 1961-1962" [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008  
• Reprint, “The International Anti-War Conference.” [Filed under LP Peace: (Oxford Conference, January 4-7, 1963), Box #2.006, Folder #6.4] 

• Copy of “The Peace Candidates and the 1962 Elections.” [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE, 1958-1966, 1982), Box #4.003, Folder #3.10] 
• Hotel bill: Hotel Bristol, Oslo, Norway [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Copenhagen [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Anne Roe to LP RE: Tells LP that she has been able to arrange her schedule so as to be able to be in Pasadena on December 10 and she would like to see LP at 9:30 that morning. Asks for a bibliography of LP’s works since 1945. [Letter from LP to Roe October 15, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, R: Correspondence, 1960-1963 Box 342 Folder 342.3]        
• Letter from E. M. Papper, Columbia University, to LP. RE: Expresses his appreciation to LP for being willing to spend time at Columbia University. [Letter from LP December 3, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.22] 
• Letter from Jerome Davis, Promoting Enduring Peace, Inc., to LP. RE: Thanks him for his address. Has been attacked by the right and the left for the meeting. Encloses a copy of a letter from James Warburg. [Letter from LP November 20, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20] 
• Letter from Mrs. Linda Hopkins to Zelma Zee RE: Writes in LP’s absence to say that he will see the letter when he returns. [Note from Zee to LP November 12, 1962] [Filed under LP Science: (Orthomolecular Medicine and Mental Health: Materials re: Ford Foundation grants for the study of mental disorders, 1955-1966), Box #11.089, Folder #89.10] 
• Letter from Wolfgang Bartels to LP, RE: [In German] [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Appeals, 1940-1970), Box #6.007, Folder #7.17] 
• Newspaper clipping: “En skandale” Dagbladet [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.351]
• Newspaper clipping: “Nobelprisvenner med dystre utsikter” Arbleiderbladet. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.351]
• Newspaper clipping: “Pauling ser lysere på situasjonen efter Cuba” Aflenpoften. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.350]
• Various receipts: Hotel Bristol, Oslo [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 

• Copy of letter from R. Atkinson to Mrs. Hopkins, RE: Atkinson was asked by Hopkins to send a copy of the bomb test suit to Professor Hartman in Mexico and notes that it was done promptly, though Atkinson neglected to follow up with Hopkins. [Filed under LP Peace: (The Bomb Test Suits, 1962-1964), Box #6.002, Folder #2.1] 
• Hotel bill: Hotel Bristol, Oslo, Norway [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Copenhagen [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Barbara Juskowitz to LP RE: Explains that she is doing a project in school about anesthetics. Asks if LP could send her any information that might help her with the project and if he might have a suggestion for an experiment she could do in class while giving the report. [Letter from LP to Juskowitz November 29, 1962] [Filed under J: Correspondence 1933-1934, 1936-1964 Box 192, Folder 192.28] 
• Letter from Chester Carlson to LP RE: Thanks LP for the letter. Discusses Dr. Szilard’s Council for Abolishing War. Says he isn’t sure if he should give it his support. Asks LP for any thoughts he might have on the matter. [Letter from LP to Carlson October 17, 1962] [Letter from LP to Carlson November 29, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence: C: Individual Correspondence (Caen - Cassyd) Box 57, Folder 57.11] 
• Letter from Frank Toole to LP RE: Thanks LP for his opinion about Dr. Donald Babin. [Letter from LP to Toole September 17, 1963] [Filed under LP Correspondence, (T: Individual Correspondence. (Thant-Toole)) #407.8] 
• Letter from Lucy Cushing to LP RE: Encloses the final program for the World Affairs Institute and expresses hope that LP and AHP might be able to attend all or some of the sessions. Thanks him for his kindness when she came with Dolly and Sam to Deer Flat Ranch. [Letter from LP to Cushing November 30, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, C: Individual Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 76 Folder 76.2] 
• Letter from Robert Havemann to LP RE: Written in German. Apologizes for not participating in the complaints against the U.S. and Russian governments. Encloses a manuscript of a speech to be given to naturalist and philosophers because he makes an anecdote about LP. Asks for LP’s opinion of it. Handwritten note at bottom, “ans’d Dec 1963" and note at top, “p9.” [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 168 Folder 168.2]
• Memorandum from F. W. Hess to R. T. Baker [c.c.:LP] RE: Executed Contract Resume for Contract Nonr-220(38) (Chemistry 49), Acct. 65070, no-cost extension.  [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Memoranda, Notes and Assorted Materials re: “The Structure and Properties of Proteins and Synthetic Polypeptides”, Contract Nonr 220(05) (Chemistry 32), 1951-1963), Box #14.032, Folder #32.2]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Soviet Discusses the Robot Nuclear Test Checks”, The New York Times, November 14, 1962. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Material from LP’s Desk at C.I.T., 1958-1964), Box #1.034, Folder #34.9]
• Program: “Fourth Annual Barnett R. Brickner Memorial Lecture” [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1964: Box #1964s2 Folder #1964s2.12] 
• Various receipts: Hotel Bristol, Oslo [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 

• Check from LP to Green, Hennings, Henry, Evan & Arnold for $176.35. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1]
• Hotel bill: Hotel Bristol, Oslo, Norway [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Copenhagen [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Adam Lohaus to Linda Hopkins RE: Lohaus has finished the forward for his booklet and asks Hopkins to add it to the booklet and enclosure he sent LP.  [Letter from Hopkins to Lohaus November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Nuclear Fallout; Radiation Hazards, 1962-1963: Box #7.005, Folder #5.14]
• Letter from Donald W. Cox to LP RE: Says that he is working on a book about the roles of the American scientist in politics. Asks for any material LP could send that might help with the book. [Letter from LP to Cox November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, C: Individual Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 76 Folder 76.2] 
• Letter from Executive Editor, Quattrosoldi to LP RE: Encloses an article about Strontium 90 in human milk which will be published in their magazine. Asks if LP could read it and give them an authoritative opinion of it. Discusses the Quattrosoldi and it goals. [Letter from Agostini to LP May 28, 1963] [Filed under LP Correspondence, Q: Correspondence, 1948-1995, No Date Box 324, Folder 324.9]  
• Letter from Gerald Clarke to LP RE: Encloses material related distantly to LP’s work on the structure of water. [Letter from LP to Clarke December 3, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, C: Correspondence 1961-1962 Box 76, Folder 76.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Richard La Force. [Filed under LP Correspondence, L: Individual Correspondence (Lacey - Lattimer) Box 212, Folder 212.2] 

  15 November 1962

  To: Dr. La Force

  From: Linus Pauling

  Subject: Research on Carbon-carbon Bond Lengths

  I should like you to carry out a somewhat routine research on carbon-carbon bond lengths in aromatic and conjugated molecules. I want to bring the discussion of this subject up to date, partly because I think that something new may be discovered in the course of the work and partly because the treatment in the last edition of The Nature of the Chemical Bond is sketchy.

  There are two standard ways of discussing the carbon-carbon bond lengths in naphthalene and other aromatic molecules. One is based upon the valence-bond discussion of these molecules and the other on the molecular-orbital discussion.

  I have contended that for naphthalene and similar molecules it is just about as good in applying the valence-bond discussion to use only the unexcited structures as to consider also the excited structures.

  A very simple consideration of the four unexcited structures for anthracene, page 237 of NCB, leads to bond lengths (using the values given in Table 7-9) in good agreement with experiment. Reference is made to MO calculations, which are said to give the same agreement.

  On page 238 a similar calculation for 1:14-benzbisanthrene is given. The agreement with experiment is again good. I don't know whether this molecule has been treated by the MO method.

  In Acta Cryst. for 10 October 1962 (15, 949) there is a paper on self-consistent bond lengths for tetracene and pentacene. The MO calculated bond lengths agree reasonably well with experiment.

  I suggest that you read the paper and the papers referred to, and also check the last few years of Acta Crystallographica and the Journal of the Chemical Society, where J. M. Robertson sometimes publishes, for experimental and MO theoretical values for various aromatic hydrocarbons, and also apply the valence-bond treatment with unexcited structures only to tetracene, pentacene, coronene (see J. M. Robertson's book on organic structures), and some other molecules of this sort. I should like to know to what extent the simple VB treatment gives calculated bond lengths in agreement with the MO treatment, and to what extent there is agreement with experiment.

  In the Acta Cryst. paper there is reference to exact self-consistent calculations for diphenylene. I'm not sure what this molecule is. In conjugated systems I think that the first excited structures have to be used. Perhaps a simple treatment of conjugated systems could be developed in which the first excited structures as well as the unexcited structures are considered, with the first excited structures given a standard weight, decided on in part empirically.

• Letter from Leslie Navran to LP RE: Tells LP that the Public Information Committee has been told that LP’s luncheon address on December 14 warrants a press conference. Asks LP some questions related to helping them prepare for one. [Letter from Harold Kelley to LP October 15, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, P: Correspondence, 1960-1963 314, Folder 314.3]  
• Letter from Walt Schroeder to LP RE: Tells LP that Dr. Perry asked him to send LP the attached manuscript. Says that he has sent extensive comments to Perry with the suggestion that Perry split the paper up into two separate ones. [Letter from LP to Perry October 24, 1962] [Letter from LP to Perry December 4, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, P: Individual Correspondence (Pais - Perry) Box 304, Folder 304.15] 
• Newsletter, “SANE World.” [Filed under LP Peace: (Publications by and about SANE, 1960-1964), Box #4.005, Folder #5.19] 
• Newspaper clipping: “Nobelinstituttet” AftenAdsten. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.351]
• Newspaper clipping: “Pauling Denies ‘Wrangling’” New York Times Paris Edition. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.348]
• Newspaper clipping: “På Blindern I dag” Dagbladet. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.351]
• Photo: An unidentified woman talking to Linus and Ava Helen Pauling at the Nobel Hall. Ava Helen looking at the camera. Oslo, Norway. “Nobel Hall, Oslo, November. 15, 1962.” Photographer unknown. Black and white print.  [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1962i.6]
• Photo: Ava Helen Pauling standing in front of a large bronze bust of Alfred Nobel. Oslo, Norway. “Nobel Hall, Oslo, November 15, 1962.”  Photographer unknown. Black and white print.  [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1962i.7]
• Photo: Linus Pauling at Nobel Hall. Oslo, Norway. “Nobel Hall, Oslo, November. 15, 1962.”  Photographer unknown. Color print. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1962i.4]
• Publication: “A Study of Sr-90 and Ca-137 in Norway 1957-1959,” Norwegian Defence Research Establishment. [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Strontium-90, 1961-1963: Box #7.014, Folder #14.15] 
• Telegram from Murray Goodman to Linda Hopkins RE: Says that a meeting was impossible to arrange and that he will contact LP to arrange a date for him to come to Pasadena to discuss editorial problems. [Letter from Hopkins to Goodman November 6, 1962] [Letter from LP to Goodman November 26, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, G: Correspondence, 1962-1965 Box 142 Folder 142.1] 
• Various receipts: Hotel Bristol, Oslo [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 

• Itinerary [handwritten]: Copenhagen [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary: LP and AHP leave Copenhagen at 11:55 PM, arrive in Los Angeles at 4:20 A.M. [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Allan F. Saunders to LP RE: Says that he turned over LP’s letter which encouraged Professor Turnbull to apply for a Guggenheim Fellowship to Professor Turnbull. Says that Turnbull has applied for the Fellowship and he hopes the application will be looked upon with favor. [Letter from LP to Saunders September 29, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, T:  Correspondence 1956-1963 Box 411, Folder 411.7]
• Letter from Francis Hoague, to LP. RE: Encloses the “correction” which was printed in the Wisconsin State Journal. Will go over it in more detail later. [Letter rom LP October 22, 1962] [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newspaper Clippings: Wisconsin State-Journal, 1962: Box # 3.058 Folder #58.7]
• Letter from Gladys Foreman to LP RE: Sends him a few poems that she wrote. Handwritten note near bottom right, “Ans’d.” [Filed under LP Correspondence, F: Correspondence, 1957 - 1966 Box 129, Folder 129.6] 
• Letter from Richard T. Jones to LP RE: Jones tells LP that it was good to see him and AHP at the Arden House Conference. Says that Emile indicated that he might be able to come to Portland when he is ready to separate tryptic peptides. Encloses a preliminary description of the procedure fro the automatic separation and detection of soluble tryptic peptides of hemoglobin. Asks if any more has been done with the paper on alkali denaturation of hemoglobin. [Letter from LP to Jones December 5, 1962] [Filed under J:Individual Correspondence (Johnson - Jukes) Box 190, Folder 190.6]
• Letter from S. J. Lent, Thos. Cook & Son, Inc. To LP RE: Offers to help arrange transportation to the Faraday Society meeting in London. [Letter from Linda Hopkins to Lent November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, F: Correspondence, 1957 - 1966 Box 129, Folder 129.6] 
• Letter from Tony Harris to LP RE: Asks a few questions about amino acids and DNA that came up while he was reading the chapter on biochemistry in General Chemistry. [Letter from LP to Harris November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 168 Folder 168.2]
• Letter from William A. Hicks, III to LP RE: Explains that he is a junior at Princeton University and is doing a paper entitled “Perspectives on Nuclear War and International Politics. Says that he has decided to write about LP’s views and was wondering if LP could answer a few questions for him and send some copies of his speeches and public statements. [Letter from LP to Hicks November 21, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 168 Folder 168.2] 
• Newspaper clipping: “16 millioner barneskjebner” Dagbladet. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.351]
• Newspaper clipping: “Pauling Denies ‘Wrangling’” New York Times Western Edition. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.348]
• Newspaper clipping: “To Do Justly” The Dallas Morning News. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.355]
• Various receipts: Hotel Bristol, Oslo [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 

• Check from AHP to Athenaeum for $5.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Brown & Welin for $5.20. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Driftwood Dairy for $6.49. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Mira Loma Mutual Water Co., Dr. for $59.72. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1]
• Check from AHP to Pantorium Dry Cleaners for $22.37. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Pasadena Star News for $6.75. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to San Luis Butane Distributors for $12.53. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Santa Anita Pools & Maintenance for $34.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Southern Calif. Edison Company for $51.68. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Southern Calif. Refuse for $24.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Standard Oil Company of California for $20.28. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Texaco Inc., for $6.90. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] 
• Check from AHP to The Society of the Sigma Xi for $4.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check stub to S. Calif. Gas Company for $14.64. [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 

• Check from AHP to J. E. Barrett, Tax Collector, RE: $237.70.  [Bank Statement from First Western Bank to LP and AHP January 22, 1963] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.027, Folder #27.2]
• Check from AHP to Southern Calif. Gas Company for $14.64. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] 
• Check from LP to Crellin Pauling for $6000.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check from LP to Green, Hennings, Henry, Evans & Arnold for $2500.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check from LP to J. E. Barrett, Tax Collector for $237.70 [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.2] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1]
• Check from LP to Lena B. Evans for $2200.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check from LP to Monterey Po. Tax Collector from $106.51. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check from LP to Tax Collector, LA County for $1758.47. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check stub from LP to Green, Hennings, etc., for $176.35. [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Letter from M.S. Arnoni, Editor, The Minority of One, to LP .RE: Arnoni hopes that LP will forward some back issues of the magazine to Bertrand Russell, so that Russell might write a supporting statement for TMO. He also requests that LP suggest to Russell that he become part of the Board of Sponsors. [Filed under: LP Safe Contents, Drawer 2, Folder 2.002]
• Letter from Mrs. Matthew Orvstin to LP RE: Tells him that she just finished No More War and was very impressed with it. Says that if there were more scientists like LP the world would be a better place to live in. [Letter from LP to Orvstin November 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, O: Correspondence 1937-1965 Box 300, Folder 300.24]

• Journal Article: “Peace Award,” C & EN, November 19, 1962. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1962: Box #1962n, Folder #1962n.36]
• Letter from Harry S. Truman to Lowell Watson RE: Congratulates LP on his services to mankind. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Individual Correspondence. (Topchiev-Tyler)) #408.5] 
• Letter from J. H. Sturdivant to D. H. Campbell, cc: LP and Professors Corey, Davidson, Roberts, and Swift RE: Discusses the reallocation of different spaces in the Church building. [Filed under LP Correspondence, Catchpool, John Francis, 1959-1994 #62.4] 
• Letter from LP to John Raeburn Green. RE: Sends a check for $2500. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from LP to Lewis C. Green. RE: Encloses a copy of his letter to Stanley Schaefer. Has not succeed in finding the letter mentioned in his deposition. Encloses a statement about the matter of Mrs. Newhouse’s necklace. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from LP to M. S. Arnoni. RE: Needs the exact wording of a paragraph in which the alleged anecdote was about him. Asks for him to check the files of the New York Post. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3]
• Letter from LP to Ralph B. Atkinson, RE: LP does not have a copy of the names of the second group of signers for the petition.  LP asks that Atkinson send him two copies as he needs them in a reply to a misleading article about the bomb test suits.  [Filed under LP Peace: (The bomb Test Suits, 1962-1964), Box #6.002, Folder #2.1]
• Letter from LP to Stanley Schaefer, W. H. Freeman and Company. RE: Asks for information about the sale of his books College Chemistry and General Chemistry. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3]
• Newspaper clipping: “Dr. Niels Bohr, Pioneer Atomic Physicist, Dies” LA Times. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.347]
• Receipt from First Western Bank for a deposit of $1290.20. [Filed under LP Biographical: Receipts: First Western Bank, 1959-1968: Box #4.030 Folder #30.2] 
• Receipt from First Western Bank for a deposit of $141.35. [Filed under LP Biographical: Receipts: First Western Bank, 1959-1968: Box #4.030 Folder #30.2] 
• Telegram from LP to W. Francis English, University of Missouri. RE: Suggests the title ‘The Cultural Significance of Science’. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box # 1962s Folder #1962s.26] 

• Card from Susumn Yamamoto, Mamberi Theoretical Physics, to LP RE: Comments on a passage from LP’s The Nature of the Chemical Bond. [Filed under LP Books: 1960b6.1]
• Check from AHP to Cal. Against State Executions RE: $5.00.  [Bank Statement from First Western Bank to LP and AHP January 22, 1963] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.027, Folder #27.2]
• Check from AHP to Cal. Against State Executions for $5.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.2] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Colby Nurseries for $16.72. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Friends of the Huntington Library for $10.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to National Parks Association for $15.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Scientific American for $11.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to The Alpha Chi Sigma By for $10.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from LP to Linda Hopkins for $200.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1]
• Handwritten note by LP, apparently to himself, titled "Richard La Force." Says that Professor Swift telephoned, and that LP went to his office, where he was told that La Force could work as a consultant to LP for not more than three months, and that he could submit bills to Mr. Gilmore for "Research Expenses." He says he agreed, and told La Force. [Filed under LP Safe Contents, Drawer 2, Folder 2.006]
• LP Notes to Self RE: Phone conversation with John Golden about the debate with Dr. Teller. [Filed under LP Correspondence, G: Correspondence, 1962-1965 Box 142 Folder 142.1] 
• Letter from G. V. Bykov, Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R. to LP RE: Concerns the origin of the additive constant. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R.), #7,5] 
• Letter from Gordon Christiansen to LP, RE: Christiansen will be in Pasadena during December 2nd through December 5th and hopes that he and LP will have a chance to meet.  Christiansen notes that Ray Hartsough of the American Friends Service Committee will be setting up Christiansen’s schedule for the trip.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am), Box #4.009, Folder #9.4]
• Letter from Henry Allen Moe to LP RE: Asks LP for his opinion of Drs. Alexander Rich and Jürg Waser, who have listed LP as a reference. [Letter from LP to Moe December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975). Box #14.015, Folder #15.9] 
• Letter from John D. French to LP RE: Thanks LP for speaking at the first presentation of the new Brain Research Institute series. Says he hopes it will be possible for LP to return when a more leisurely trip could be planned. [Filed under LP Correspondence, F: Correspondence, 1957 - 1966 Box 129, Folder 129.6]
• Letter from John Raeburn Green, to Henry Allan Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. RE: Is returning the copy of the Hearins before the Select Committee to Investigate Tax Exempt Foundations. Looks forward to meeting him if it becomes necessary for the trial. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from LP to Brother Columba Curran, University of Notre Dame. RE: Asks if he is willing to serve as a character witness for him in a libel suit against the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Encloses a reprint of another editorial from the Frontier magazine which mentions another libel suit that was settled out-of-court, and two articles about his appearance before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3]
• Letter from LP to Jerome Davis. RE: Asks for a copy of the tape of the program of the entire meeting as soon as possible. [Letter from Davis November 13, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20] 
• Letter from LP to John C. Schuder. RE: Informs him that it is impossible for him to arrive in time to do the radio and TV appearances. Informs him that this time in Columbia will be less than one day. [Letter from Schuder November 10, 1962, November 24, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.25] 
• Letter from LP to Mr. & Mrs. Frankel RE: Thanks them for their support regarding the Ghandian Peace Award ceremony and James P. Warburg’s comments. [Letter from Frankel to LP November 2, 1962] [Filed under LP Awards & Honors: Box #1961h-1963h, Folder #1962h.7]       
• Letter from LP to Vally Weigl. RE: Thanks her for the copy of the letter to Mr. Warburg. Encloses a copy for the letter to the New York Times. [Letter from Weigl November 20, 1962, November 25, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to AHP. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence: Peter Pauling, 1962: Box #5.044 Folder #44.3] 

  20 November 1962

  Dear Mamma,

  I was surprised and pleased to talk with you. I did not know you were around.

  Well about Christmas, what would you like? I can think of a lot of expensive things for us. A sewing machine perhaps. Thomas needs more corduroy trousers like the ones you sent: they do not have a name tag but are 24" around the outside of the pants waist and 28" from top of belt to end of cuff: same size, different colours. Sarah: school. Me: sub to sunset; polished steel wall sconce, 12" x 40", $15, from Munson-Williams. Procter Institute, 310 Genesee St. Utica 4, New York. I would probably have to pay duty but it is not very expensive.

  We shall probably have Christmas here. Julia's parents have moved into a smaller house. Angela is getting us a turkey I think. We are not in our house, but shall be sometime. We have all the permissions needed. It will be a marvelous place. I have been too frightened to get along with it but am doing so now. I have been doing other things too. You can get us some furniture next year (or enable us to get some.)

  Terribly pleased about Pat Brown and Tricky Dick.

  I do not know about next summer. It depends on someone supporting the work. I have applied to USPHS. Very uncertain. I may come anyway, particularly if you would care to invest some of your spare cash in PP's Automatic Scientific Instruments, Inc; a growing concern.

  love,

  Peter

• Letter from Peter Pauling to Linus Pauling Jr.. [Letter from Peter December 14, 1962] [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence: Peter Pauling, 1962: Box #5.044 Folder #44.3] 

  20 November 1962

  Dear Linus,

  I have been having a form of psychiatric treatment here for several months involving small doses of lysergic acid. This treatment has, I think, had a very great effect. I am very much stronger than I was, more sure of what I want, at ease with people to a much greater degree, more or less in control of my marriage, and so forth. I am capable of handling the parental relationship reasonably well, and am learning to handle that item neither you, I, nor Pa can be rational about: money, though I still have a way to go. I am not through yet, I still have a long way to go but am optimistic. I am still frightened but am hopeful.

  I know this treatment is not in favour in the United States, perhaps for the very reason why it is so valuable: easy and cheap. There is a group in California using it and another in North Carolina I think.

  I should like to ask that you come see us this Christmas. Linda mentioned you were going to Geneva. I think Julia is sufficiently happy and sufficiently unsevere social that you would enjoy her; I should certainly like to see you. If you were to come I should like to get you to see the people I treat with. I think this is a powerful method and you might consider coming here and trying it; learning it as a technique too. I do not know how long it takes to do permanent good; I suppose about a year.

  The leader of the LSD crowd here is a fellow named Ling. He is quite civilized in the sense of enjoying an urban environment. He often tries out the MD's secrecy on me and bulges his eyes when expounding the doctor's platitude but when he thinks about it he is very sensible and very pleasant. He has a private clinic, but is also consultant to a hospital. I am treated under the National Health Service which has two advantages: it is free and I get to meet another fellow named Buckman who is more scientific.

  Our house is going slowly, I think primarily because I have been frightened to get going and spend money. It is crazy because I have the money. It is going, however, and will be very nice. I have designed a sensible (I think) and aesthetic alteration. I hope you will come see it, both before and after. I regret it is not ready yet for you to stay in. You can give me some ideas on what to do and perhaps do them. I bought a number of tools (there is a much better selection of certain types of tools here than in the US, though that is not much consolation).

  I have just completed the design of an automatic gadget built out of plug-in logical blocks. It was quite fun and quite a lot of work. Valuable gadget though.

  I hope you can come see us. There are many things to talk about.

  [Peter Pauling]

• Letter from Virginia Baylor to LP RE: Talks about her work with the Canadian Peace Research Institute and the desire to have something in the U.S. Asks LP for more information about his ideas related to a World Peace Research Institute. [Letter from LP to Baylor December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1] 
• Letter from Zazuo Ono to LP RE: Explains that the manuscript is a preprint of their results from a study of electronic structures in prussian blues. Asks for LP’s comments on it. [Letter from Hopking to Ono October 17, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, O: Correspondence 1937-1965 Box 300, Folder 300.24] 
• Letter from unknown [signed, unreadable], California Institute Research Foundation, to LP. RE: Attaches a Foundation check for $476.28. [Filed under LP Biographical: Receipts, 1961-1962: Box #4.060 Folder #60.6] 

• Check from AHP to I. F. Stones Weekly for $20.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Roess Market for $33.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] 
• Check from LP to Am. Chem. Soc. for $29.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check from LP to Am. Cryst. Ass’n for $7.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1]
• Check from LP to Bennett Travel Agency for $1463.05. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check from LP to Cal. Inst. Tech for $7.46. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Handwritten note by LP, marked "CONFIDENTIAL:" LP explains that on the morning of NaN, 13 N Gunnar Jahn phoned him at the Bristol Hotel in Oslo and asked LP and AHP to come to his office at 11 am. He said to them, in presence of his secretary, Mrs. Elna Poppe, that he tried to get the Committee to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 1962 to LP. When most of the committee disagreed, Jahn told them "'If you won't give it to Pauling, there won't be any Peace Prize this year.'" [Filed under LP Safe Contents, Drawer 2, Folder 2.024]
• Letter from Arlene Blair, Secretary to Lewis C. Green, to LP. RE: Acknowledges his letter to Green. Informs him that both Mr. Greens will be engaged on November 18, but will be available on November 30. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from Bernard Kleban to LP RE: Encloses an editorial and interview that his son picked up in Finland that he thought might be of interest to LP. [Letter from LP to Kleban November 29, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, K: Correspondence 1957-1962 Box 201, Folder 201.6] 
• Letter from Dennis Flanagan to LP RE: Explains more clearly that he called LP because the man who wants to write the article had indicated that LP recommended that he get in touch with Scientific American. Asks what LP thinks about the merit of the work and whether or not Scientific American should print the proposed article. [Letter from LP to Flanagan December 13, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Organizational Correspondence (Sa - Sc) Box 374 Folder 374.9] 
• Letter from Ian Williams to LP, RE: Some students and faculty at the University of New Orleans are interested in forming a local group of SANE.  Williams would like to have some literature on how to set up a local group and any other advice that LP may be able to provide.   [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE, 1958-1966, 1982), Box #4.003, Folder #3.4]  
• Letter from John Raeburn Green, to LP. RE: Thanks him for his letter and the two checks. Discusses the character witnesses. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from LP to Arnold B. Larson RE: Says that he found Larson’s letter on his return from a European trip. Tells Larson that the letter arrived after he had already left Pasadena and he had not made arrangements for letters such as Larson’s to be sent on to him. [Letter from Larson to LP October 25, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, R: Correspondence, 1960-1963 Box 342 Folder 342.3]  
• Letter from LP to Francis Hoague. RE: Discusses the retraction of Wisconsin State Journal and the comment in Capital Times. Explains how the retraction has done even more damage. [Letter from Hoague November 16, 1962] [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newspaper Clippings: Wisconsin State-Journal, 1962: Box # 3.058 Folder #58.7]
• Letter from LP to Francis Hoague. RE: Informs him of their recent travels. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newspaper Clippings: Wisconsin State-Journal, 1962: Box # 3.058 Folder #58.7]
• Letter from LP to Gordon H. Bixler RE: LP encloses a letter [Letter from LP to the Editor of Chemical and Engineering News November 21, 1962] to the Editor of Chemical and Engineering News and expresses his regret that the article which his letter is about was not checked with him before publication. The letter is in response to an article published in the C & EN about his working for the ban on nuclear testing. LP also includes corrections that need to be made in the article. [Letter from Bixler to LP November 28, 1962 & Letter from LP to Bixler November 28, 1962] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder #6.5]
• Letter from LP to James P. Warburg. RE: Encloses a copy of the letter that he sent to the New York Times. Requests that he correct untrue statements made about him. Asks that he publish a letter in the New York Times to do so. [Letter from Warburg November 28, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20]
• Letter from LP to Jerome Davis. RE: Encloses a copy of his letter to the New York Times. Asks that he circulate it in his membership. Asks if he wrote to the Times. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20]
• Letter from LP to Jerry Donohue RE: Says that Donohue’s paper on interatomic distances seemed to be in fine shape and he will be interested to learn if it is accepted without change by the JACS. [Letter from Hopkins to Donohue October 30, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, D: Individual Correspondence (Dil - Dyson) Box 96 Folder 96.10] 
• Letter from LP to John Raeburn Green. RE: Informs him of relatives that are living in St. Louis and surrounding regions. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from LP to Lucile Pauling. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence: Lucile Pauling, 1962: Box #5.053 Folder #53.15] 

  21 November 1962

  Dear Lucile,

  Could you send me as soon as possible what information you have about grandfather and grandmother Pauling, where grandfather Pauling was born in Missouri, and when, where they were married, where our father was born, what relatives we now have in Missouri and Illinois, what you know about any other Blankens who are now living in Missouri. I need this information in connection with the libel suit against the St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

  Ava Helen and I had a fine time on the trip to Europe from which we have just returned. We were in Brussels, Belgium, and Oslo, Norway. I attended a scientific meeting, the Solvay Conference, in Brussels. Ava Helen and I were invited by the old queen, Queen Elizabeth (grandmother of King Baudouin), to a private luncheon with her, in her palace. She is 86 years old now, and is a lively and intelligent woman.

  With love, from

  [Linus Pauling]

• Letter from LP to Robert G. Heath RE: Tells him that it is no longer possible for him to spend the first week of December in the midwest as he had planned and will not be able to visit Heath’s lab. Says that he hopes he will be able to at a later date. [Letter from Heath to LP November 5, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 168 Folder 168.2] 
• Letter from LP to Wendell Weed RE: Tells Weed that he found only one important thing to be changed in the profile prepared from Mr. Lindsey’s interview with him. Says that at the end of the last paragraph, the expression “molecular disease” is used in a different way than LP uses it. Defines molecular disease as refering to those diseases in which abnormal protein molecules are manufactured under the control of abnormal genes. [Letter from Hopkins to Weed November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Organizational Correspondence (Ma - Mo) Box 254, Folder 254.13]                
• Letter from LP to William A. Hicks, III RE: Tells him that he doesn’t not have time to respond to the questions Hicks asked him because he is leaving on a trip, but says he is sending a good deal of material under separate cover. [Letter from Hicks to LP November 16, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 168 Folder 168.2] 
• Letter from Leo Rosten, Look Magazine to LP RE: Expresses appreciation for LP’s statement about Christmas and will send LP, under separate cover, a copy of “The Story Behind the Painting,” the art series they have been running on and off for the last five years. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1962), Box #1962a3, Folder #1962a3.4]
• Letter from Saul Caspe to LP RE: Thanks her for informing him that LP is out of town. [Letter from Hopkins to Caspe October 30, 1962] [Letter from LP to Caspe December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, C: Correspondence 1961-1962 Box 76, Folder 76.2] 
• Letter from Stanley Schaefer, President, W. H. Freeman and Company, to Lewis C. Green. Encloses a list of the schools using his two text books College Chemistry and General Chemistry. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3]
• Letter from Vally Weigl, to LP. RE: Thanks him for his note. [Letter from LP November 20, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20] 
• Note [handwritten] from Lawrie Sesson to AHP, RE: Says that she has enjoyed hearing of AHP’s travels and LP’s receipt of yet another honorary degree.  Sends the name of a photographer AHP requested, and addresses AHP’s comment on the anguish of the small countries in Europe.  [Filed under AHP materials re: Peace and Women: (Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom: 1959-1981), Box#4.001, Folder#1.1]
• Receipt from First Western Bank for a deposit of $701.70. [Filed under LP Biographical: Receipts: First Western Bank, 1959-1968: Box #4.030 Folder #30.2] 
• Reprint: “Editorial,” Medicine et Hygiene, Journal Suisse d’information Mེdicales. No. 20, p. 903. [Filed under LP Publications: (Publications of LP, 1962), Box #1962p, Folder #1962p.18]

• Invitation to LP and AHP, RE: Reception honors LP and AHP in celebration of the Nobel Peace Prize.  December 1, 1963 at the Aerospace Auditorium. [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Wo), Box #4.016, Folder #16.1]
• Letter from Helen Merrell Lynd to LP RE: Expresses her support for LP in his peace work and her regret and concern over what James Warburg did at the recent peace award meeting, as reported in the NY Times. [Letter from LP to Lynd May 16, 1963] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1] 

• Letter from George Wald to LP RE: Asks if LP would consider coming to Harvard as visiting professor in biology to give lectures in Wald’s introductory biology classes that he will miss due to being on sabbatical. Explains the program of the class. Handwritten note indicates that LP said no over the phone. [Filed under LP Correspondence, W: Individual Correspondence (Wald - Washburn) Box 431, Folder 431.1] 
• Letter from Jerome Davis, Promoting Enduring Peace, Inc., to LP. RE: Thanks him for his cooperation at the Gandhi Peace Award. Informs him that the ceremony was broadcasted over the radio all over the nation. Asks if he would like to contribute a chapter for his book. [Letter from LP December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20]                       
• Letter from John J. Banewicz, Southern Methodist University. RE: Informs him of the final plans for the symposium on Chemical Education. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box # 1962s Folder #1962s.27] 
• Letter from John Marica, to Voters for Peace. RE: Was happy to see the Pauling ad in the Times. Would like to know more about the group. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.353]
• Letter from John Raeburn Green, to LP. RE: Thinks his suggestion about interviewing the possible relatives in St. Louis is excellent. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from Lee J. Zukor to LP RE: Asks if LP would be able to write on article on blood from the polymer perspective for the Encyclopedia of Polymer and Plastics that will be released in 1963. [Letter from LP to Zukor November 29, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, E: Correspondence, 1960-1969 Box 113 Folder 113.3] 
• Letter from Leon Svirsky to LP RE: Discusses a book LP reviewed and the sales of the new edition of The Nature of the Chemical Bond. Asks LP if he has reached a stage in his research on the chemical aspects of mental illness and retardation to publish a book discussing his approach and findings generated so far. Says that Basic Books would be a suitable publisher. [Letter from LP to Svirsky December 5, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1]
• Letter from Lewis C. Green, to LP. RE: Keeps his deposition in St. Louis for him to examine. Hopes he will spend time with them approaching the character witnesses. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from Lois Gardner, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists to LP RE: Encloses an advance copy of Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists with LP’s published article “Genetic Effects of Weapon Tests” and encloses 50 tear sheets of his article. Encloses an order form for additional reprint orders. Handwritten note attached [LP’s?] asking: “Can we do better than this?” [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1962), Box #1962a3, Folder #1962a3.1]
• Note [handwritten] from Margaret Russell to AHP, RE: Informs AHP of new volunteer and expresses that AHP’s letter to H. Tucker was successful as Frances is now part of the Women’s International Liaison Committee.  Also mentions presence at the Oslo Conference. [Filed under AHP Correspondence: (Russell, Ralph and Margaret, 1961-1966), Box #1.006, Folder 6.13]
• Statement: “County of Los Angeles.”  Tax bill information for LP and AHP. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.002, Folder #2.9]

• Letter from John C. Schuder, Committee for Informed Opinion on Nuclear Arms, to LP. R:E Informs him of arrangements they have made for his time in Columbia. [Letter from LP November 20, 1962,] [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.25] 
• Letter from LP to Linda Hopkins RE: Asks her to changes his reservations to leave St. Louis, to write Mr. Green about his arrival time, and to telegraph Dr. English with his arrival time and tell him that he’ll be there Thursday evening and overnight. [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence 1961-1962 Box 168, Folder 168.2] 

• Letter from Henry Maust to LP RE: Tells LP that he thinks a petition drive to ask the President and Congress to change foreign policy and put the country on a peace time economy would be very effective in preventing nuclear war. Also says that he thinks that a good way to do this would be to take the profit out of armament manufacture. [Letter from LP to Maust December 5, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Correspondence 1962-1964 Box 259, Folder 259.1] 
• Letter from Jerome Davis, Promoting Enduring Peace, Inc., to LP. RE: Thanks him for his letter. Agrees that he should have had time to answer the charges. Is astounded by the actions of the New York Times. Asks his opinion of next year’s award. [Letter from LP December 5, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20]

• Envelope from First Western Bank:  Pasadena, California. [Envelope from First Western Bank October 24, 1962 and November 29, 1962] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.2]
• Letter from A. A. Fatuoros, The University of Western Ontario to LP RE: Fatuoros invites LP to speak at The University of Western Ontario during the 1963-1964 academic year. [Letter from LP to Robert W. Torrens October 23, 1962, Letter from LP to A. A. Fatuoros December 5, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1963-1965) #446.1]               
• Letter from Barclays Bank Limited to LP RE: The Bank sends LP his statements.  [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.038, Folder #38.2]
• Letter from David Baird Coursin to LP RE: Writes to LP for his confidential opinion on Dorothy Redlich as Coursin is looking to hire another person to work with his studies on vitamin B6. [Letter from LP to Coursin December 4, 1962] [Filed under LP Science: (Orthomolecular Medicine and Mental Health: Materials re: Ford Foundation grants for the study of mental disorders, 19555-1966), Box #11.089, Folder #89.11]  
• Letter from Donald A. Strickland to LP RE: Says that he would like to meet with LP in connection with research he is doing on the political attitudes and activities of natural scientists sometime during the week of December 10th. Note attached indicates that they met on December 14th. [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1]
• Letter from Ian Williams to LP, RE: Williams is hoping that LP can send him some details about SANE because students and faculty at the University of New Orleans are interested in forming a SANE group.  [Reply from Linda Hopkins December 18, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE, 1958-1966, 1982), Box #4.003, Folder #3.10]
• Letter from LP [dictated by LP and signed in his absence Linda Hopkins] to Virginia Apgar, National Foundation RE: Agrees that the gene should be referred to as part of a DNA molecule rather than as a DNA molecule. Asks Apgar to make the changes to his manuscript. [Letter from Apgar to LP November 12, 1962] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1962), Box #1962a2, Folder #1962a2.1] 
• Letter from LP to H. B. Bennett, H. B. Bennett Travel Agency RE: Encloses two unused tickets for reimbursement. [Filed under LP Correspondence, T:  Correspondence 1956-1963 Box 411, Folder 411.7]
• Letter from LP to Herman Harvey RE: Tells Harvey that his decision to be on the show Sum and Substance would depend on factors such as the length of time, whether the program is live or filmed ahead of time, and the way in which the programs are conducted. [Letter from Hopkins to Harvey October 31, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence 1961-1962 Box 168, Folder 168.2]
• Letter from LP to Judy Newman RE: Says he has done quite a bit of work in the field of biochemistry, but he is sending her a few accounts of his work under separate cover that should be sufficient for her paper. [Letter from Newman to LP November 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, N: Correspondence 1957-1964 Box 288, Folder 288.6]  
• Letter from LP to Maximo Baron RE: Thanks Baron for the letter and reprints. Says he is very interested to hear about Baron’s work on the cyclic tetramer of chloral. [Letter from Baron to LP November 7, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1] 
• Letter from LP to Mrs. Morton Hartz RE: Tells her he is sending an autographed copy of No More War! for the book fair under separate cover. [Letter from Hartz to LP November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, N: Correspondence 1957-1964 Box 288, Folder 288.6]
• Letter from LP to Murray Goodman RE: Tells him that he thinks he should withdraw from the Editorial Board because he does not think he will be able to serve effectively. [Telegram from Goodman to Hopkins November 15, 1962] [Letter from Goodman to LP February 11, 1963] [Filed under LP Correspondence, G: Correspondence, 1962-1965 Box 142 Folder 142.1] 
• Letter from LP to Professor B. Nikiforov, RE:   LP does not agree with Nikiforov that the matter of stopping tests is purely political and not at all legal.  LP believes that this is a matter which could be dealt with in the courts of the United States and the Soviet Union.  [Letter from Nikiforov November 26, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: (The Bomb Test Suits, 1962-1964), Box #6.002, Folder #2.1]
• Letter from LP to Richard J. Wattenmaker RE: Says that he looked over the material about the Barnes Foundation and has decided that it is too far removed from his principal fields of active interest for him to be able ta take a stand about it. Says he does not have the time to do the research that would be necessary for him to get involved. [Letter from Hopkins to Wattenmaker October 30, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1] 
• Letter from Lawrence Scott to LP, RE: Scott hopes that LP will give consideration to the attached proposal by the Peace Action Center.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Pe-St), Box #4.014, Folder #14.1]
• Letter from Linda Hopkins, Secretary to LP, to John Raeburn Green. RE: Informs him that LP is planning on coming to St. Louis on 30 November to spend time with him. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence re: Pauling v. Globe-Democrat Publishing Company, 1962: Box # 3.003 Folder # 3.3] 
• Letter from Lucile Pauling to LP, RE: Lucile has attached the information she found for LP on their family history, specifically their cousins. She says that Sheman Blauker(?) could probably give him the names of the Blauker(?) family. [Filed under LP Safe Contents, Drawer 2, Folder 2.025]
• Letter from [?] to LP RE: Written in German. Asks about LP’s views over the controversy of the harmless “training reactor” in Vienna. [Filed under LP Correspondence, G: Correspondence 1962-1965 Box 142, Folder 142.1] 

• Check from AHP to Anna Leskela for $47.37. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] 
• Check from AHP to Coleman Chamber Music Association for $16.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Jiro Sugita for $89.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] 
• Check from AHP to Pacific Telephone for $98.92. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to WSP Los Angeles for $6.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] 
• Check from LP to Statter-Hilton Dallas for $25.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Letter from LP to Alexander Robinson RE: Says that there are a number of papers published during the last few years in the Proceedings of the U.S. National Academy of Science and other journals deal with the problems Robinson mentioned. Also tells Robinson that Professor Max Delbruck in Germany has been interested in mathematical methods to the question of coding DNA. [Letter from Hopkins to Robinson 1031-62] [Filed under LP Correspondence, R: Correspondence, 1960-1963 Box 342 Folder 342.3]
• Letter from LP to C. V. Parkinson and Myrtle Lane RE: Tells them that he and AHP were grateful for the letter. Says they are trying to do their best. [Letter from Parkinson and Lane to LP October 30, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, P: Correspondence, 1960-1963 314, Folder 314.3]                
• Letter from LP to Catherine Sturtevant, Cornell University Press, RE: Describes some corrections to be made in the next printing of The Nature of the Chemical Bond. [Filed under LP Books: 1960b5.5]
• Letter from LP to Donald W. Cox RE: Says that he has asked his secretary to send Cox some of his reprints. [Letter from Cox to LP November 15, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, C: Individual Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 76 Folder 76.2] 
• Letter from LP to Donald W. Rogers RE: Says that he did mean a mixture of napthalene and cyclohexane, although a mixture of benzene and cyclohexane might be used to obation the resonance energy of benzene. [Letter from Rogers to LP November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, R: Correspondence, 1960-1963 Box 342 Folder 342.3]  
• Letter from LP to George H. Schneider RE: Tells Schneider that it is not possible to take legal action against Joe Pine because of the Constitutional freedom of speech. Says he is sending her some copies of reprints of “The Dead Will Inherit the Earth” under separate cover. [Letter from Schneider to AHP November 10, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1] 
• Letter from LP to J. Ernest Bryant RE: Thanks him for the letter. Tells Bryant that he agrees with his assessment of the situation, but he feels that if we work hard enough the nature of the world can be changed and a better future achieved. [Letter from Bryant to LP November 10, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1]
• Letter from LP to James A. Wilson RE: Thanks Wilson for his letter and contribution of $50. Talks about his peace activities during his recent trip to Belgium and Norway. [Letter from Hopkins to Wilson November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, W: Individual Correspondence, 1960-1962 Box 445 Folder 445.3] 
• Letter from LP to John Lechter RE: Sends Lechter a paper he wrote with Dr. Corey on the configuration of polypeptide chains in proteins, and refers Lechter to an article in the Scientific American. [Letter from Hopkins to Lechter November 9, 1962] [Letter from Lechter to LP December 15, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, L: Correspondence 1961-1963 Box 232, Folder 232.2] 
• Letter from LP to Lillian Spears RE: Suggests that Spears write to Mrs. Dagmar Wilson of Women Strike for Peace to inquire about peace groups in her area or about how to set up an Oklahoma branch. [Letter from Spears to LP November 11, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, S: Correspondence, 1962-1963 Box 382 Folder 382.1] 
• Letter from LP to Mary Ellen David. [Letter from David to LP November 7, 1962] [Letter from Terhune to LP December 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, D: Correspondence 1960-1966 Box 99, Folder 99.3] 

  27 November 1962

  Dear Miss David:

  I was pleased to receive your letter and to learn about your desire to receive my opinion about the study of English in high school.

  No matter what sort of life a person is going to lead, it is, I believe, of great value to him to be able to express his thoughts clearly, either in writing or orally. It is the purpose of studying English that the student should learn to do this.

  I hope that in your study of English you are given practice in public speaking, as well as in writing. My wife is an excellent public speaker. Only last week she gave a talk about the peace movement in the United States at a meeting attended by about 200 people, and she made a great impression on the members of the audience. I also spoke at that meeting, which was held in the Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo, Norway.

  My wife mentioned to me afterward that when she was a girl, in high school, she won a contest in public speaking that was participated in by students from other high schools in the State of Oregon. I think that she may be an excellent speaker now just because of the training that she received in high school.

  With best wishes to you, I am

  Sincerely yours,

  [Linus Pauling]

• Letter from LP to Mrs. Brody RE: Thanks her for the letter, and says he is glad to hear about the speech made by Professor Neal. [Letter from Hopkins to Brody October 31, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1] 
• Letter from LP to Mrs. Matthew Orvstin RE: Says he was happy to receive her letter and he is sending some material under separate cover. Tells her he has written several other books, but they are technical books on chemistry. [Letter from Orvstin to LP November 18, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, O: Correspondence 1937-1965 Box 300, Folder 300.24] 
• Letter from LP to Norman Glaser and Isabel Gammerman RE: Explains that their message arrived while he was out of town, and apologizes for being unable to send a message in time for Peace Week. [Letter from Glaser and Gammerman to LP October 18, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, G: Correspondence, 1962-1965 Box 142 Folder 142.1] 
• Letter from LP to Rhoda Marantz RE: Thanks her for her suggestion about further work on biochemical abnormalities associated with schizophrenia, and says he will keep it in mind for the future. [Letter from Hopkins to Marantz November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, M: Correspondence 1962-1964 Box 259, Folder 259.1] 
• Letter from LP to Robert G. Wright RE: Says that he thinks the program outlined by President Kennedy in his address of 25 September 1961 before the United Nations should be followed. Tells Wright that people should encourage the government to reach a bomb-test agreement without further delay. [Letter from Hopkins to Wright October 30, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, W: Individual Correspondence, 1960-1962 Box 445 Folder 445.3] 
• Letter from LP to T. L. Borrows, Peterhouse, Cambridge, RE: Thanks Borrows for pointing out a mistake in The Nature of the Chemical Bond.  Explains the accurate correction to the mistake. [Letter from Borrows to LP November 7, 1962] [Filed under LP Books: 1960b6.1]
• Letter from LP to Tony Harris RE: Answers the questions about amino acids and DNA Harris asked in his letter. [Letter from Harris to LP November 16, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, H: Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 168 Folder 168.2] 
• Letter from LP to William R. Feldman RE: Says that he is sending a reprint about the hemoglobin work under separate cover and that he thinks the synthesis of the compound mentioned has been attempted but he does not know who has done the work. [Letter from Feldman to LP October 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, F: Correspondence, 1957 - 1966 Box 129, Folder 129.6] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to S. J. Lent RE: Tells him that LP is not planning to attend the Faraday Society meeting. [Letter from Lent to LP November 16, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, F: Correspondence, 1957 - 1966 Box 129, Folder 129.6] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins, Secretary to LP, to First Western Bank and Trust Company RE: Requests that the enclosed bank book be updated and returned to LP. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.1]
• Letter from Linda Hopkins, Secretary to LP, to First Western Bank and Trust Company. RE: Encloses a bank book of LP’s. Asks that it be brought up to date and returned. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence: First Western Bank, 1959-1963: Box #4.030 Folder #30.1]
• Letter from Linda Hopkins, Secretary to LP, to Hotel Statler. RE: Requests a reservation for LP on the night of November 29. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box # 1962s Folder #1962s.26] 
• Letter from Malcolm Holmberg, Modesto Junior College, to LP. RE: Asks for the title of his talks and a picture for the newspapers. [Letters from LP and Hopkins December 4, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1963: Box #1963s Folder #1963s.2] 
• Notice of Payment Order: United California Bank by order of Universite Libre de Bruxelles. Inter-office memo to LP from [?] attached says “they will credit your account with these monies.” Includes addresses and the note “36,072 credit.” [Filed under LP Correspondence, U:  Correspondence 1936-1970 Box 421, Folder 421.20]
• Receipt from First Western Bank for a deposit of $1731.33. [Filed under LP Biographical: Receipts: First Western Bank, 1959-1968: Box #4.030 Folder #30.2]       

• Airline ticket: Continental Airlines, Los Angeles to Columbia, Missouri [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Boarding pass: flight from Los Angeles [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Check from AHP to Good Foods for $14.37. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] 
• Check from AHP to Pasadena Art Museum for $10.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from LP to Linda Hopkins for $100.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check from LP to Phil Cullom for $120.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check from LP to R. C. LaForce for $850.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1963: Box #4.077 Folder #77.1] 
• Check stub to Gazette & Daily York, Penn for $12.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Hotel bill: The Tiger Motor Hotel [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Dean W. Francis English; seminar, Chemistry Department in the afternoon [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary: LP leaves Los Angeles at 1:15 P.M., arrives in Columbia, Missouri at 9:35 P.M. [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from Aaron Bendich to LP RE: Says he is writing an article entitled “Nucleic Acids” for the Encyclopedia Americana and would like to use a few of LP’s figures. Asks permission to use them. [Letter from LP to Bendich December 5, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, B: Individual Correspondence, 1962-1964 Box 40 Folder 40.1] 
• Letter from Francis Hoague, to LP. RE: Cannot see how LP was damaged by the misquotation. Feels it is better that the Journal did not publish the sentence of his letter repeating the defamatory statement. Is awaiting a letter from Cates. [Letter from LP December 4, 1962] [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newspaper Clippings: Wisconsin State-Journal, 1962: Box # 3.058 Folder #58.7]
• Letter from Gordon H. Bixler to LP RE: Bixler says it will take a couple of days to check the background to the story they published about LP and will have a decision early next week. [Letter from LP to Bixler November 21, 1962, December 11, 1962] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder #6.5]
• Letter from James P. Warburg, to LP. RE: Encloses the letter he wrote to the New York Times. Hopes to have the opportunity to explain to him his opinions. [Letter from LP November 21, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.20]       
• Letter from LP to Editor, SANE World. RE: Objects to the untrue and damaging statements about him made in the article “Dr. Glass on Dr. Teller” published in SANE World on June 1, 1962. Asks him to publish this letter together with a statement by the editor.  [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newsletters: SANE World, 1962: Box #3.058 Folder #58.4]
• Letter from LP to Gordon H. Bixler RE: LP asks Bixler to revise a sentence of his letter sent for publication. [Letter from LP to Bixler November 21, 1962, December 11, 1962] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder #6.5] 
• Letter from LP to Homer A. Jack, Editor, SANE World. RE: Informs him that the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists has now published a letter by LP and a statement of regret by the editor about the original publication. Asks him to do the same. Encloses a letter to the editor.  [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newsletters: SANE World, 1962: Box #3.058 Folder #58.4]
• Letter from LP to Joseph M. McDaniel RE: Thanks McDaniel for the grant extension and expresses satisfaction with the current research. [Filed under LP Science: (Orthomolecular Medicine and Mental Health: Materials re: Ford Foundation grants for the study of mental disorders, 1955-1966), Box #11.088, Folder #88.11] 
• Letter from LP to Louise Andrews, RE: LP and AHP have decided that they will not do a lecture tour with the American Friends Service Committee during 1963-1964.  LP already plans to be a visiting professor for part of the year to the University of Wisconsin and due to that he does not think that his schedule could handle the lecture tour.  [Andrews’ letter November 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am), Box #4.009, Folder #9.4]
• Letter from LP to Mr. and Mrs. Eaton, cc: Mr. Bloomstein RE: Tells them that he has become associated with a new publishing house and was asked to write them and introduce Mr. Bloomstein, the organizer. Discusses his recent trip and the lack of news coverage for his lecture in Columbus. Talks about the New York Times misrepresenting the presentation of the Ghandi Peace Awards to James Warburg and himself.  [Filed under LP Correspondence, E: Individual Correspondence (Eastman - Eide) Box 106, Folder 106.2]
• Letter from LP to Philip Eastman RE: Encloses his signature for the public appeal. Says he is glad to give his support to this strong effort. [Letter from Eastman to LP October 27, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, I: Correspondence 1936-1973 Box 185, Folder 185.23] 
• Letter from LP to R.P. Little RE: LP thanks Little for the article he wrote and notes that he and AHP have made use of the article in their talks.  [Letters from Little to LP May 11, 1962, October 16, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Fallout and Radiation Shelters, and Civil Defense, 1962-1965: Box #7.008, Folder #8.10]
• Letter from LP to Ronald A. Wolk, Johns Hopkins Magazine. RE: Has not received a reply for three months. Explains the connections between what was published in the Johns Hopkins Magazine and the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Asks that this letter be published in a forthcoming issue of the Johns Hopkins Magazine.  [Filed under LP Biographical: Publication, Correspondence: Johns Hopkins Magazine, 1962-1963: Box # 3.058 Folder #58.9]
• Letter from Silviu Brucan, Vice President, Comitetul de Radiodifuzine si Televiziune, to LP RE: Brucan informs LP that there will be a cycle of broadcast on the topic, “Could 1963 be the year of a decisive step towards the cessation of the arms race and the consolidation o peace all over the world?” Brucan asks LP to send a tape recording of his response to the preceding question. [Letter from LP to Brucan April 8, 1963] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence), #77.1]  
• Newspaper clipping: “U.S. Easing Terms on Test-Ban Posts” New York Times. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.315]
• Notes [handwritten]: No Title, Committee for Informed Opinion on Nuclear Arms. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.25]

• Check from AHP from Sunset Magazine from $4.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] 
• Envelope from First Western Bank:  Pasadena, California. [Envelope from First Western Bank November 26, 1962 and December 3, 1962] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.2]
• Hotel bill: The Statler-Hilton, St. Louis [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: Convocation speaker at the University of Missouri; “The Cultural Significance of Science” [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from AHP to Mr. Porter RE: AHP gives permission to transfer funds in bank account to cover the overdraft fee.  [Receipt from First Western Bank to LP and AHP July 3, 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.1]
• Letter from C. J. Lambertsen to LP RE: Invites LP to speak at a symposium on the biomedical problems of diving. Asks him to present a paper on inert gas narcosis or suggest someone else to do so if he cannot. [Letter from LP to Lambertsen December 7, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, N: Correspondence 1957-1964 Box 288, Folder 288.6]  
• Letter from James G. Cunningham and John R. Dixon to LP RE: Invites LP to speak at Purdue under the sponsorship of the Unitarian-Universalist student group there. [Letter from LP to Cunningham and Dixon December 7, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, P: Correspondence, 1960-1963 314, Folder 314.3]  
• Letter from LP to Barbara Juskowitz RE: Says that he is sending her a copy of his paper on anesthesia under separate cover and that contains almost everything he knows about the subject. Sends his best wishes to her in connection with her project. [Letter from Juskowitz to LP November 14, 1962] [Filed under J: Correspondence 1933-1934, 1936-1964 Box 192, Folder 192.28] 
• Letter from LP to Bernard Kleban RE: Thanks Kleban for sending the editorial and interview. Says that he had not seen either of the publications except that he has seen the same interview published in another magazine in a different language. [Letter from Kleban to LP November 21, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, K: Correspondence 1957-1962 Box 201, Folder 201.6] 
• Letter from LP to Chester Carlson RE: Discusses a letter he received from Professor George W. Casarett clarifying his work with dogs and life span. Gives his thoughts on Dr. Szilard’s Council for Abolishing War. Talks about his and AHP’s trip. [Letter from Carlson to LP November 14, 1962] [Letter from Carlson to LP December 1, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence: C: Individual Correspondence (Caen - Cassyd) Box 57, Folder 57.11] 
• Letter from LP to George Casarett, RE: LP thanks Casarett for his letter which has cleared up misunderstandings relating to the article.   [Letter from Casarett October 22, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace:  (Materials re: Fallout and Radiation Shelters, and Civil Defense, 1962-1965), Box #7.008, Folder #8.10]
• Letter from LP to Lee J. Zukor RE: Says that he is too busy to be able to write an article for the Encyclopedia of Polymers and Plastics. [Letter from Zukor to LP November 23, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, E: Correspondence, 1960-1969 Box 113 Folder 113.3] 
• Letter from LP to Richard C. Bray RE: LP has thought about some of the same ideas that Bray presented in his letter and briefly discusses them. Suggests that McCulloch might be interested in these problems as well. [Letter from Bray to LP November 9, 1962] [Filed under LP Science: (Materials re: Anesthesia Research, 1959-1983), Box #12.001, Folder #1.3] 
• Letter from Linda Hopkins to Frank M. Jordan RE: Requests a complete tally of votes received by write-in candidates. Says she understands that on or before 16 December a report will be issued that will include the requested information. Asks for two copies if this information is correct. [Filed under J: Correspondence 1933-1934, 1936-1964 Box 192, Folder 192.28] 
• Letter from Peggy Duff to LP, RE: Duff is enclosing a document “After Cuba: Steps Towards Peace.” [Filed under LP Peace: (Oxford Conference, January 4-7, 1963), Box #2.006, Folder #6.2]  
• Newspaper clipping: “Pauling Calls for Rational Attach on World Problems” Columbia Tribune. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.352]
• Newspaper clipping: “Pauling Says War Threat Must Vanish” St Louis Dispatch. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.352]
• Program: Arts and Science Week, University of Missouri. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.352] 
• Schedule: 9:15 A.M., conference with Deans Raymond Peck and Henry E. Bent; 10:10 A.M., conference with Dean W. Francis English; 10:40 A.M., convocation and address “The Cultural Significance of Science”; 2:30 P.M., chemistry seminar, “Molecular Theory of General Anesthesia”; reception with honors students; 5 P.M., dinner with Dean Bent [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Typescript: ‘The Cultural Significance of Science’, Summary of Convocation Address, University of Missouri. [Filed under LP Speeches: Speeches by LP, 1962: Box #1962s Folder #1962s.26] 

  Summary of Convocation Address, University of Missouri

  Columbia, Missouri

  29 November 1962

  THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SCIENCE

  by Linus Pauling

  In speaking of the cultural significance of science I use the word cultural to mean pertaining to and conducive to culture, and the word culture to mean the intellectual content of civilization, the enlightenment and refinement of taste, conversance with and taste in the fine arts, humanities, and science, the understanding of the nature of the world in which we live, and the appreciation of its wonders.

  During recent decades science has become a more and more important part of the world. Discoveries made by scientists have given us a far more penetrating and extensive understanding of the nature of the world, both inorganic and organic, then was had by our ancestors. Most of the significant new knowledge obtained year after year is now scientific. In order to be a cultured person, it is now necessary to have an understanding of science. I hope that each one of you students is spending some time on the study of science.

  A knowledge of science is, of course, of great practical value in the modern world. But I believe that it is of still greater value in contributing to one's happiness, through the satisfaction of one's intellectual curiosity about the nature of the world. I hope that each one of you will continue with the study of science to such an extent as to enable you to read the articles in the Scientific American with appreciation.

  Who is there who can fail to find pleasure in the discovery, made a few years ago, that the neutrino is not a simple elementary particle with zero rest-mass and zero electric charge, but instead has the extraordinary property of behaving like a little propeller -- and always like a right-handed propeller, with the anti-neutrino behaving like a left-handed propeller? Who is there who, knowing that at the present time it has been shown that there are two kinds of neutrinos, one related in some way to the electron and the other related in some way to the muon, is not full of curiosity about the nature of the difference between these two neutrinos?

  Who is there who is not astonished that scientists have been able to discover that the source of energy in supernovae, those stars that suddenly flare into tremendous brightness and then die away, is the radioactive decay of the nuclide Californium 254? This discovery was made by scientists who noted that the supernovae decay to half their intensity in the period of 55 days; this period, 55 days, is the half-life of only one nuclide, Californium 254. Already in the year 1066 A.D. Chinese astronomers had noted that a great supernovae then flaming in the heavens decayed to half its intensity in 55 days; but nearly 900 years had to go by before science had developed to the extent where it was possible to explain this observed half life.

  The molecular structure of the human body is now being investigated with great vigor. The nature of the molecules of DNA that carry the units of heredity, the genes, has now been discovered, and the way in which these molecules can manufacture duplicates of themselves is believed to be known. The molecular basis of some diseases, called molecular diseases, is now known. Some years ago it was discovered in our laboratory in Pasadena that patients with the serious disease sickle-cell anemia manufacture a kind of hemoglobin molecule that is slightly different from those hemoglobin molecules manufactured by other people. The difference amounts to only one part in 300 in the structure of the hemoglobin molecule; but even this small difference is enough to produce the serious manifestations of the disease.

  Work on the amino-acid sequence of the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin molecules of different animals is leading to a greater understanding of evolution. The polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin molecules of the gorilla differ from those of humans by only one part in 146 in one chain and two parts in 141 in the second chain. The difference between the chains of horse and human amounts to about 18 parts in 141 or 146. With further study in this field it will become possible to discuss in a significant way the biochemistry of animals that lived 100 million or 500 million years ago.

  The discoveries in the field of nuclear science have changed the nature of war. To appreciate how great the change has been we must make use of the methods of science, and in particular must discuss war in the quantitative manner characteristic of science.

  People who are unaccustomed to making use of large numbers have difficulty understanding how many molecules of water there are in a glass of water, or how far away the stars are. They may also have the same difficulty in understanding the change that has taken place in the world during the last 17 years as a result of the development of nuclear weapons.

  During the Second World War about 40 million people were killed. Three-tenths of one percent of the American people were killed in the war. In some other countries, however, the losses were 50 times as great -- about 15 percent of the people in some countries were killed. The Second World War was fought largely with ordinary explosives, with bombs such as the one-ton blockbuster, which might, when it exploded, kill 100 people. About three million tons of high explosive was used in bombs exploded during the Second World War. In modern nomenclature, the war was a three-megaton war.

  The atomic bombs exploded at Hiroshima and Nagasaki had the explosive energy of 20,000 tons of TNT. They killed about 100,000 people apiece.

  The present-day superbombs have explosive energy about a thousand times more powerful than the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs. A 20-megaton superbomb has explosive energy seven times that of all the explosives used in the whole of the Second World War. One of these bombs exploded over New York would destroy it nearly completely, and might kill as many as 10 million people.

  It is estimated that 2,000 megatons of bombs exploded over the United States would probably kill half of the American people, and 4,000 megatons exploded over the Soviet Union would kill half of the Russian people. 10,000 megatons exploded over the United States and 20,000 megatons exploded over the Soviet Union would kill or seriously injure all but a few million people, perhaps two million people, in each country.

  The stockpile of nuclear weapons possessed by the United States is now estimated to be 200,000 megatons. This is 50 times the amount estimated to be needed to kill half of the Russian people, and ten times the amount needed to kill practically all of them. The stockpile of the Soviet Union can only be guessed at; it may be 50,000 megatons.

  Possessing a larger stockpile of bombs than is necessary to kill everybody in an enemy country is described as having an overkill capability.

  Only by thinking about these numbers can we reach a rational and sensible decision about the course which the world should follow. A part of the present-day cultural significance of science is that unless the people of the United States and the Soviet Union and of other nations attack the problem that the world now faces in a scientific and rational way, all culture may be destroyed in a nuclear war. I believe that the application of the discoveries made by scientists in the development of great nuclear weapons which, if used, could destroy civilization requires that war and the threat of war be abandoned as the instruments of national policy, and requires that we move toward a world governed by justice and international law and not by force. If this end is achieved, we may say that science has made the greatest of all possible contributions to culture. If it is not achieved, culture and civilization will no longer be found on earth.

• Article: “Stockpiling to Survive a Nuclear Attack,” Science. [Filed under LP Peace: (Materials re: Fallout and Radiation Shelters, and Civil Defense, 1962-1965), Box #7.008, Folder #8.9]
• Boarding pass: flight to Los Angeles [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Check from AHP to American Museum of Natural History RE: $5.00.  [Bank Statement from First Western Bank to LP and AHP January 22, 1963] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.027, Folder #27.2]
• Check from AHP to American Museum of Natural History for $5.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.2] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Santa Anita Pools & Maintenance for $34.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also[Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Standard Oil Company of Calif. for $20.05. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Check from AHP to Texaco Inc. for $5.45. [Filed under LP Biographical: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks: First Western Bank, January 1962-December 1962: Box # 4.027 Folder #27.1] also [Filed under LP Biographical: Check Registers, 1961-1962: Box # 4.076 Folder #76.5] 
• Contract Status Report: Contract Nonr-220 (33), Chemistry 43 Acct. 65071, Director of Research: LP, November 30, 1962. [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Memoranda, Notes and Assorted Materials re: “The Structure of Metals and Intermetallic Compounds”, Contract Nonr 220(33) (Chemistry 43), 1958-1963), Box #14.035, Folder #35.1] 
• Contract Status Report: Contract Nonr-220 (38), Chemistry 49 Acct. 65070, Director of Research: Dr's. R.B. Corey and LP, November 30, 1962. [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Memoranda, Notes and Assorted Materials re: “Structure and Properties of Proteins and Synthetic Polypeptides”, Contract Nonr 220(05) (Chemistry 32), 1951-1963), Box #14.032, Folder #32.2] 
• Coupon: TWA, upgrade from Coach to First Class; flight from St. Louis to Los Angeles [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Itinerary [handwritten]: in St. Louis [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2]
• Itinerary: LP leaves St. Louis at 6:20 P.M., arrives in Los Angeles at 7:55 P.M. [handwritten] he will rent a car evening of 29 November and drive to St. Louis [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.2] 
• Letter from James Powell to LP RE: Asks about the possibility of LP debating William Buckley at the University of Chicago on April 17, 1963. [Letter from LP to Powell December 11, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, P: Correspondence, 1960-1963 314, Folder 314.3]  
• Letter from LP to Lucy Cushing RE: Says that he and AHP will not be able to attend the World Affairs Institute. Says they were pleased to see her, Dolly, and Sam when they visited Deer Flat Ranch and hopes they stop by again. [Letter from Cushing to LP November 14, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, C: Individual Correspondence, 1961-1962 Box 76 Folder 76.2] 
• Letter to the Editor: “Structure and Function in Mammalian Hemoglobins,” Science, Vol. 138, November 30, 1962. RE: LP has marked this letter written by Austen Riggs of the University of Texas. [Filed under LP Science: (Non-Pauling Reprints re: Hemoglobin research, 1960s-1980s). Box #6.011, Folder #11.1]
• Magazine article: “Hemoglobin: Molecular Structure and Function, Biosynthesis, Evolution and Genetics” Science. [Filed under LP Biographical: Scrapbooks: Box #6.008 Folder #8.349]
• Memo from LP to Arletta Townsend RE: Asks her to make out a requisition for him to sign and then send it to the business office labeled for the attention of Mr. Gilmore. Explains that the requisition is to say three payments of $850 each to be made to LP, constituting an allowance for research expenditures from the Anonymous Fund. [Filed under LP Biographical: (California Institute of Technology: Assorted Financial Materials, 1945-1965), Box #1.032, Folder #32.5] 
• Note from First Western Bank to LP and AHP. RE: Informs them that they have charged $9500.00 to their savings account. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence: First Western Bank, 1959-1963: Box #4.030 Folder #30.1] 
• Pay stub from CIT to LP for $1666.67. [Filed under LP Biographical: Receipts, 1961-1962: Box #4.060 Folder #60.6] 
• Photo: Sketch of Linus Pauling in profile by Helmuth Nathan. Correspondence with Helmuth Nathan included. 30 November 1962. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1962i.32]
• Receipt from First Western Bank to LP RE: “Advice of Charge.” $9,500.00.  [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.1]
• Typescript: “National Budget Report 1962-63"[Filed under LP Biographical: Notebook, no title, 1956-1964: Box #4.080 Folder #80.1]