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• Applications to the Claremore Fund from Participants in the Oslo Conference. [Filed under LP Peace:  (Confidential Record: Oslo Conference, May 2-7, 1961.  Copy 1 of 8, Copy 2 of 8), Box #2.005, Folder #5.3]
• Article: “Blood Typing of Marine Animals.” Publication Unknown, May 1961. RE: LP has marked the front page with a note stating “see p.8 for a bomb fallout”. [Filed under LP Science: (Non-Pauling Reprints re: Hemoglobin research, 1960s), Box #6.010, Folder #10.1] 
• Article: “Education for Chemists” by Gustav Albrect, Scalacs. [Filed under LP Correspondence: A: Individual Correspondence (Albercht, Gustav): Box #4 Folder #4.1]
• Confidential Record, “Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons.” [Copy 1 of 8] [Filed under LP Peace: (Confidential Record: Oslo Conference, May 2-7, 1961.  Copy 1 of 8, Copy 2 of 8), Box #2.005, Folder #5.1]
• Confidential Record, “Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons.” [Copy 2 of 8] [Filed under LP Peace: (Confidential Record: Oslo Conference, May 2-7, 1961.  Copy 1 of 8, Copy 2 of 8), Box #2.005, Folder #5.2]
• Copies of Oslo Conference Letterhead. [Filed under LP Peace:  (Confidential Record: Oslo Conference, May 2-7, 1961.  Copy 1 of 8, Copy 2 of 8), Box #2.005, Folder #5.4]
• Draft Agenda “Oslo Meeting, May 2-7.”  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.5]
• Drafts of Typescripts: Preliminary and edited drafts of the typescript “Thalassemia and the Abnormal Human Hemoglobins.” [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.9] 
• Letter from Howard Gruber to LP, RE: Gruber is sending LP his copy of the petition and thanks LP for the opportunity to sign.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]       
• Letter from Stephen King-Hall, RE: King-Hall is astonished that his proposal was rejected at the Conference.  While the Conference was held in private, King-Hall feels that he should be able to publicly discuss what happened to his proposal and that he wants to know why it was rejected.    [Reply from LP May 9, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.3]
• Letter from Virginia Mill to LP, RE: Mill is asking if LP will be able to spare some time soon to talk about the Conference.  Mill also needs to get a hold of a copy of the Oslo Statement because the New York Times and the AP would like to have a copy. [Reply from LP [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]
• Magazine Article: “Who’s Sane?” by Charles W. Wiley.  The American Legion Magazine. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.40]
• News Journal: “Sanity,” published by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, May 1961 3d.   [Filed under AHP materials re: Women and Peace: (Assorted Publications: SANE), Box#4.006, Folder#6.3]
• Newsletter, “Democratie Mondiale Toward World Democracy.” [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Co-Ev), Box #4.011, Folder #11.7]       
• Newsletter, “Four Lights,” Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. [Filed under LP Peace: (Issues of International Diplomacy and Human Rights, Cu-Ir), Box #6.014, Folder #14.1]
• Photo: Ava Helen and Linus Pauling exiting a Scandinavian Airlines System plane. New York, New York. Photograph Courtesy of Scandinavian Airline System. Photographer unknown. Black and white print. 1961. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1961i.23]
• Photo: Group portrait from the Oslo Conference. Ava Helen and Linus Pauling (front row, center) sitting. Oslo, Norway. "Fotograf Wilse Oslo" Seven copies. Photographer unknown. Black and white print. 1961. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1961i.24]
• Photo: The Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons. Oslo, Norway. "Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, arranged by LP & AHP 1961 / [Oslo], Norway / Fotograf WILSE Oslo / LP & AHP in front row / Please return to Linus Pauling." [Correspondence included.] Photographer unknown. Black and white print. 1961. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1961i.32]
• Publication: WRL News, War Resisters League, May-June 1961.  [Filed under AHP materials re: Peace and Women: Box#4.010, Folder#10.9]
• Reprint: “Nobelpriesträger Prof. Linus Pauling,” Pro: Die Liga Deutschlands Erneuerung und Völkerverständigung, No. 5, pp. 12-14. [Filed under LP Publications: (Publications of LP, 1961), Box #1961p, Folder #1961p.30]
• Typescript, “A Personal Journal of the Oslo Conference,” Francis Herring. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.5]  
• Typescripts: Dr. Harvey Itano and LP were working on “Thalassemia and the Abnormal Human Hemoglobins” as a Letter to Nature during the month of May 1961. It was published in Nature 191, no. (July 1961): 398-399. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.9]
• “Oslo Statement Adopted Unanimously by the Participants in the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, Oslo, Norway, 2 to 7 May 1961.”  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.1]

• Advice Note from The Universities Press to LP RE: Encloses two sets of galley proofs of “Tetra” Manuscript No. 574 entitled “The Carbon-carbon Triple Bond and the Nitrogen-nitrogen Triple Bond.” [Manuscript April 5, 1961] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.4]               
• Letter from D. Michael Morandini, Executive Secretary, and Charles W. Thurlow, Treasurer, World Committee on Peaceful Cooperation, to Toshihiro Nakano, Secretary General, The International Foundation for Cultural Harmony, RE: Describes the World Committee on Peaceful Cooperation and what it hopes to accomplish.  Asks that the International Foundation for Cultural Harmony also take part in their plans. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Organizational Correspondence. (Ca-Ca)), #69.2]
• Letter from F. Albert Cotton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to LP RE: Requests permission to use figures from the third edition of The Nature of the Chemical Bond in a book he is writing with G. Wilkinson entitled Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. [Letter from LP to Cotton May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Books: 1960b6.1]
• Letter from Gerald Wendt, The Humanist to LP RE: Regrets that he could not attend the Cleveland meeting of the American Humanist Association due to a lecture tour. Thanks LP for sending the manuscript of his address as Humanist of the Year and tells him it will be published in the March/April issue due to his delays because of his lecture tour. Informs LP that he has made some changes and sends LP a corrected version of the manuscript. Also suggests some other changes LP might want to make. [Letter from LP to Wendt March 11, 1961] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box  #1961a, Folder #1961a.7]
• Letter from Gunther Anders to LP and AHP, RE: Thanks LP and AHP for their letters.  Discusses Eatherly and his “recapture,” as well as Anders’s action to make sure that Eatherly is not forgotten.  Also mentions sending another copy of a book, and offers best wishes for the new year.  Handwritten note at the bottom saying that Schrodinger has died from an asthma attack. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4]
• Letter from Linda Hopkins, LP’s secretary, to Esther Chase RE: Encloses two copies of LP’s article on aging and death. [Letter from Chase to LP’s secretary April 28, 1961] [Filed under LP Science: (The National Foundation, 1959-1962), Box #14.024, Folder #24.1] 
• Letter from Susumu Yamamoto to LP RE: Thanks LP for sending a copy of No More War! and remembers his visits to Hiroshima University in Japan. Hopes to see LP and study in California sometime in the future. [Filed under LP Books: 19584.1]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Top Scientists  to attend Oslo peace meeting,” National Guardian, May 1, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.78]  
• Publication: The Reed, Vol.1, No.5. [Filed under AHP Biographical: (Publications and Newspaper Clippings Collected by AHP, 1933-1981, No Date.), Box#3.022, Folder#22.15]

• Dr. L. Eberson Notes RE: Outlines two suggestions for the Conference: that scientist by reminded of their responsibility to take interest in the consequences of science and that it must be clearly stated that no wars are possible in the nuclear age. May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• Harald Ofstad [?] Notes: Briefly outlines three points that could be included in the Oslo Statement. May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8]
• Itinerary: Oslo, Norway [handwritten] [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• J. Ogawa Notes RE: “Urgent Remarks to the Draft Statement.” Lists five points on the changes he thinks should be made. May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• LP notes RE: Statement encouraging disarmament. May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• LP notes RE: States the opinion of the conference that the spread of nuclear weapons to other nations would damage the world in three main ways: increases the chance of nuclear war, make peace even more difficult, and increases the reliance on military might rather than on the value of human life. May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• Letter from Alexis Pappas to Robert Schutz, RE: Pappas will not be able to attend the meetings on May 5th and May 6th, because of this he will not be present to draft the statement of the Conference.  Pappas explains that this is why he must know if committing himself to attending the Conference means that he is obligated to sign the statement that will be produced.  [Shutz’s letter April 21, 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.002, Folder #2.2]
• Letter from C.A. Hilgartner, MD, to LP, RE: Dr. Hilgartner enjoyed meeting LP at Dr. Wilson’s house, and would like to know if he has any openings in LP’s group for work regarding the central nervous system. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #168.1] 
• Letter from Francis Hoague to LP RE: Updates LP on the lawsuit and mentions that he was able to talk to Harry Green, who is probably the top authority in handling libel actions from a plaintiff’s standpoint. Writes that he received the Answer of the Bellingham Publishing Company, which denies the allegations are untrue and that LP has been damaged. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Pauling v. Bellingham Publishing Company, 1960-1963, 1965), Box #3.001, Folder #1.8] 
• Letter from Gabriel Thomas, to LP. RE: Informs him of his current work. Encloses a description of the process. [Letter from LP March 22, 1961, May 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1960) #411.5] 
• Letter from Harvey Itano, Public Health Service to LP RE: Itano has struggled with writing a letter to Nature, but has enclosed a preliminary draft without references for LP to look at. After he receives LP’s opinion about the general approach of the letter he will write a draft with references for LP to criticize. [Drafts of Typescripts May 1961] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.9]
• Letter from J.W. Connforth to LP, RE: Connforth regrets that his absence in Australia prevented him from signing LP’s appeal before the deadline.  Connforth is still submitting his signature and hopes that it can be of some help.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from John Barker to LP, RE: Barker would like to have three copies of the petition. [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Julie P. Lewis, Secretary to David Ridgway, to LP [attn: Joan Harris] RE: Sends letter to confirm the loan on the three films. Includes address of where films are to be sent and they will be returned immediately after they are shown. [Letter from Hopkins to Lewis May 19, 1961] [Filed under LP Science: (National Science Foundation: Grants, Exhibits, 1954-1964), Box #14.030, Folder #30.5] 
• Letter from Kay Drey to LP, RE: Drey is sending LP two of the three petitions back with signatures on them. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4] 
• Letter from M. Feigen, Scientific Research Society of America, to LP. RE: Was greatly disappointed that LP was not available to speak before the STL branch of RESA during 1960. Extends an invitation for him to speak at a future RESA dinner meeting. [Letter from LP May 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from Margaret Russell to AHP, RE: Russell hopes that the Conference will be a success.  Russell has about 60 more signatures for the Appeal and hopes to be getting 20 more.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from Marian Dockhorn, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, to LP, RE: The San Francisco to Moscow Walkers will be in Bucks County, northeast of Philadelphia, on May 22nd. Earl Robinson will come from New York that evening to perform his new UN cantata, "The Preamble to Peace." Is there a chance that LP and AHP could attend? P.S. If both LP could not come, might AHP come alone? [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960, 1962), #445.2]
• Letter from Tom Wilson to LP, RE: Wilson is returning his signed petition for LP.  Wilson is planning to print something about LP’s fight again nuclear weapons in the next issue of “Northwest Challenge.”  Wilson asks if there is anything in particular that LP would like to have written about him and his work.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of the Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter to Dr. DuBridge, RE: A Caltech alumnus is growing increasingly concerned about the effect of LP’s “extracurricular” activities on the image of the university, and believes that something should be done to influence LP to reexamine his political views and restrict his activities. [Letter from Dr. DuBridge to LP, May 8, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (D: Individual Correspondence. (Dil-Dyson)), #96.16] 
• List of Stencils Delivered in Connection with the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Manuscript: Opening Address by LP, at the first meeting of the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, Norwegian Nobel Institute. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.1] 

  OPENING ADDRESS

  By Linus Pauling

  at the first meeting of the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, Norwegian Nobel Institute, Oslo, 5:30 P.M. Tuesday 2 May 1961

  This meeting is being held as the result of a decision that my wife and I made just four months ago.

  At the turn of the new year we had decided that it was necessary for our own peace of mind to continue to take whatever action we, as individual human beings, could take toward the achievement of permanent and true peace in the world. Our experience three years ago with the petition to the United Nations and all nations urging that an international agreement be made to stop the testing of all nuclear weapons indicated to us that petitions have value. Accordingly we wrote and circulated a second petition, an Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons.

  In the course of writing this Appeal it became evident to us that there were many questions about peace and disarmament to which we did not know the answers. Our experience in attending some of the Pugwash Conferences had revealed to us the value of conferences of this sort, in which scientists and other informed people from many countries meet to study and analyze some aspects of the present great world problem, and we decided to issue a call to such a conference in which a study might be made of this great problem with special reference to the question of the significance of the possible spread in future months and years of stockpiles of nuclear weapons to nations or groups of nations not now in possession of these weapons.

  With the sponsorship of twenty four distinguished men and women of thirteen nations, we extended invitations to scientists and other people with special knowledge about and interest in this great problem. We are happy that you have accepted the invitation and have come here to take part in this study during the next few days.

  We are grateful especially to the Norwegian Nobel Committee for giving its permission to us to hold the Conference in this beautiful Norwegian Nobel Institute. This Institute, devoted to peace, is, of course, the best place in the world for a meeting to be held in which a profound study is made of methods of achieving peace in the world. We are pleased and honored to have here as observers Director Gunnar Jahn, Director August Schou, Professor Torkel Opsahl, and others among our Norwegian friends who are devoted to the struggle toward the goal of peace.

  For over a decade it has been evident that the development of nuclear weapons has made it possible for man to destroy civilization. For years scientists have been unanimous in the opinion that a full-scale nuclear war would be by far the greatest catastrophe that the world had ever experienced. It has been generally recognized that there is no possibility of defense against nuclear weapons that could not be overcome by increasing the scale of the attack, that there is no way of arranging international agreements that would reliably achieve the end of limiting war between the great powers to the use of conventional weapons or of kiloton nuclear bombs of the Hiroshima-Nagasaki size, that even if all nuclear weapons were to be destroyed the knowledge about them would remain in existence, permitting them to be rebuilt if war were to break out. Over and over again the leaders of nations, scientists, students of international relations, and others have said that the great stockpiles of nuclear weapons must not be used and that the only rational future for the world is a future in which war is forever abandoned and disputes between nations are resolved by recourse to international law, so as to do the greatest possible justice to all nations and all people.

  Yet, despite the increased insight and understanding of the nature of the great world problem that have developed during recent years, despite the initiation of the negotiations in Geneva for a bomb-test agreement, despite the increasing danger of world destruction as the stockpiles of nuclear weapons become larger and more numerous, the rate of progress toward the goal of peace, disarmament, and world cooperation is terrifyingly small.

  We have come together here in Oslo to study this problem, to make some effort to obtain a clearer understanding of it, such as to permit us to make some suggestions about how peace in the world can be achieved. Our ideas may now be somewhat different, and in different ways incomplete; we may hope that by the end of the week these different ideas will have been amalgamated into a resultant of far greater worth than its individual components.

  While we may hope that our contribution will be a significant one, it need not be a great one to justify our labors. Let me use the figure $40,000 as the approximate cost of this Conference. This is one three-millionth of the cost of the world's armaments for one year. If our Conference should shorten the time that we must wait for disarmament by ten seconds, it will have paid for itself.

  Or we may attack the problem in a different way: What is the worth of one human being? The sum $40,000 is surely not an overestimate. It is less than the amount that a man might earn during his life, or even half his life, in many parts of the world. It is less than the cost to society of caring, during the whole of his life, for a grossly defective infant, such as might be born in greatly increased numbers all over the world after a nuclear war. A nuclear war might well have 500,000,000 or even 1,000,000,000 victims -- human beings who are killed or incapacitated, congenitally defective infants who are caused to be born. Hence, if our Conference decreases the probability of nuclear war by even one 5-millionth or one ten-millionth of one percent. it will have paid for itself.

  Some Questions

  Let me now mention some questions that will, I hope, be discussed during the next few days.

  What Is the Present Situation

  First, what is the present situation? How great is the present danger of catastrophic war?

  We know that bombs of 20 megatons each exist in the world. I have usually equated one such bomb to 25,000 sq. km. of area -- this is the area of great radioactive contamination in case of a ground burst, the area that would be largely incinerated in case of a burst at 50 km. altitude (H. Brown and J. Real). Hence 300 20-megaton bombs would largely destroy the U.S., 300 would largely destroy the populated areas of the world.

  I have estimated that the U.S. now has fissionable material enough for 125,000 bombs. I do not know how many are megaton bombs, but the 2000 bombers of the SAC, able to carry 40 megatons each, would have a complement of 80,000 megatons, and with rockets, too, with megaton warheads, the U.S. stockpile might be 100,000 megatons or more. If I have interpreted a press report correctly, Dr. Inglis has estimated 125,000 megatons. For the world (the three nuclear powers), the total may be 250,000 megatons, far more than necessary to accomplish world-wide destruction and death.

  Who can say how great the present danger to the world is, how great is the chance of the destruction of civilization? There is no doubt that nations and human beings have never before been in such great danger.

  What Should Our Goal Be?

  To the question, What should our goal be?, I think that the only answer compatible with reason and morality is that it must be general and complete disarmament down to the level needed for police powers and the prevention of unlawful acts.

  The great nuclear powers have all announced that the achievement of this goal is their national policy. Premier Khrushchev nearly two years ago advocated a plan of total and universal disarmament, to be achieved in a period of four years. Prime Minister McMillan stated that complete and general disarmament must be the avowed goal of all nations. On 27 October 1960 Ambassador James J. Wadsworth of the United States told the Political Committee of the General Assembly of the United Nations that the United States believed that total world disarmament could be achieved within five or six years with good faith and a real sense of urgency on both sides. He said that "we want — earnestly, deeply, and sincerely — general and complete disarmament under effective international control. We are not backing off from that one inch. ... We want to begin progress toward our goal now, to take those measures that can be taken now, while at the same time we are trying, concurrently, to solve the problems that lie ahead in reaching the goal of general and complete disarmament."

  These are fine words — but how disappointing have been the actions! Can it be that, as Walter Millis has said in his essay "A World Without War", these commitments are made not with any intention that they be accepted, but rather as another weapon in the power struggle — not an avenue toward the abolition of war, but as an aid in the preparation for war in which either the East or the West might "prevail", whatever may be the meaning of this possible outcome of nuclear war? Even though I remember Aristotle's statement that a moral man cannot, because of the immorality, the complete selfishness of nations, serve as a diplomat, nevertheless I cannot believe that Ambassador Wadsworth, Prime Minister McMillan, Premier Khrushchev could be guilty of such a monstrous violation of the confidence and hope of their three billion fellow human beings. I believe that the failure of the great nations to have made much progress toward the goal of general and complete disarmament has been caused by world circumstances so gravely serious and so different in nature from those of the past that our national leaders have been unable to cope with them and at the same time move toward disarmament. These circumstances are connected with the problem of the liberation of oppressed peoples. The U.S. and the U.S.S.R., while sympathetic to people living under dictatorial and oppressive governments, have shown fear of the spread of communism or capitalism as their dominant emotion. This fear has caused them to some extent to lend their aid in ways such as to intensify the internal strife in countries torn by civil war and to increase the amount of suffering of the people in these countries. We may hope that these great nations will soon begin to cooperate in decreasing, rather than increasing, the amount of suffering now involved in overthrowing an oppressive government.

  Can there be any rational goal other than general and complete disarmament? Is it reasonable to plan to attempt to survive the catastrophe of megaton war? Is it sensible or even possible to entertain the idea of making international agreements to abolish megaton weapons and to fight "limited" wars with only conventional or kiloton weapons? Would the world be safe under a permanent "balance of terror", reached by international agreement about "arms control" rather than disarmament — two great arrays of rockets, with megaton warheads, ever poised ready to achieve the destruction of their allotted halves of the world, the death of their allotted hundreds of millions of human beings?

  I do not think that any one of these alternatives to general and complete disarmament constitutes a rational goal for the world, but it is part of our task here in Oslo to study them and to reach a considered conclusion about them.

  What Will Take the Place of War?

  If, as it must do to escape destruction, the world achieves the goal of general and complete disarmament and the abolition of war, what will take the place of war? Can a world system in which war has no part be set up that will be viable, that will not lead to chaos, but will in the long run serve the ends of freedom and justice? I believe that it can be, and I think that this is one of the questions that we should discuss in this Conference.

  I think that public opinion, world opinion, can in large part take the place of war. In the history of the last few years there are several striking examples of the growing power of public opinion. The nature of power and the nature of war have changed as a result of the astounding increase in the means of communication, such that within a few hours after a significant or ominous event most of the people of the world are made aware of it and within a day or two they are able to express their opinions, often in such a way as to be determinative. The most recent example is the revolt of the generals in Algiers ten days ago. Within two days after the generals had used the parachutists to seize power in Algiers there were public demonstrations by ten million people in the cities of France (Monday 24 April 1961). This expression of the will of the people brought the revolt to an end.

  As Walter Millis has pointed out, we cannot expect, no matter how greatly we wish it, that the achievement of disarmament and the ending of wars between nations would for some decades mean the elimination of violence in the form of internal revolutions, of insurrectionary or guerrilla wars. These civil wars often involve great savagery, cruelty, and suffering, which, however, might be decreased somewhat if great weapons, bombers, tanks, possibly even machine guns could be eliminated from the world. In a world in which the nations are disarmed and in which world law continues to develop and public opinion continues to increase in its power to determine the future, we may hope that the pressures exerted both by the governments of other nations and by public opinion will serve more and more effectively to diminish the savagery and violence of these internal conflicts and ultimately to replace violent revolution by non-violent revolution. Moreover, as pointed out by Millis, guerrilla wars depend for their success in large part on the will of the people, their outcomes represent "a closer approach to the goals of freedom and justice than do the outcomes of the great international wars, and their results often show a stability which the results of the great wars do not."

  Millis concludes that if the West, the Russians, and the Chinese could come together in a really serious study and discussion of how a totally disarmed world could be expected to operate, we could hope for a solution of the great global problem; that in his opinion, which is mine, also, "a warless world seems to be viable; its attainment, while immeasurably difficult, does not seem to be impossible, given a continuation of the educative, organizational, unifying social forces already at large in a confused world."

  How Can Peace and Disarmament be Achieved?

  I have been and I continue to be a strong advocate of international agreements, with the best possible systems of controls and inspection, as the principal method of achieving permanent peace and general and complete disarmament.

  During the last two and one-half years we have been able to see how difficult it is to formulate a single agreement in this field, the bomb-test agreement. Only three nations have taken part in these negotiations in Geneva, and the agreement, although it involves many technical complications relative to inspection, will constitute only a small part of the great body of agreement that will lead to permanent peace and disarmament; nevertheless the negotiators have found their task to be one of great difficulty.

  It is most important that this agreement be completed without delay and that it be signed by all nations of the world. It must then be followed by other agreements leading to permanent peace and general disarmament, such as to increase the safety of all nations and all people.

  I fear that the spread of nuclear weapons to other nations or groups of nations would not only increase the danger of outbreak of nuclear war but would also increase the difficulty of achieving the goal of peace and disarmament. I hope that in this Conference we can form a sound opinion of how great the deleterious effect of such a spread of nuclear weapons would be and can formulate a strong and significant statement about the need of preventing this spread.

  The argument that in order to achieve peace and disarmament the great nations must first increase their military might is grossly fallacious. The transfer of nuclear weapons to the NATO nations and the nations of the Warsaw Pact would surely increase the danger of war and make the task of achieving disarmament far more difficult, perhaps impossible. Instead of arming themselves with nuclear weapons, would it not be far wiser for West Germany, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Poland ultimately to become a disarmed neutral zone somewhat as suggested by Rapacki? The task of formulating agreements to this end would not be an easy one; but it would probably be impossible after nuclear weapons had spread to these nations.

  During the crucial next few years, when the disarmament agreements are being formulated, is it not the moral duty of the great nations now possessing nuclear weapons to refrain from transferring them to other nations or groups of nations, and the moral duty of nations now not possessing these weapons to refrain from acquiring or developing them? By preventing the spread of nuclear weapons the nations can make the achievement of peace and disarmament possible; by not preventing it they might make world destruction certain.

  Independent Actions Toward Peace

  Can we not call on the nations of the world to take actions that will increase the safety and well-being of the whole world, not only by joint action through carefully formulated agreements but also by wise independent initiative? I believe that it is essential that the great nations act in both of these ways. Nations take many independent actions now. These independent actions sometimes involve an increase in armaments, but also sometimes a decrease, or a refraining from the acceleration of the arms race.

  I believe that there are important actions involving steps toward disarmament that could be taken by the U.S., the U.S.S.R., Great Britain, and other nations with no decrease of national security, but rather with an increase in the security of the nation taking the independent step and also of all other nations. I believe that the people of the whole world want peace and disarmament, liberation from the threatening doom of nuclear destruction, so much that public opinion would provide very strong support and approval of a great step toward disarmament taken by one of the great nations, and that this action would have to be followed by similar action by other nations, and would accelerate the process of the formulation of international agreements.

  And finally, I ask that we consider the significance of morality. Are we not justified in believing that the time has now come when national leaders in considering policy will remember that power is significant only when it can be used, and that the immorality of using nuclear weapons would be so great as to prevent any nation from using them? I think that we are justified in this belief. I am confident that man has enough rationality to keep him from destroying himself, and enough sense and feeling of moral responsibility to enable the world to move now into a new era, the era of peace and reason and world cooperation. My wife and I hope that this Conference will help to some degree in the effort to achieve this goal.

• Manuscript: “Proposed Draft of Statement on Preventing the Spread of Nuclear Weapons” of what will be the “Oslo Statement.” May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• Newspaper Clipping: “Utvidelse av atomklubben det farligste av alt,” Dagbladet, May 2, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.76]
• Note from Christian Bay to AHP and LP, RE:  Bay wishes to welcome LP and AHP to Oslo.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Note from Ralph L. Amey, Research Assistant, Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Research Laboratory, to LP, RE: Mentions LP’s model of liquid H2O which he proposed at the 1957 Symposium on Hydrogen Bonding in Yugoslavia.  Asks LP for information concerning x-ray diffraction, dielectric dispersion, etc, that could be used in a seminar on liquid H2O. [Letter from LP to Ralph L. Amey, May 15, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4]
• Notes RE: Outlines what has been discussed on the topic of disarmament at the conference and says that the conference should propose a draft treaty on tests. LP handwritten note on top: “Whose?” May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• Notes RE: Statement of the participants in the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons that they will refrain from activities that further construction, testing, use or distribution of nuclear weapons. Editing marks made by LP. May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• Orear Notes RE: Proposes that the nuclear powers sign a treaty agreeing not to be the first to use or the first to threaten to use nuclear weapons. Marked as “For Public Statement.” LP has written “Orear” on the top, most likely the author. May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• Receipt from Lerco to LP for advance payment for mimeographing work for $1,500.00. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4] 
• Reprint: Opening Address by Linus Pauling at the first meeting of the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, Norwegian Nobel Institute, Oslo, 5:30 P.M. Tuesday 2 May 1961. [Filed  under LP Publications: (Publications of LP, 1961), Box #1961p, Folder # 1961p.7]
• Reprint: “Oslo Statement: Adopted Unanimously by the Participants in the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, Oslo, Norway, 2 to 7 May 1961.” Two pages. [Filed  under LP Publications: (Publications of LP, 1961), Box #1961p, Folder # 1961p.6]
• Typescript, “Opening Address” at the first meeting of the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, Norwegian Nobel Institute, Oslo. [Filed under LP Peace: (The Bomb Test Suits, 1962-1964), Box #6.002, Folder #2.1] 
• Typescripts: “First Draft of Statement” of what will be the “Oslo Statement.” One copy of the typescript labeled “My Copy” by LP and is filled with his corrections. May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 

  FIRST DRAFT OF STATEMENT

  We, 35 physical and biological scientists and 37 social scientists and other scholars from 13 countries, have met for five days in the Nobel Institute in Oslo to discuss the increased danger of nuclear war and world destruction that would result from the spread of nuclear weapons to further nations or groups of nations.

  There is an imminent possibility of acquisition of nuclear weapons by West Germany and East Germany, China, Sweden, and other nations. We are convinced that the arming of either West Germany or East Germany with nuclear weapons would be followed by the similar arming of the other and also of additional nations and would lead almost inevitably to war.

  We are equally opposed to the transfer of these weapons to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the Warsaw Pact Group.

  We urge instead that negotiations be immediately initiated to accomplish the formation of a zone free forever of nuclear arms and essentially demilitarized. This zone, comprising West Germany, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Poland, would serve as a model for further similar zones, which might include the Scandinavian and other European countries, China and Japan in the Pacific area, the Israeli-Arab area, and the Southeast Asia, with each action constituting a significant increase in the safety of the world and a significant step toward peace.

  The present nuclear stockpiles have explosive energy many thousands of times that used in the whole of the Second World War. These bombs used in war might kill a large part of the world's people. There is no rational and safe policy for the world except that of achieving general and complete world disarmament with suitable control and inspection.

  Soon the speed of nuclear weapons will spread to many nations, increasing the probability of devastating war and making disarmament more and more difficult to achieve. There we strongly urge that the nations of the world vigorously promote disarmament and take actions that will lead to total and universal disarmament. This is the goal that has been explicitly announced as the national policy of the great nuclear powers and of all other nations in the United Nations.

  We oppose the carrying out of any further tests of nuclear weapons by any nation. We urge that the drafting of the test-ban treaty be immediately completed, by making reasonable compromises about the few questions that have not yet been settled.

  President Kennedy and Secretary Khrushchev have on many occasions declared that their countries will not be the first to use nuclear weapons. We urge that President Kennedy and Secretary Khrushchev now exchange formal pledges to this effect. We urge that similar pledges be offered by the leaders of others nations possessing nuclear arms. We regard such pledges as of salient value in reducing the tension surrounding the discussion of difficult political issues, and as a method of discouraging the extension of nuclear arms.

  We further note and express our unanimous approval of the recent statement of the Council of the Federation of American Scientists:

  We recommend similar expressions from organizations of scientist in all countries with nuclear stockpiles.

• Typescripts: “Suggested Draft of Statement on Test Ban” states that four or five points remain to be negotiated with two more important points: the number of veto-free inspections to be allowed per year and the composition of the directorate. One typescript labeled with the name Tormod Förland. May 2-7, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8]  
• Typescripts: “The Oslo Statement” published by AHP and LP with 58 co-authors, May 2-7, 1961. Reprinted in New Outlook, (September 1961): 53-58. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8]

• Handwritten notes from the Oslo Conference.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Handwritten notes, “Technical Aspects of Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear War, Bomb Test Negotiations.”  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Itinerary: Oslo, Norway [handwritten] [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Letter from Agnes Nohrnberg, Director of Public Events, Committee on Public Exercises, Stanford University, to LP, RE: Thanks LP for participating in the FOCUS Program on “The Challenge of the Nuclear Age.” [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Correspondence, 1957-1964), #288.5]               
• Letter from Alexis Pappas to Robert Schutz, RE: Pappas thinks that the Conference is not developing along the elevated lines that he had hoped for.  Pappas informs Schutz that he will not be attending the rest of the Conference and does not want his name in connection with an eventual statement. [Reply from LP June 19, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4] [Also Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.3]
• Letter from Anne K. Storhaug, Kirshi Spieldnes, Ingrid Loken and Berte Storhaug, to LP. RE: Introduce themselves as first year dentistry students who have been using College Chemistry. Asks him to write to their chemistry professor and ask her to make a more sensible exam. [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2]
• Letter from E. Symons to LP, RE: Symons would like to have more copies of the Appeal because he is confident that he can get a large amount of signatures.  Symons gives LP his best regards for continued success in his work to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Inez M. Burke, W. H. Freeman & Co., to LP RE: Encloses a letter from Ralph Friedrich to W. H. Freeman & Co., Publishers regarding possible errors in the Modern Asia Edition reprint of LP’s General Chemistry.  Requests that LP provide answers to Friedrich’s inquiries. [Filed under LP Books: 1953b.1]
• Letter from Ira D. Cardiff to LP, RE: LP spoke with Mr. Cardiff about 3 years ago, and he would like LP to come back to the Seattle area again to give a talk to a few of his groups. [Letter from LP to Ira D. Cardiff, July 20, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #76.1]
• Letter from Leif Dalager Karlsen to LP, RE: [In Norwegian]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from Linda Carlson to LP, RE: Carlson thanks LP for the work that he is doing to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.  Carlson would like LP to send 5-10 more copies of the petition to her because many people have been asking for copies.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Louis Goldblatt, International Longshoremen’s & Warehousemen’s Union, to LP. RE: Thanks him for his inspiring remarks at the recent ILWU Convention in Honolulu. Looks forward to hearing the results of the Oslo Conference. [Reply from LP July 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box #1961s, Folder #1961s.15]
• Letter from Shirley Triest to LP, RE: Triest requests two copies of the appeal and is enclosing a small money order to help defray the expenses of the appeal. [Reply from LP May 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Sverre Hagen to LP, RE: [In Norwegian] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4] 
• Letter from Virginia Mill to LP, RE: Mill would like to have a final copy of the Oslo Statement sent to her by airmail.  Mill hopes that the Conference will produce gratifying results.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Den bristende knopp og den eksploderende bombe,” Dagbladet, May 3, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.78]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Oslo Conference Held by Pauling,” Washington Post, May 3, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.76]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Oslohyller Pauling med fakkeltog,” Dagbladet, May 3, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.76]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pauling: A-vapen ma under ingen omstendigheter brukes,” Morgenbladet, May 3, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.77]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Svensk atombombe pa is til valget 1964", Dagbladet, May 3, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.77]
• Notice from Boston Committee for Disarmament and Peace. RE: Meeting with Linus Pauling on June 3. Lists details of the event. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.6]
• Telegram from Dr. Walter Friedrich, to LP. RE: Written in German. [Filed under LP Correspondence (F: Correspondence, 1961): Box #129 Folder #129.5] 
• Typescript: “Proposal to N.A.S.A.: Study of Free and Forced Oscillations of the Earth,” submitted by Hugo Benioff, approved and returned May 18, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: California Institute of Technology: Committee on Sponsored Research, 1960-1961), Box #1.026, Folder #26.5] 

• Draft letter from LP to Director Jahn, RE: LP is asking for Jahn’s advice about whether or not LP should meet with Norwegian TV who has asked him to make some silent shots to be used later.    [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Itinerary: Oslo, Norway [handwritten] [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Letter from Arild Hvoslef to LP, RE: Hvoslef greets with confidence and joy LP’s Conference. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from H. M. Rosenthal, Montreal Committee for the Control of Radiation Hazards, to LP. RE: Delighted to hear that he will be available to address a public meeting on June 9th. Gives the general plan of the meeting. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.8]
• Letter from H.A. Shiffer, Thinking Unlimited, to LP, RE: Shiffer invites Pauling to Myron S. Allen's lecture on morphological creativity on Friday, May 12th. Shiffer also expresses his wish that LP will eventually join Thinking Unlimited. [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2]
• Letter from LP to Ed Berkeley, RE: LP has not yet made a decision about the May 13 Conference in New York.  LP is glad to help the New York Peace Movement, but he is not sure that he will form the basis of a national movement.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from Nancy Reeves to AHP, RE: Says that she is delighted that AHP plans to attend one of the seminars, and asks whether she has exchanged subjects and dates with Dr. Frances Herring.  Explains that the session will be titled “Our Responsibility for Survival”.  Asks whether AHP plans to discuss “Economic Survival” or “Our Responsibility for Survival” at the session.  [Filed under AHP Materials re: Peace and Women: (AHP: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom), Box#4.001, Folder#1.1]
• Memorandum RE: Written in Norwegian. Rough translation: Welcomes all to Norway and hopes they can find a way to peace. Signed by 17 people. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pauling om nedrustning: Vakre ord-men frykten dominerer.” Morgenbladet. Written in Norwegian.  [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.21]
• Typescript, “Morning Session, Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons.”  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.5]
• Typescript: “Grant for Endowing an Air Force OSR Professorship in Geophysics,” submitted by Frank Press, approved and returned May 17, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: California Institute of Technology: Committee on Sponsored Research, 1960-1961), Box #1.026, Folder #26.5] 

• Itinerary: Oslo, Norway [handwritten] [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Letter from Ann Morrissett, to LP. RE: Would like information on the Conference of the Greater New York Peace Groups for the group organizing the conference. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.4] 
• Letter from Dr. H.A. Schweigart, International Society for Research on Nutrition and Vital Substances, to Members of the Scientific Council, RE: Sends again the program for the 7th International Convention.  Attachment: Provisional Program and postcard for registering. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (I: Organizational Correspondence. (In-In)), #184.7]
• Letter from Edward Gottlieb to LP, RE: The War Resistance League has been organizing a Civil Defense Protest Committee and Gottlieb is enclosing information on this committee for LP.  Gottlieb is asking for contributions to the War Resistance League as they try to raise $10,000 for activities and projects for the coming year. [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, St-Wa), Box #4.015, Folder #15.7]
• Letter from G.D. Olney to LP, RE: Olney is sending in a sheet full of signatures and also asks for some more copies of the appeal.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Herbert Jehle to Sir, RE: Jehle would like to draw attention to the Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons.  At the end of the Conference there will be a meeting which will be held at the University of Oslo.  This meeting will be equivalent to the “Appeal” that Jehle is enclosing.   [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.3]
• Letter from Joan Harris to Lloyd Smith, RE: Harris is enclosing several small checks that amount to $115.00 that are contributions to the Oslo Conference.  Harris is also enclosing a list of the signers of the checks and the amounts of each.  [Letter from Smith to Harris May 6, 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Joan Harris to Mrs. C.M. Best, RE: Harris is acknowledging Best’s letter with the checks totaling $115.00.  LP is in Oslo at present.  [Best’s letter April 22, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Joan Harris to Mrs. Ralph Russell, RE: Harris suggests that Russell send the money that has been collected to Lloyd Smith at the Claremore Fund.  Contributions to this fund are tax exempt. [Letter from Russell to LP’s Secretary 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Joan R. Harris, Secretary to LP, to H.A. Shiffer, Thinking Unlimited, RE: Harris informs Shiffer that LP is in Europe and will not return to Pasadena until May 15th, and therefore will be unable to accept Shiffer's invitation to attend the lecture by Myron S. Allen on May 12th. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1956-1963), #411.6]
• Letter from Joan to LP, RE: Hopes the Conference is going well.  There are many things to tell, but none of them require an answer.  Although she has been over his desk several times, she could not find a letter from a professor at Princeton about a meeting on ice or water, and therefore could not write a reply.  Bea Wulf asked about changes in the CIT catalogue for next year.  Mrs. Russell wrote about receiving a copy of the Oslo address, and where contributions should be sent.  Professor Harper wrote concerning the deposition.  There was also a letter concerning the banquet for the World Conference on Psychiatry, as well as acceptance letters for the Conference, and letters regarding the Appeal. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #168.1]
• Letter from Knitbjorg Selues to LP, RE: Selues thanks LP for his efforts towards peace.  Selues is glad and proud that LP and AHP chose Oslo for their Conference.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from Robert Schutz to Ceil Gross, RE: Schutz is enclosing a copy of the morning’s press release of yesterday’s session of the conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4] 
• Letter from Robert Schutz to Lloyd Smith, RE: Schutz is including two applications for expense reimbursement for participants of the conference.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from The Academy of Pedagogical Sciences to LP, RE: The Academy thanks LP for his work and his efforts towards peace with the Conference.   [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.3]
• Letter from Tom Christoffel to LP, RE: The Union Forum Committee of the University of Wisconsin invites LP to address the student body at the university at some convenient time during their 1961-1962 school year. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960, 1962), #445.2]
• Letter from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, to Dr. Walter A. Schroeder, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, cc LP, RE:  Notification and statement of grant award.  [Filed under LP Correspondence: (J: Individual Correspondence. (Johnson-Jukes)), #190.6]
• Note on the Editorial in LIFE for May 5, 1961, RE: The article states that Kennedy should announce the resumption of underground testing at once, and should give backing to Chief of Civilian Defense Frank Ellis and his fallout shelter program. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Individual Correspondence. (Kennedy-Klein, Morton)), #198.3] 
• Notes for “Editorial in LIFE for 5 May 1961.”  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Telegram from Colin Sweet to LP, RE: Sweet looks forward to hearing the results of the Conference.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Typescripts: “Second Draft of Statement” of what will be known as the “Oslo Statement.” LP note on top saying to criticize subject matter, not wording. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 

• Itinerary: Oslo, Norway [handwritten] [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Letter from Alice Herz to LP, RE: Herz is sending in two forms with signatures from Hamburg, Germany. [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Dieta and Herbert Jehle to LP, RE: Jehle hopes that the Conference will bring inspiration towards peace.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from Ian MacDonald to LP RE: MacDonald was not able to return the petitions with signatures because he received them with not enough time before the April 15th deadline.  [Letter from LP to MacDonald June 19, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Kay Huey to LP, RE: Miss Huey attended the convocation LP gave at the Sacramento State College, and was interested to hear about his work with the chemistry of mental illness.  She has been conducting a study of Dr. Selye’s work with “General Adaptation Syndrome,” and would like LP’s thoughts on this, as well as a list of references that might help her.  Sends an essay on her preliminary work. [Letter from LP to Huey June 19, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #168.1]
• Letter from Lloyd Smith to Joan Harris, RE: Smith asks if Harris can provide him with the mailing address of each of the contributors to the Oslo Conference fund that Harris mentioned in her letter. [Letters from Harris to Smith May 5, 1961, May 8, 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Newspaper Clipping: “ Professor Pauling.”  Orientering.  Written in Norwegian. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.22]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Fakkeltoget for Professor Pauling.”  Aftenposten.  Written in Norwegian. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.23]
• Typescript, “Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons Conference Statement.”  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.5]
• Typescript: Conference Statement from the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, became known as the “Oslo Statement.” This copy has been edited. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.12] 
• Typescript: Conference Statement of the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, the “Oslo Statement.” Notes in margins concerning formatting of the final copy. Attached are drawings of how the formatting of the final copy should look. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• Typescript: Final copy of the Conference Statement of the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, the “Oslo Statement.” LP handwritten notes on top stating that this is the final copy and was approved unanimously with no abstainers at 2:30 p.m. on May 6, 1961. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 

• Authorized Summary “Conference Statement.” [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.1] 
• Itinerary: Oslo, Norway [handwritten] [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Letter from Brenda M. Harris, to LP. RE: Encloses the honorarium from LP’s visit to the University of Toronto. Thanks him for his lecture. Apologizes for the lateness of the letter. [Letter from LP June 15, 1961] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box #1961s, Folder #1961s.11] 
• Letter from Helen Stahelin to LP, RE: Stahelin is mailing a copy of the appeal with signatures on it to LP since Switzerland is not a member of the United Nations.  Stahelin does not think that he will translate the appeal into French and German because he is concerned about possible confusion amongst people who have already signed the appeal.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Helen Zupell to LP and AHP, RE: Zupell was glad to see LP and AHP and offers warm wishes for their return home.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from Linda Sarasohn to LP, RE: Sarasohn would like to help gather signatures for the petition and asks for some copies that she may distribute. [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to LP, RE: President congratulates LP on a successful Conference.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]
• Manuscript: The Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, University of Oslo. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.2]
• Note from Y. Fukashima to LP, RE: “Be healthy for the Noble work of peace.” [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4] 
• Reprint: ‘Escape to the Endless Frontier’ by Don K. Price. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.7] 
• Typescript, “Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons Conference Statement.”  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.5]
• Typescripts: Conference Statement of the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, what will be known as the “Oslo Statement.” [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• “The Pauling Conference, 5/7/61, tape 5.”  Producer unknown.  1/4" audio tape reel. [transferred to standard audiocassette, two cassettes] [Filed under LP Audio-Visual: 1961v.4]

• Article: “Tritium in Auto Locks,” Chemical and Engineering News. [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: The Biological Effects of Radiation, 1960-1962: Box #7.016, Folder #16.14]
• Letter from A. Pennington to LP, RE: Pennington is enclosing some signatures for the appeal from the Unitarian Congregations and fellowships in Canada.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Anderson to LP, RE: Anderson hopes that LP’s work in Oslo will succeed and will spread throughout the world.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from Dr. J. Allos, St. Mary’s Hospital, to LP, RE: Dr. Allos greatly enjoyed meeting LP and having the opportunity to tour his lab.  He knows that LP will be coming to Montreal, and asks if he would be willing to give a seminar if he can find the time. [Letter from Dr. Allos to LP, May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1957-1962), #201.5]
• Letter from Edison Short to LP, RE: Short asks LP for more copies of the petition.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Henry Abrams to LP, RE: Abrams congratulates LP on his Conference and is enclosing a clipping from the Times.  Abrams notes that there are 87 people who are willing to be sponsors for the Carnegie Hall Meeting.  Abrams looks forward to seeing LP at the Carnegie Hall meeting.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.3]
• Letter from Jesse W.M. DuMond to LP, RE: Thinks that the Softky and Squire proposal sounded suspiciously like a cover-up for atomic testing in outer space, and can think of many better ways of spending government research money. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (D: Individual Correspondence. (Dil-Dyson)), #96.18] 
• Letter from Joan Harris to Lloyd Smith, RE: Harris tells Smith that with the exception of Mrs. Best and two the addresses, Harris does not have the mailing addresses of the contributors.  Harris does suggest that Smith contact Mrs. Best for the addresses.  [Letter from Smith to Harris May 6, 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Joan Harris to Louise Andrews, RE: Harris is acknowledging Andrews’ letter which arrived after LP and AHP left for Europe.  Harris will bring it to LP’s attention when he returns. [Andrews’ letter April 20, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am), Box #4.009, Folder #9.4]
• Letter from Joan R. Harris, Secretary to LP, to R. Robb Taylor, RE: Harris will call Taylor's letter to LP's attention, but tells Taylor that LP has an engagement during June 5-7, so that he probably will not be able to participate in the conference that Taylor has planned. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1956-1963), #411.6]
• Letter from L.A. DuBridge to LP, RE: Encloses the excerpt from a letter dated May 2, written by a successful young Caltech alumnus.  It is typical of letters that Dr. DuBridge continually receives.  He wants LP to know the nature of the criticisms being leveled against him and the university. [Letter to Dr. DuBridge, May 2, 1961] [Letter from LP to Dr. DuBridge, May 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (D: Individual Correspondence. (Dil-Dyson)), #96.13]
• Letter from Mrs. Joan R. Harris, Secretary to LP, to Dr. R. E. Muller, Manager, Basic Research, United States Gypsum Company, RE: LP is currently in Europe, and when he returns the letter will be called to his attention. [Letter from Muller to LP, April 24, 1961, and Letter from LP to Muller, May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1959-1961), #258.3] 
• Letter from Mrs. Joan R. Harris, Secretary to LP, to Joel M. Rein RE: Acknowledges his April 24th letter to LP, who is in Europe until May 15th. Informs Rein that the article he mentioned will be published in Science in another month or so. Says that they will send him a reprint as soon as they are available. [Handwritten note from Rein to LP April 24, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (R: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #342.2]
• Letter from Mrs. Joan R. Harris, Secretary to LP, to Professor Eugene H. McLaren, Chemistry Department, State University of New York College of Education, RE: LP is currently in Europe, and will answer the letter when he returns. [Letter from McLaren to LP, April 18, 1961, and Letter from LP to McLaren, May 15, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Correspondence, 1957-1964), #288.5] 
• Letter from Robert B. Godley, Co-Chairman, ACESS Banquet, Program Chairman, Akron Council of Engineering and Scientific Societies, to LP, RE: Extends an invitation to LP to speak at the Akron Council of Engineering and Scientific Societies (ACESS) annual banquet on October 5, 1961.  Describes the banquet. [Letter from LP to Robert B. Godley, May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4]
• Letter from Tony to LP and AHP, RE: Tony thanks LP for letting him come to the Conference.  Tony believes that things must move forward towards sanity.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from Vivian Franklin to AHP, RE: Franklin is enclosing a check for $10.00 for the Oslo Conference Fund. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4] 
• Newspaper Clipping: Announcement for a talk including Professor Ivan Rosenquist and LP.  Written in Norwegian.  Arbeiderbladet. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.28]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Ban on Atom Arms For NATO is Asked.”  The New York Times. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.24]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Ban on Atomic Arms for NATO Urged at Parley Let by Pauling,” New York Times, May 8, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.79]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pauling’s Group Opposes NATO Atom Arms,” New York Times, May 8, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.77]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pauling’s Group Opposes NATO Atom Arms.”  The New York Times. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.25]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pauling’s advarsler ble presisert igår.” Aftenposten. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.26]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Resolisjon mot spredning av kjerne-våpen.” Nationen. Written in Norwegian. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.29]
• Newspaper Clipping: “SF og Paulingmøtet.”  Dagbladet. Written in German. Two Copies. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.27]
• Note from LP to Mrs. Harris and Mrs. Hopkins. [Letter from Mrs. Harris and Mrs. Hopkins to LP, May 10, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #168.1]

  Dear Mrs. Harris and Mrs. Hopkins:

  Some (perhaps all) of your letters have arrived.

  Everything has gone along almost perfectly. The Aula meeting was grand. The Vice-Rector gave a speech thanking us.

  Friday night there was a great torchlight procession in our honor - quite a sight!

  Please send glossy print, cliches [?], biography to Mr. Sheehan in Montreal. Also 100 copies of Bryn Mawr, and tell him he can have more if he wants.

  Best regards,

  Linus Pauling

• Offprint: “Calcium Tablets Versus Strontium-90.” [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Strontium-90, 1961-1963: Box #7.014, Folder #14.2] 
• Receipt from First Western Bank to LP RE: “Receipt Portion.”  For a deposit. $3,378.47.  [Envelope 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.1]                               
• Receipt from First Western Bank to LP RE: “Receipt Portion.”  For a deposit. $522.45.  [Envelope 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.1]

• Galley Proof: “The Oslo Statement.” Note on top saying the changes were telephoned on May 9, 1961 at 3 p.m. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.8] 
• Invitation from the Ambassador of and Madame Ruzek, RE: A reception for the National Holiday of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. [Unaddressed letter to the Ambassador of Czechoslovakia and Madame Ruzek, April 20, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #76.1] 
• Letter from Colin Low, Producer Animation Department, National Film Board, to LP, RE: Low describes a film on the microcosm, focusing on recent developments in molecular biology.  He describes the film and asks if it would be possible to meet with LP some time for an interview. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Organizational Correspondence. (Na - Na)), #283.5]
• Letter from Dr. Charles D. Kochakian, Acting Coordinator or Research Grants, University of Alabama Medical Center, to LP, RE: Dr. Kochakian invites LP to speak at the University of Alabama Medical Center, and describes what it will entail. [Letter from LP to Dr. Charles D. Kochakian, May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4] 
• Letter from Ernest Dzendolet, Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, to LP, RE: Requests of a reprint of the article concerning LP’s theory of anesthesia. [Letter from Joan R. Harris to Dr. Dzendolet, May 15, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (D: Correspondence, 1960-1966), #99.2] 
• Letter from Irving L. Pauling to LP RE: Thanks LP for a copy of No More War!  He was disappointed that they did not get to meet last summer.  He will soon be transferred to Germany, and would be honored if LP should come for a visit.  His son’s paper was just selected for publication at the Oklahoma Junior Academy of Sciences, and he received a scholarship for the University of Oklahoma.  Pauling is unsure if he and LP and related, but he is proud to share the name.  [Letter from Fite to Pauling April 13, 1961, and Letter from LP to Pauling June 20, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #314.2]
• Letter from Irving Michelson to LP RE: Michelson is sending LP a draft of the report on calcium tablets which Michelson plans to publish in Consumer Reports.  Michelson would appreciate any comments LP may have. [Letter from LP to Michelson May 15, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Strontium-90, 1961-1963: Box #7.014, Folder #14.8]
• Letter from LP to Stephen King-Hall, RE: LP would like to note that at the Conference he did not reject King-Hall’s idea.  LP trusts that if King-Hall wants to make a public statement about the Conference that he will do so without violating the privacy agreement.  LP thanks King-Hall for his valuable participation in the Conference.  [King-Hall’s letter May 1961] [Filed under LP Peace:  (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.3]
• Memorandum from I.F. Betts to LP, RE: Informs him that Chemistry 43 Contract No. Nonr-220(33) is scheduled to terminate and asks that a renewal proposal to be submitted as soon as possible if continuation is planned. Handwritten note near the bottom left “New proposal submitted to Mr. Betts 6/30/61". [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Memoranda, Notes and Assorted Materials re: “Structure of Metals and Intermetallic Compounds,” Contract Nonr 220(33) (Chemistry 43), 1958-1963), Box #14.035, Folder #35.1]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Norge Venter at atom-politikken blir godtatt.” Dagbladet. Written in German.  [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.31]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Protestmøte i Oslo mot atomvåpen i vest.” Aftenposten. Written in Norwegian.  [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.30]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Resolusjon til atom-maktene,” Morgeuposton, May 9, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.77]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Utnyttelse av Paulingmotet,” Dagbladet, May 9, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.78]

• Copy of Reprint Editorial, “The Right Not To Be Lied To,” The New York Times. [Filed under LP Peace: (International Issues of Diplomacy and Human Rights, Cu-Ir), Box #6.014, Folder #14.1]
• Handwritten letter from Mrs. Alvin E. Winder to LP, RE: Winder invites LP to speak at the Springfield Jewish Community Center in the fall. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960-1962), #445.2]
• Letter from Betty Jansen to LP and AHP, RE: Jansen is interested in knowing if there are any reports available on the discussions that took place during the Oslo Conference.  Jansen notes that the Quakers wold be willing to participate in peace works.  [Harris to Jansen February 17, 1962] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]
• Letter from G. Burkhardt to LP and AHP, RE: Burkhardt wishes to congratulate LP and AHP on the Oslo Conference.  Burkhardt plans to translate the Oslo Statement into German and hopes to get it published soon.  [Reply from LP June 12, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]
• Letter from H.E. Wilcox to LP, RE: Wilcox heard that Dr. Kochakian had invited LP to speak at the University of Alabama Medical Center and Wilcox would be delighted if LP could accept. Wilcox was fascinated by LP's theory on the action of anesthetics, and if LP has enough time, Wilcox would love for LP to speak at Birmingham-Southern College on this topic. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960-1962), #445.2]
• Letter from J. D. Bernal, World Council of Peace Presidential Committee, to LP, RE: Thanks LP for the message of good wishes to the New Delhi session of the World Council of Peace.  The session was extremely useful, and the International Institute for Peace has been asked to sen LP a full account of the proceedings. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Individual Correspondence. (Beach-Birge)), #27.14]
• Letter from John A. Perkins, American Association of Land-Grant Colleges and State Universities, to LP, RE: Invites LP to attend a dinner during the celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the Morrill Act, which started the land-grant colleges and universities.  The dinner will be in honor of Nobel Laureates who earned degrees at land-grant institutions on November 14. [Letter from Perkins to LP, June 17, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Correspondence, 1957-1964), #288.5]
• Letter from Julian M. Sturtevant, Yale University, to LP. RE: Informs him of the establishment of an award program in memory of Professor John Gamble Kirkwood. [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Individual Correspondence): Box #370 Folder #370.5] 
• Letter from Margaret Russell to LP, RE: Russell now has about $750.00 in contributed funds for the Oslo Conference.  Russell will send a copy of the letter the committee send out and a list of those who responded.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Mrs. C.M. Best to LP and AHP, RE: Best is enclosing checks that total $64.00 from the Berkeley chapter of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.  With this submission the total amount raised by the chapter is now $179.00.  [Reply from LP June 27, 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Mrs. Harris and Mrs. Hopkins to LP, RE: They decided not toe send the Humanist manuscript, because he would not have time to go over it.  Details two telegrams which arrived.  They are sending the requested material to Mr. Sheehan this afternoon.  Things are going well there, too. [Note from LP to Mrs. Harris and Mrs. Hopkins, May 8, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #168.1]
• Letter from Thomas W. Benson, Department of Speech and Drama, Cornell University, to LP, RE: Asks again if LP would be willing to come to Cornell to speak on the proper methods to achieve peace, sponsored by the Ad Hoc Peace Week Committee, in a debate with William Buckley, Editor of the National Review. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #39.4]
• Letter from W.M. Freeman Smith to LP, RE: Smith thanks LP for the materials he sent about the petition and is also enclosing his signed petition.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Memorandum from J.E. McKee to Committee on Sponsored Research RE: Attaches a draft of a proposal to the Atomic Energy Commission for continuation of research on radioactive substances in municipal sewage. Writes that he will appreciate any suggestions for modifying the draft. Draft was approved and returned on May 17, 1961 by LP. [Filed under LP Biographical: California Institute of Technology: Committee on Sponsored Research, 1960-1961), Box #1.026, Folder #26.5] 
• Newspaper Clipping: “Argus: Hykkelsk Arroganse.” Morgenbladet. Written in Norwegian. [Newspaper Clipping: “Utnyttelse av Paulingmøtet” May 10, 1961]  [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.35]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Professor Hygen 100 pst. enig i erklæringen.”  Dagbladet. Written in Norwegian.  [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.32]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Rally for Peace,” New York Times, May 10, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.79]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Utnyttelse av Pauling-møtet,” by Johan B. Hygen and Arne Næss. Arbeiderbladet. Written in Norwegian.   [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.34]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Utnyttelse av Pauling-møtet,” by Johan B. Hygen and Arne Næss. Vårt Land. Written in Norwegian. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.36]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Utnyttelse av Paulingmøtet,” by Johan B. Hygen and Arne Næss.  Morgenbladet. Written in Norwegian. [Newspaper Clipping: “Argus: Hykkelsk Arroganse” May 10, 1961] [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.35]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Utnyttelse av Paulingmøtet,” by Johan B. Hygen and Arne Næss.  Morgenposten. Written in Norwegian.  [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.33]

• Airline Ticket: Air France, Oslo to New York [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Hotel Confirmation: Hotel Biltmore, New York, New York. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s Folder #1961s.21] 
• Hotel bill: The Biltmore, New York City [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Itinerary: LP and AHP leave Oslo at 12:25 PM, arrive in New York at 5:30 PM; reservation at the Biltmore Hotel [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Letter from AHP to Peter Pauling. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Family Correspondence: Peter Jeffress Pauling), Box #5.044, Folder #44.2] 

  11 May, Oslo

  Dear Peter,

  Our conference is over and we have had a few days seeing academic friends (that looks funny but you know what I mean!) We leave today for New York - a big Carnegie Hall meeting tomorrow and we'll go on to Pasadena Sunday or Monday.

  We are exhausted but fairly content with the results of the conference. They are just this moment taking down the big flag poles in front of the Storting where the NATO was held - NATO flags. The 50 star USA flag did, I must say, look beautiful waving in the spring winds. All the flags looked fine. I see why there must be a flag.

  It seems odd not to be coming to see you and Julia and Thomas and Sarah, whom we should like so much to see. Bad planning on our part. We are not going to Geneva either.

  Love to you

  Mama

• Letter from Robert F. Bacher to Professors Bohnenblust, Brown, Lindvall, Owen, and LP RE: Asks if the committee members approve of the proposed change and asks them to call Mrs. Horne to let her know if they approve. Handwritten note indicates LP answered that he approved. [Filed under LP Biographical: (CIT: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1956-1964), Box #1.022, Folder #22.2] 
• Memorandum from N. Lacey to Faculty Committee on Academic Freedom & Tenure RE: Proposes a small change in wording to a statement on Academic Tenure in Policies and Procedures to avoid confusion. Asks if the committee approves the addition. [Filed under LP Biographical: (California Institute of Technology: Administrative Files, 1922-1968), Box #1.029, Folder #29.6] 
• Note from Michio Hayashi to LP RE: Explains that he is a medical student studying LP’s text, General Chemistry.  Inquires about an apparent error or discrepancy in the weight of an electron given in the text. [Letter from LP to Hayashi July 25, 1961] [Filed under LP Books: 1953b2.1]
• Receipt from First Western Bank to LP RE: “Receipt Portion.”  For a deposit. $443.28.  [Envelope 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.1]
• Telegram from Hideki and Sumi Yukawa to LP, RE: The Yukawas wish LP further success in his work to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4] 

• Advertisement: ‘Dr. Linus Pauling on the Oslo Conference to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons’ [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.3] 
• Flier: Report by Dr. Linus Pauling,” Conference of Greater New York Peace Groups, May 12, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.80]
• Hotel bill: The Biltmore, New York City [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Letter from Dr. Morris Goodman, Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, to LP, RE: Requests a reprint of LP’s paper “A comparison of animal hemoglobins by tryptic peptide pattern analysis”.  Dr. Goodman is currently working on the study of the phylogeny of the soluble blood proteins of primates.  Asks if it is possible to obtain any of LP’s samples of gorilla and orangutan hemoglobin.  Handwritten at the top: “To Dr. Zuckerkandl: Have you any?”  Attachments: Dr. Goodman’s abstract “Evolution of the species specificity of human proteins”; reprint “A Starch Gel Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis of Human γ-Globin Demonstrating the Inter- and Intra-Specific Variation of Organisms”.  [Letter from LP to Dr. Goodman, June 7, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (G: Correspondence, 1957-1961), #141.5]
• Letter from Edith Segal and Samuel Kamegs, to LP and AHP. RE: Appreciates their work in the World Peace Movement. [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2]
• Letter from Ellen Rudes, Chairman, Convocations Board of the State University College of Education to LP, RE: Rudes says that the college is very interested in the disarmament program and feels that LP would be best qualified to speak in that area. Rudes invites LP to speak to the students between September 30, 1961 and June 1, 1962. [Letter from LP to Rudes: June 26, 1907] [Filed under LP Correspondence (R: Correspondence, 1961) #342.2] 
• Letter from Florence G. Ruehl to LP RE: Tells LP that she has a 17 year-old son who was refused admission to Cal Tech after an interview with Dr. John R. Weir. Explains that the “B” he received in geometry and his low scores on the ACH tests in Physics were due to the structure of his classes. Mentions that her son received a scholarship for $900/year from Cal Tech prior to being rejected. Says that she feels every student who has an interest in science should be allowed to study in college. [Letter from LP to Ruehl May 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (R: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #342.2] 
• Letter from Homer Page to LP, RE: Page is interested in assisting the SANE program in any way that he can.  Page would like to know who to contact at SANE in order to be able to use his understand of visual media knowledge to help SANE.  [Reply from LP May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE, 1958-1966, 1982), Box #4.003, Folder #3.4]
• Letter from Robert H. Shutan to LP RE: Asks if LP has received from the $2,109.37 payment from Mr. Pias and Paddies, Inc. that was due on April 26. Explains that if LP has not received it, he will look into the matter. [Letter from LP to Shutan May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: (Assorted Legal Disputes, 1950-1962), Box #3.057, Folder #57.7]
• Letter from Robert Schutz to LP, RE: Schutz has spoke with Engh and Engh would prefer that LP do not pay any bills at this time.  Rather Engh would like LP to send all bills to him and he will pay them and then later render LP a full accounting of the bills.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.2]                       
• Letter from Robert Schutz to LP, RE: Schutz personally witnessed on Tuesday evening the bulk erasure of all tape recordings of the proceedings of the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.2]
• Letter from Violet Orr to LP, RE: Orr would like LP to send her one more copy of the petition. [Filed under PL Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from William James Hall, M.A.,  to LP, RE: Mr. Hall was happy to read of LP’s Oslo Conference, and would like to draw to his attention the matter of Herman Kahn’s plans for a Doomsday Device, which he believes would discourage nuclear war if the whole world were held hostage through a device that could obliterate everything.  Mr. Hall would like to know if LP would be available be part of a suit to stop him from making such a machine, which has received little attention from the American media. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #168.1]                       
• Letter from William Schroeder to LP RE: Invites LP to speak at a yearly symposium put on by the Kalamazoo Section of the American Chemical Society.  Explains the details of the symposium. [Letter from LP to Schroeder May 17, 1961] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder #6.5]               
• Manuscript: The Oslo Conference, Conference of Greater New York Peace Groups. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.3]
• Program: “Report from the Oslo Conference to Halt the Spread of Nuclear Weapons,” The Conference of Greater New York Peace Groups, May 12, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.79] 
• Sample letter: “Dear Premier Khrushchev:,” [distributed in front of Carnegie Hall] May 12, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.80] 
• Telegram from Igna and Gunnar Beskow to LP, RE: The Beskows send their greetings and gratitude to LP and AHP. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]  
• Typescript: “The Blacklist and Your Freedom,” Herbert J. Biberman, May 12, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Civil Liberties – House Un-American Activities Committee, 1961-1963), Box #2.042, Folder #42.3]

• Hotel bill: The Biltmore, New York City [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Letter from Charles Porter to LP, RE: Porter thanks LP and AHP for their work and devotion to the Conference.  Porter thinks that it was one of the best organized and led conferences that he has ever been to.  [Reply from LP May 24, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]
• Letter from J. Culvewell to LP, RE: Culvewell would like LP to send more copies of his appeal. [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Kate Busch to LP, RE: Busch is sending LP signatures for the appeal.  Busch hopes for LP’s success in his efforts to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Ralph Anspach to LP, RE: Mr. Anspach gives his thoughts on nuclear warfare, and coins the term “humanicide” to describe it. [Letter from LP to Anspach, July 24, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4] 
• Newspaper Clipping: “They Protest,” New York Journal American, May 13, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.81]
• Publication: The Nation, May 13, 1961 25c.  [Filed under AHP materials re: Peace and Women: Box#4.010, Folder#10.8]
• Reprint, “Eyewitness in Havana,” The Nation. [Filed under LP Peace: (Issues of International Diplomacy and Human Rights, Cu-Ir), Box #6.014, Folder #14.1]

• Airline Ticket: Air France, New York to Los Angeles [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Itinerary: LP and AHP leave New York at 12:30 PM, arrive in Los Angeles at 3:30 PM [Filed under LP Travel, Box #1.003, Folder 3.1] 
• Note from T. Bali to LP, RE: Thanks LP for his fight for world peace. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #39.4] 

• Letter from A.F. Culverwell to LP, RE: Culverwell asks that LP send a copy of the petition to Nancy Marshall so that she may circulate it for signatures.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Charlotte Pomerantz to LP, RE: Pomerantz is sending LP a copy of the appeal with the signatures that he has collected.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Clyde Miller to LP, RE: Miller thinks that the petition is a worthy cause that has already stirred up questions in peoples’ minds.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Graham DuShane, Science, to LP. RE: Returns the manuscript of his article on general anesthesia so that LP can check the suggestions and queries before the type is set. Explains some specific problems they ran into. [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Individual Correspondence): Box #374 Folder #374.6]
• Letter from Joan R. Harris, Secretary to LP, to Professor Ernest Dzendolet, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, RE: As soon as reprints arrive, one will be sent to Dr. Dzendolet. [Letter from Dr. Dzendolet to LP, May 9, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (D: Correspondence, 1960-1966), #99.2]               
• Letter from LP to A. Topchiev, RE: LP thanks Topchiev for his advice regarding which laboratories to visit and which scientists to speak with, but regrets to inform him that, due to the weight of work and interference of different sorts, he must abandon his plans to visit the USSR during August, 1961, and cannot participate in the International Congress of Biochemistry. LP's colleague in the research of the chemical basis of mental disease, Dr. Kenneth N.F. Shaw, will, however, participate in the conference, and LP hopes that Shaw will be able to visit the Psychiatric institutes suggested by Topchiev. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Individual Correspondence. (Topchiev-Tyler)), #408.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Henry Klostergaard, Chairman, Division of Science and Mathematics, San Fernando Valley State College, RE: LP gives his recommendation of Dr. Girair Nazarian. [Letter from Klostergaard to LP, April 21, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Correspondence, 1957-1964), #288.5] 
• Letter from LP to Edmund Berkeley, RE: LP is happy to be a sponsor of the Boston Committee for Disarmament and Peace.  [Berkeley’s letter April 17, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am-Co), Box #4.010, Folder #10.4]
• Letter from LP to Irving Michelson RE: LP doe not have any comments for the draft Michelson sent other than that LP is generally pleased with the draft. [Letter from Michelson to LP May 9, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Strontium-90, 1961-1963: Box #7.014, Folder #14.8] 
• Letter from LP to Louise Andrews, RE: LP and AHP are agreeable to the idea of speaking in Chicago March 18th though 20th.  LP and AHP have just returned from the Oslo Conference and LP is enclosing a copy of the statement that was prepared by the participants.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am), Box #4.009, Folder #9.4]
• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling RE: LP suggests that the attached paper be published and asks Peter’s opinion about it. [Typescript: “The Sulvanite Puzzle Resolved” 1961] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1965), Box #1965a, Folder #1965a.8] 
• Letter from LP to Professor Eugene H. McLaren, Chemistry Department, State University of New York College of Education, RE: LP wishes he could accept the invitation to the Summer Institute, but his schedule is already too heavy. [Letter from Harris to McLaren, May 8, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Correspondence, 1957-1964), #288.5] 
• Letter from LP to Ralph L. Amey, Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Research Laboratory, Brown University, RE: States that LP’s son Peter has all the information on liquid water, which they have not published, and LP can therefore not send any to Mr. Amey at this time. [Note from Ralph L. Amey to LP, May 2, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4] 
• Letter from LP to Walker Downs, President, The Bonita Boosters Club, RE: LP is pleased to hear of the program of appreciation for Ellsworth M. Green, on the occasion of his retirement from teaching after more than 30 years.  He regrets that his schedule will not allow him to be there.  Handwritten at the bottom: “short biography of LP”.  [Letter from Mr. Downs to LP, undated] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (G: Correspondence, 1957-1961), #141.5] 
• Letter from LP to William Carr, RE: LP thanks Carr for writing to him about the difficulties that LP was having with the Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate.  LP believes that he has an obligation to keep fighting for civil rights and preventing the infringement or limitation of these civil rights.  Under separate cover LP is sending Carr some materials on this matter. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Leo Pach to LP, RE: Pach thanks LP for his efforts for peace.  Pach is sending in a petition and requests three more copies.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Mildred Ziegler to LP, RE: Ziegler requests two more copies of the appeal.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from P.P. Ewald to LP RE: Asks LP to fill out a questionnaire in addition to his personal reminiscence for the 50 year Commemoration of Crystallography. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a2, Folder 1961a2.5] 
• Letter from Rudolph Zaunick to LP, RE: (In German). [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Z: Correspondence, 1940-1980), #468.17]
• Memorandum from LP to Drs. Shaw and Perry. [Filed under LP Science: (Othomolecular Medicine and Mental Health: Materials re: Ford Foundation grants for the study of mental disorders, 1955-1966), Box #11.089, Folder #89.14]  

  15 May 1961

  To: Drs. Shaw and Perry

  From: Linus Pauling

  Subject: Catatonic schizophrenia

  In Norway I met a man, Dr. Gjessing, who for a long period, with his father, who died a couple of years ago, has worked on a treatment of catatonic schizophrenia by thyroid extract.

  I did not talk with him about this work, but have talked with Dr. Roberts about it. Dr. Gjessing gave a seminar at City of Hope a short while back. He told me about his visit to City of Hope, and I asked Dr. Roberts about it. The elder Dr. Gjessing was one of the leading psychiatrists in Norway.

  My understanding is that catatonic schizophrenia constitutes about three percent of all cases of schizophrenia and is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, but that it is now difficult to diagnose it because schizophrenic patients in general have been medicated so much as to make a differential diagnosis difficult. Dr. Gjessing and his father discovered some time back that thyroid extract given regularly by mouth to the patients cured then. For example, their chief laboratory technician has been on this treatment for twenty years. It was decided at one time to take him off the treatment, in order to see what would happen, and within a short while he had to be hospitalized. He was brought back to normal behavior as soon as he was put on the thyroid treatment.

  Dr. Gjessing is now writing a book about this matter.

  I understand that there has been no biochemical abnormality discovered in the patients with catatonic schizophrenia. Possibly some chemical studies could be initiated, with the collaboration of Dr. Gjessing.

  P.S. Are there deleterious effects to a thyroid therapy for people who do not show thyroid deficiency? Would it be worth while to try thyroid on schizophrenic patients other than those diagnosed as having catatonic schizophrenia?

• Newspaper Clipping: “Pauling Urges A-Ban Efforts,” Record, May 15, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.81]
• Newspaper clipping: “On Your Guard: New Red Peace Offensive”, by Jack Lotto, San Francisco Examiner. [Filed under LP Biographical: Correspondence, Newspaper Clippings: Jack Lotto, 1962: Box #3.058 Folder #58.2]
• Typescript: “Proposal to the National Science Foundation for a Research Grant: Antarctic Research Program,” submitted by Heinz A. Lowenstam. Approved and returned May 15, 1961 by LP. [Filed under LP Biographical: California Institute of Technology: Committee on Sponsored Research, 1960-1961), Box #1.026, Folder #26.4]

• LP notes. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Organizational Correspondence. (Ca-Ca)), #69.2]               
• Letter from Director Gunnar Jahn to LP RE: Thanks LP and AHP for their conference on nuclear weapons they held in Oslo. Jahn encloses an article published in the economic-political periodical Farmand titled “The Politician Pauling.” The article relates LP as a Communist sympathizer if not a Communist himself. Jahn wishes to have LP correct this description since many Norwegians read this periodical to find support for their own views. [Note from LP to Jahn May 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Science: (World Academy of Sciences, 1958-1963), Box #14.043, Folder #43.1]       
• Letter from Dr. Stuart C. Cullen, Professor of Anesthesia and Chairman of the Department, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, to LP, RE: Invites LP to be a part of a discussion panel on theories of narcosis at the meeting of the New York Postgraduate Assembly on Anesthesia. [Letter from LP to Dr. Cullen, May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #76.1] 
• Letter from Ester S. Frankel, to LP. RE: Informs him that her law office is representing a young woman who refused to take shelter during a Civil Defense drill. Asks him to recommend a scientist who could testify about the about the destructive force of the bombs and the radioactive after effects. [Letter from LP May 19, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: F: Correspondence, 1961: Box #129 Folder #129.5]               
• Letter from Gerald D. Olney to LP, RE: The Board of Governors of Section 1 - 11834 of Technocracy Inc. would like to sponsor a public lecture with LP as speaker. The date of the lecture would be whenever it would be most convenient to LP. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1956-1963), #411.6]
• Letter from Gerald M. Sears, Stromberg-Carlson Company, to Graham DuShane. RE: Encloses a copy of a research report which appeared in the May 15 Chemical and Engineering News. [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Organizational Correspondence): Box #374 Folder #374.6]
• Letter from Harvey Itano, Public Health Service to LP RE: Encloses a modified draft with references. Itano was not sure where to expand on the material and asks LP for his opinion. Asks LP if he has suggestions for a title. [Letter from LP to Itano May 29, 1961] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.9] 
• Letter from Herman J.C. Berendsen, MIT, to LP, RE: Mr. Berendsen is a physicist working on the hydration of proteins using NMR, and would like to visit LP when he is in Pasadena. [Letter from LP to Herman J.C. Berendsen, May 25, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #39.4] 
• Letter from LP to Dr. Charles D. Kochakian, University of Alabama Medical Center, RE: LP informs Dr. Kochakian that he cannot accept the invitation to speak at the University of Alabama Medical Center in the coming academic year, but hopes he can in the future. [Letter from Dr. Charles D. Kochakian to LP, May 9, 1961] [Letter from Dr. Charles D. Kochakian to LP, May 25, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4]
• Letter from LP to Dr. R. E. Muller, Manager, Basic Research, United States Gypsum Company, RE: LP is sorry to say that he has not done any significant work in the area of calcium sulfate hemihydrate and calcium sulfate dihydrate.  He is pleased to be asked to work as a consultant, but has a policy of not accepting such appointments. [Letter from Harris to Muller, May 8, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1959-1961), #258.3]
• Letter from LP to F. Albert Cotton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, RE: Grants permission to Cotton and Wilkinson to use the requested drawings from The Nature of the Chemical Bond in their forthcoming book.  Explains that Crellin Pauling made the drawings. [Letter from cotton to LP May 1, 1961] [Filed under LP Books: 1960b6.1]
• Letter from LP to Homer Page, RE: LP thanks Page for his interest in helping SANE and provides him with the contact information for two major peace organizations in the New York area. [Page’s letter May 12, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE, 1958-1966, 1982), Box #4.003, Folder #3.4] 
• Letter from LP to R. Robb Taylor, RE: LP wishes that he could participate in Taylor's Institute, June 5-7, but he cannot because he is scheduled to take part in the Third World Congress of Psychiatry in Montreal during those days. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1956-1963), #411.6]
• Letter from LP to Robert B. Godley, Babcock and Wilcox Company, Industrial Engineering Department, RE: LP informs Mr. Godley that he cannot accept the invitation to speak at the Akron Council of Engineering and Scientific Societies. [Letter from Robert Godley to LP, May 8, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4] 
• Letter from LP to Secretariat, Third World Youth Forum, RE: LP appreciates the invitation to deliver a lecture at the Third World Youth Forum to be held in Moscow from July 25th through August 3rd. However, LP regrets to say that his schedule for the summer does not permit him to accept the invitation. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960, 1962), #445.2]
• Letter from LP to Steven Obrebski RE: LP looks forward to seeing Obrebski’s article on the genetic effects of atomic bomb radiation.  LP is sending Obresbski a copy of the Proceedings of the 8th National Convention of National Science Teachers Association which contains a paper by LP on high energy radiation and its effect on man.  [Letter from Obrebski to LP April 29, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Fallout and Radiation Shelters, and Civil Defense, 1954-1961: Box #7.007, Folder #7.22]
• Letter from M.C. Verloop to LP, RE: Informs LP that he has been nominated as a corresponding member of the European Society of Haematology. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (V: Correspondence, 1933-1969), #427.21]
• Letter from Norman K. Allen to LP, RE: Mr. Allen describes his knowledge and interest in science and specifically comparative psycholinguistics.  He describes his plans to pursue a graduate degree, and asks LP for any suggestions as to where to obtain funding for this. [Letter from LP to Norman K. Allen, May 17, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4]
• Letter from Robert Schutz to LP, RE: Schutz is enclosing copies of letters of appreciation to the people who helped with the Conference.  Schutz notes that Engh will be considerably short on money because of some underestimated costs. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.2]
• Letter from William R. Eshelman, Editor, ‘California Librarian’, to LP. RE: Hopes he can count on LP’s article for the July issue. Informs him that the deadline is June 15. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1960) Folder # 1960s2 Box #1960s2.13] 
• Note from Don Myers to LP, RE: Myers is a third-year graduate student at U.C.L.A. working in physical chemistry, and hopes to devote his scientific life to continuing to understand the liquid state.  Since he is about to graduate, he would like to look for a way to help people enjoy life, such as decreasing international tensions, while he is young and hasn’t gotten caught up in making money.  He would like to spend about an hour speaking with LP on ways that he can help. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1959-1961), #258.3]
• Telegram from LP to The Office. RE: Informs them that he has agreed to go down to Los Angeles State College on Friday the 26th. Asks to be reminded the day before. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.5]

• LP notes: Discusses Dr. Morandini being in LP’s office. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Organizational Correspondence. (Ca-Ca)), #69.2]
• Letter from Alois Stoff, Internationale Der Kriegdienstgegner, to LP, RE: Written in German. [Letter from LP June 13, 1961] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s3 Folder #1961s3.3] 
• Letter from LP to Aldous Huxley, President, Board of Trustees, California Institute for Advanced Study, RE: LP submits his resignation as a member of the Advisory Board of the California Institute for Advanced Study, and would not like his name associated with the group.  He only wants to be a part of organizations that he can devote a significant amount of time to. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Organizational Correspondence. (Ca-Ca)), #69.2]
• Letter from LP to Barclay and Linda Kamb, RE: LP and AHP have been home for three days now, and the house is in good shape.  They stopped in New York for two days on their way home.  On the first night they spoke at Carnegie Hall about the Oslo Conference to a sold-out house.  AHP spoke the next night to the Women’s International League in Teaneck, New Jersey.  And tonight LP will give a report on the Conference at Culbertson Hall as part of the Carnegie Program.  They are very sorry that they weren’t able to see Linda and the family during their trip, and hope to see them at home soon.  [Filed under LP Biographical: Personal and Family: Linda Helen Pauling Kamb, 1940-1994), 1960-1969]
• Letter from LP to H.E. Wilcox, RE: LP thanks Wilcox for inviting him to speak to the chemistry faculty of Birmingham-Southern College. LP is sorry to say that his schedule for the coming year prevents him from accepting the invitation. LP was also unable to accept Dr. Kochakian's invitation to speak at the University of Alabama Medical Center. LP looks forward to visiting some time later. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960-1962), #445.2]
• Letter from LP to Henry Abrams, RE: LP thanks Abrams for arranging the Carnegie Hall Meeting.  LP reports that his expenses while in New York were $87.78 and is only asking that the Conference reimburse him and AHP for two-thirds of that amount. [Abrams’ reply May 23, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.3]       
• Letter from LP to Mrs. Alvin E. Winder, RE: LP thanks Winder for her invitation to speak at the Springfield Jewish Community Center in the fall, but unfortunately his schedule does not allow him to accept. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960-1962), #445.2]
• Letter from LP to Norman K. Allen, RE: LP informs Mr. Allen that he is interested in Mr. Allen’s desire to study psycholinguistics instead of chemistry, and suggests that he take some courses in psychology as an undergraduate, therefore increasing his chances of getting into a graduate program. [Letter from LP to Norman K. Allen, May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4] 
• Letter from LP to William Schroeder RE: LP apologizes because he will not be able to make it to the symposium in Kalamazoo even though it interests him very much. Handwritten “ACS” in upper right corner. [Letter from Schroeder to LP May 12, 1961] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder #6.5] 
• Letter from Paul Hanson to LP, RE: Hanson requests another copy of the appeal.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Note from Larry Gile to LP, RE: Mr. Gile, a student in intermediate school, was assigned in his science class to write to a Nobel Prize winner of the past ten years and give a talk about him to the class.  He chose LP because his work sounds very interesting, and he would like to know how LP became interested in molecular structures.  He would like a copy of LP’s Nobel lecture as well as a signed photo. [Letter from LP to Mr. Gibb, May 24, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (G: Correspondence, 1957-1961), #141.5]
• Program: “Arms Control Lectures,” Carnegie Program: Science and Government, May 17, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.82] 
• Progress Report: ‘Five Months of Peace Activities’, Conference of Greater New York Peace Groups. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.4] 
• Typescript: “Biology Proposal for research on photosynthetic efficiency of conifers,” submitted by R.D. Owen, approved and returned May 19, 1961by LP. [Filed under LP Biographical: California Institute of Technology: Committee on Sponsored Research, 1960-1961), Box #1.026, Folder #26.5] 

• Letter from Calvin L. Stevens, Wayne State University, to LP. RE: Informs him that he was very pleased to have the opportunity to talk with him at the cocktail party given for the Russians by Professor Bacher. Hopes LP can meet Pierre Piganiol while in France. [Letter from LP May 26, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from Edmund Berkeley to LP, RE: The Boston Committee for Disarmament and Peace will be able to provide LP with $100 for his video-taped interview.  Berkeley provides LP with some questions that may be asked of him during the interview.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Assorted Peace Groups, Am-Co), Box #4.010, Folder #10.4]               
• Letter from Henry Abrams to LP, RE: Abrams thanks LP for his participation in the meeting in New York on Friday.  Abrams will keep LP up to date on the committee’s developments.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Idabelle Lewis Main to LP, RE: Main read about the Oslo Conference and the Oslo Statement in the Pasadena Independent and would like to have more information about this matter.  [Reply from LP July 19, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]
• Letter from John N. Patterson, P.M.B. #897, Federal Prison Camp, to LP RE: Patterson is planning  on going into the manufacturing of hair straightener when he is released from prison, and would like to know what a good organic substitute for sodium hydroxide would be. [Letter from LP to Patterson May 25, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #314.2]
• Letter from LP to Bob Minick. RE: Requests a confirmation of the date for his presentation at the St. Paul’s Methodist Church. [Letter from Minick August 12, 1961] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box #1961s3 Folder #1961s3.8] 
• Letter from LP to Dr. David Pressman, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, RE: LP is going to present a paper on the nature of the antibody-antigen complex in San Francisco on October 6, and would like a set of Pressman’s papers on the subject. [Letter from Pressman to LP, May 23, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Individual Correspondence. (Polunin - Pritikin)), #309.7] 
• Letter from LP to Dr. DuBridge, RE: LP read the letter form the “successful young Caltech alumnus” with interest, but can’t suggest anything worthwhile for Dr. DuBridge to do about him.  He is a “hopeless case-probably a junior member of the John Birch Society”. [Letter from Dr. DuBridge to LP, May 8, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (D: Individual Correspondence. (Dil-Dyson)), #96.13]
• Letter from LP to Dr. M. Feigen, Space Technology Laboratories, Inc.. RE: Has decided that he should not accept the invitation to speak before the STL branch of the RESA during the coming academic year. [Letter from Feigen May 2, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from LP to Eugene Hoff, RE: LP was pleased to receive Mr. Hoff’s letter, but he does not accept graduate students anymore, because he feels he does not have the time to supervise them properly.  He thinks there is a lot of opportunity for people who have an M.D. degree as well as sound training in physical chemistry.  If he is interested in coming to Caltech, he should contact the Secretary of Graduate Studies for the application form. [Note from Mr. Hoff to LP, April 29, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #168.1]
• Letter from LP to Gabriel S. Thomas. RE: Has reached the conclusion that his experience in his field is not extensive enough to justify giving him any advice or making any comments. [Letter from Thomas May 2, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1960) #411.5] 
• Letter from LP to Joel M. Rein RE: Tells Rein that he has not done any work on the subject of brain volume, but that he remembers mentioning that about 700,000 years ago there were mutations resulting in an increase in brain volume that led to a new species, homo sapiens. Handwritten note in top, right corner: “Anesthesia reprint mailed.” [Handwritten note from Rein to LP April 24, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (R: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #342.2] 
• Letter from LP to Kenneth H. Albers, RE: LP thanks Mr. Albers for pointing out his mistake in the structure of vitamin D3. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4] 
• Letter from LP to Lloyd Smith, RE: LP is enclosing a $500.00 check from Stanley Kramer.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from LP to Martin A. Shearn, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals. RE: Is pleased to learn about the plans for the symposium on Immunology and Disease. Informs him that there are no errors on the program as given. Asks that his middle initial not be used. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s3 Folder #1961s3.6] 
• Letter from LP to Mrs. Florence G. Ruehl RE: Explains that he is not involved in the selection of students for the admission to CIT and is not willing to interfere in the work of the freshman admission committee. Tells Ruehl that it is possible for her son to receive a good education in science at another university. Suggests Berkeley, UCLA, Harvey Mudd, and Reed College. Says that her son can make an appointment if he would like to talk to LP. [Letter from Ruehl to LP May 12, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (R: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #342.2] 
• Letter from LP to Robert W. Chandler RE: Thanks Chandler for his letter and thanks the Ford Foundation for extending the time period which he can use his funding for mental disease research. [Filed under LP Science: (Orthomolecular Medicine and Mental Health: Materials re: Ford Foundation grants for they study of mental disorders, 1955-1966), Box #11.088, Folder #88.9] 
• Letter from LP to Shirley Triest, RE: LP encloses two copies of the appeal for Triest and thanks her for her contribution to the effort for peace.  [Triest’s letter May 3, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from LP to Stanley Kramer, RE: LP thanks Kramer for his $500.00 donation to the Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons.  LP notes that the Oslo Conference was a thorough success and will be sending Kramer a report in the next couple of weeks.  [Kramer’s letter April 19, 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Marco F. Hellman, Mount Zion Hospital and Medical Center, to LP. RE: Informs him that they have decided to present a certificate to the Franklin I. Harris Lecturer each year. Forwards his retroactively. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1960) Box #1961s Folder #1961s.22] 
• Letter from Michael Parker to LP, RE: Parker is enclosing copies of the petition that have been circulated by some student peace union members in Chicago.  Parker hopes that these will be of help in LP’s efforts to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Dr. Pauling Raps Militaristic World,” Pasadena (California) Star-News, May 18, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.83]
• Note from LP to Director Gunnar Jahn RE: LP responds to the charges made in the article “Politician Pauling” published in the Farmand. Explains what organizations he is a member of, explains that he wrote a letter to president Eisenhower supporting clemency for the Rosenburgs, and explains the his writing of the Hiroshima Appeal. Apologizes for the attack on Jahn since LP and AHP held their conference in the Nobel Institute and the University. Discusses the other talks he and his wife have given. [Letter from Jahn to LP May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Science: (World Academy of Sciences, 1958-1963), Box #14.043, Folder #43.1]
• Publication: “Fallout in Norwegian Milk in 1960,” Norwegian Defense Research Establishment.  [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Strontium-90, 1961-1963: Box #7.014, Folder #14.3]
• Typescript: “Research Proposal submitted for consideration for a Gran-in-Aid from American Petroleum Institute,” submitted by G.J. Wasserburg, approved and returned May 18, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: California Institute of Technology: Committee on Sponsored Research, 1960-1961), Box #1.026, Folder #26.5] 

• Letter from Anne Friedberg to LP, RE: Friedberg is sending in signatures for the appeal that were obtained from faculty and students at the Heights campus of New York University.  Friedberg asks for more copies of the petition to circulate.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Edwin H. Wilson, Executive Director of the American Humanist Association to LP RE: Form letter explaining that they can send three to five extra copies of the issue LP’s article was published in and more copies at $0.25 each. Lists the prices for reprints and also says that this form can be used to subscribe to the Humanist. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box  #1961a, Folder #1961a.7]
• Letter from F.M. Kelly to LP, RE: Kelly would like to have LP come to Winnipeg sometime next fall for a speaking tour.  Kelly requests a copy of the press release about the Oslo Conference and also mentions that he is actively circulating LP’s appeal to the United Nations.   [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Frances W. Herring to Nancy Reeves, RE: Says that June 8th is a much better date for her schedule.  Suggests that Reeves, as the planner and designer, should prepare a recapitulation of the first two sessions and also advocates furthering a voluntary session in order to continue work. [Enclosed with letter from Reeves to AHP May 24, 1961] [Filed under AHP materials re: Peace and Women: (Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom: 1959-1981), Box#4.001, Folder#1.1]
• Letter from Francis Heisler to Plaintiffs in the case of LP, et al appellants, vs. Neil McElroy, et al, appellees, RE: Heisler informs the Plaintiffs that the Supreme Court has handed down and adverse decision and Heisler is enclosing a copy of the opinion. [Filed under LP Peace: (The Fallout Suits, 1958-1962), Box #6.001, Folder #1.9] 
• Letter from I. T. Rosenqvist to Mr. Abrams, RE: Rosenqvist is not able to send any messages to the meeting in the Carnegie Hall, but would like to express his gratitude for the Paulings and their work for peace.  Rosenqvist thinks that the Oslo Statement should be read and studied by as many people as possible.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]
• Letter from LP to Esther S. Frankel. RE: Recommends Jay Orear and Philip Morrison to help her. Suggests that she ask Seymour Melman’s advice. [Letter from Frankel May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: F: Correspondence, 1961: Box #129 Folder #129.5] 
• Letter from LP to Gerald D. Olney, RE: LP thanks Olney for his invitation to speak at a public lecture sponsored by the Board of Governors of Technocracy. However, LP's schedule is so full during the next few months that he has decided not to accept the offer. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1956-1963), #411.6]
• Letter from LP to Professor Swift, cc: Mrs. Townsend, RE: Recommends that Dr. Ridgeway be reappointed as Research Fellow in Chemistry from July 1 - September 30, 1961 and that his salary is increased to $500 per year. [Filed under LP Correspondence (R: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #342.2] 
• Letter from LP to Professor William T. Ham, Jr., Chairman of the Department of Biophysics and Biometry at the Medical College of Virginia, RE: Informs Ham that Dr. Don Ridgeway asked LP to write to Ham regarding his possible appointment as Associate Professor of Biophysics. Explains that Ridgeway is well-trained in the fields relating to biological macromolecules, chemistry, biology, physics, and biophysics of large molecules. Tells Ham that Ridgeway can be relied upon to produce excellent work and to be a great teacher. [Filed under LP Correspondence (R: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #342.2] 
• Letter from LP to Truman A. Harris and Son, RE: In connection with replacing the clock in LP's Ford, LP needs to have the guaranty. However, he has mislaid it. Could Harris send a letter stating that LP bought the car from him at a certain time, some six months ago? [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1956-1963), #411.6]
• Letter from Linda Hopkins, LP’s secretary, to Julie P. Lewis RE: LP says that they can keep and use the films until the end of May. [Letter from Lewis to Harris May 2, 1961] [Filed under LP Science: (National Science Foundation: Grants, Exhibits, 1954-1964), Box #14.030, Folder #30.5] 
• Letter from Mrs. John Crane to LP, RE: Crane congratulates LP in his meeting in Carnegie Hall and for his contributions to world peace.  Crane is working with Cr. Alexander Meikeljohn, Frank Wilkinson and Carl Braden on putting together a petition to President Kennedy.  Crane asks if LP can send her the list of names the was used in sending out copies of LP’s petition.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Robert Zemsky, Whittier College, to LP. RE: Invites him to address the first annual Whittier College symposium on October 17. [Letter from LP June 19, 1961] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1960) Folder # 1960s3 Box #1960s3.8] 
• Letter from the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom New Jersey Branch to WILPF members, RE: Provides a summary of the events and news from the preceding year.  Mentions that their most recent and successful meeting was addressed by both LP and AHP who spoke on “The Prevention of the Spread of Nuclear Weapons.”  [Filed under AHP materials re: Peace and Women: (Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom: 1959-1981), Box#4.001, Folder#1.1]
• Magazine Article: “Hammy Hamlets,” American Legion Magazine, pp. 4, May 19, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.84]
• Magazine Article: “Who's Sane?,” American Legion Magazine, pp. 12, May 19, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.84]
• Receipt from First Western Bank to LP RE: “Receipt Portion.”  For a deposit. $1,036.59.  [Envelope 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.1]

• Letter from A. Ch. Pouyouros, Mayor of Famagusta, Cyprus to LP, RE: Pouyouros adds his name to the signers of the appeal.  Pouyouros notes that the citizens of his town are peace loving people with great respect for LP and his work for peace. [Filed under LP Peace: (Materials re: petition signers, Australia - Yugoslavia, 1961), Box #5.014, Folder #14.1]
• Letter from Don Schroeder, to LP. RE: Introduces himself as a former student at CIT. Is working on mathematically deriving the area needed for citrus trees. Asks if LP knows anyone who would like to work on it with him. [Letter from LP May 25, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from Doris Loewi, Conference of Greater New York Peace Groups, to LP and AHP. RE: Thanks him for speaking at the conference. Asks how they can help to distribute the Oslo statement. Asks for a statement of his expenses. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.3] 
• Magazine Article: Letter to the editor about LP.  TIME. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.37]

• Letter from Leonard Rodinsky to LP, RE: Rodinsky is sending LP some signatures for the appeal.  Rodinsky tells LP how much me admires the work that he is doing for peace and hopes that he will be able to continue this effort.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of the Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Note from Paul and Julia Perlin to LP RE: Discusses the movement to write-in LP’s name on the ballot. [Letter from LP to Perlin May 25, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #314.2]

• Advertisement: “If the youth of American really want to do something for the world–they might go to work,” Newsweek. [Filed under LP Peace: Pauling Peace Research Notes: Box #6.012, Folder #12.3]               
• LP Notes RE: “Antiferromagnetism.” Handwritten. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP), Box #1962a3, Folder #1962a3.9] 
• Letter from Altan Zeki Unver to LP, RE: Unver hopes that the signatures he mailed in at the beginning of April reached LP in time for the presentation to the United Nations.  Unver is sending LP a newspaper clipping about a recent panel discussion that was held on the topic of nuclear disarmament with representatives from three Turkish universities and from Russia.  Unver asks that LP keep him updated on the outcome of his appeal to the United Nations.  [Letter from LP to Unver July 13, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]  
• Letter from Dr. Albert Malte Wagner to LP, RE: Wagner requests that LP add his wife’s name to the list of signers of the appeal as both he and his wife are very thankfully for the work that LP is doing for peace.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]                                                       
• Letter from Dr. Yuri Kruglyak, Case Institute of Technology, to LP, RE: Dr. Kruglyak and LP met in Cleveland discussed the nature of bonds in solvates and the calculation of the energy of solvation of ions.  Sends two articles connected with this topic, and asks that LP send any information he has. [Letter from LP to Dr. Kruglyak, July 7, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1957-1962), #201.5]
• Letter from E. E. Neely to LP RE: Says he has been a member of Continental Classroom since last fall and he was very interested in LP’s lecture on proteins. Asks if LP has any additional information available on proteins. [Letter from Harris to Neely February 17, 1962] [Filed under LP Correspondence, N: Correspondence 1957-1964 Box 288, Folder 288.6]  
• Letter from Edmund C. Berkeley, Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., to LP, RE: Asks LP if he is interested in helping to make a Chemistry Kit to be sold by Science Materials Center.  Thanks LP for his recent letters; the Boston Committee for Disarmament and Peace is happy that he will be a sponsor of their activities. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence. (Beach-Birge)), #27.13]
• Letter from I.F. Culuwill to LP, RE: Culuwill is sending in signed petitions and notes that his name already appears on another copy of the petition.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from LP to L.S. Birks, RE: There is one student in LP's research group, Ned C. Webb, who Birks might consider hiring sometime in 1962, after Webb receives his Ph.D. Webb has done work with intermetallic compounds and working toward the development of a computer program for the refinement of structures of any cubic space group. Webb has shown promising abilities as an x-ray crystallographer and will certainly be suited for the position indicated in Birks's letter. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960, 1962), #445.2]
• Letter from Lucile Pauling to AHP and LP RE: Writes that she heard LP was in Oslo several weeks ago. Also mentions that she received two packets from the Senate Judiciary with all the testimony and conclusions enclosed, which she found very unjust. Writes that her grandson is doing well and everyone has just been working as usual. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Family Correspondence: Frances Lucile Pauling [Jenkins], 1922-1992), Box #5.053, Folder #53.14] 
• Letter from Mansi Kern to LP, RE: Kern is enclosing signatures for the appeal and asks that LP send some more copies to her.  Kern thanks LP for the work that he is doing for peace. [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Marie Haug, RE: Apologizes for the mimeograph, but by the time everyone receives this letter she will be in the Women’s Federal Reformatory in Alderson, West Virginia.  She and Fred tried to appeal for probation, but were denied.  However, they will be serving their sentences consecutively, so that one of them may be with their daughter.  They have appealed to the President, with no response yet.  Gives other details about their situation. [Letter from LP to President Kennedy, June 14, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #168.1]
• Letter from William W. Rubey to LP RE: Rubey writes in response to LP’s letter of May 9th and says he is deeply distressed to learn about the conversation LP had with someone who quoted Rubey as having said that LP was once an officer in the French Communist Party. Rubey says that he has no recollection of ever had made such a statement. Rubey attempts to recall any discussions he may have had that would have prompted such a remark. [Filed under LP Safe: Drawer #2, Folder #2.039]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pauling’s Report on Oslo Peace Conference.” National Guardian. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: Newspaper Clippings, Magazine and Journal Articles related to LP, 1961: Box #1961n, Folder #1961n.38]
• Note from R. Clay Jackson to LP, RE: Discusses his thoughts on disease and war vs. peace.  [Filed under LP Correspondence: (J: Correspondence, 1933-1934, 1936-1964), #192.27]
• Research Notebook of LP RE: One-Electron bonds and Antiferromagnetism, p. 260-263. [Filed under LP Research Notebooks: 23R] 

• Letter from Dr. David Pressman, Director of Cancer Research in Biochemistry, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, to LP, RE: Pressman sends a copy of their recent publication as well as a proof for “Acetylation of Antibody and the Effect on Precipitin Reaction” which just appeared in the Journal of Immunology.  Also sends a manuscript of a walk he will be giving this June at the National Colloid Symposium.  He recently read about LP’s work on the structure of water, and asks if he might send him what he has written on the subject.  Handwritten at the top: “For my Antigen lecture Fall 1961.”  Attachment: Symposium Abstract, “The determination of the structure of substances in aqueous solutions by immunochemical means,” by David Pressman. [Letter from LP to Pressman, May 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Individual Correspondence. (Polunin - Pritkin)), #309.7]
• Letter from E.C. Kleiderer, Eli Lilly and Company, to LP RE: Explains that he heard LP’s TV lecture on protein structure the previous week and was wondering how LP’s supply of potassium penicillin V is holding out. Writes that he will send an additional supply whenever LP needs it. [Letter from LP to Kleiderer May 26, 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: (Assorted Biographical Materials), Box #5.060, Folder #60.1] 
• Letter from Henry Abrams to LP, RE: Abrams thanks LP for attending the Carnegie Meeting and notes that it was LP and AHP that made the meeting successful.  Abrams notes that Thursday’s meeting arrived at no conclusions and that the problem is how to encourage local committees in activities while preserving a national approach to issues.  [LP’s letter May 17, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.3]
• Letter from Thomas H. Einstein, NASA, to B.H. Sage, Caltech, RE: Encloses a discussion of some of his views regarding measurements in turbulent channel flow, which he thinks Sage might be interested in. Also comments on several other subjects of interest and asks for Sage’s views and comments on the goals and ideas he wrote about. [Letter from Sage to Einstein June 13, 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: (California Institute of Technology: Committee on Sponsored Research, 1960-1961), Box #1.026, Folder #26.7] 
• Letter from Vally Weigl to AHP, RE: Weigl has been in contact with three radio stations and a television station who are interested in WNTA and wold be interested in interviewing LP and AHP about the Oslo Conference and the peace movement.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Newspaper Clipping, “An Open Letter to Chairman Khrushchev,” The New York Times. [Filed under LP Peace: (Publications by and about SANE, 1960-1964), Box #4.005, Folder #5.10]
• Typescript: “Proposal to NASA-JPL for Research on Advanced Programming Techniques and their Application to Systems Optimization Problems,” submitted by G.D. McCann, approved and returned June 2, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: California Institute of Technology: Committee on Sponsored Research, 1960-1961), Box #1.026, Folder #26.5] 

• Letter from Edgar Schmidt, to LP. RE: Requests an autographed photo. [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from Funmi Rahsome Kuti to AHP, RE: Kuti is sending AHP a copy of the translation of the appeal to the United Nations.  Kuti notes that the signatures they receive will be forwarded to the United Nations.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from J. Heyrovsky to LP, RE: Heyrovsky regrets that his bad health did not permit him to attend the Oslo Conference.  Heyrovsky thanks LP for the early copy of the Oslo Conference Statement.  Heyrovsky would like to have an additional ten copies of the statement if possible. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.002, Folder #2.2]
• Letter from Kreuzhage, Verlag Chemie, to LP RE: Written in German. Inquires about plans for the publication of new editions of LP’s books, College Chemistry and General Chemistry.  Attaches a letter written to Kreuzhage by Friedrich Hefferich. [Letter from LP to Kreuzhage June 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Books: 1953b.2]
• Letter from LP to Charles Porter, RE: LP congratulates Porter on his new job.  LP is arranging to have the Conference statement printed.  When the statement is ready, LP will send some copies to Porter.  [Porter’s letter May 13, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]
• Letter from LP to Larry Gile, RE: LP sends a copy of his Nobel lecture, as well as an autographed picture.  LP became interested in crystal structure as a student in college when he became interested in how electrons are involved in holding atoms together in molecules.  After graduation, he read the book X-Rays and Crystal Structure by W.H. and W.L. Bragg, which discussed how to determine the structures of crystals using x-ray diffraction.  He began work on this as a graduate student. [Note from Mr. Gibb to LP, May 17, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (G: Correspondence, 1957-1961), #141.5]
• Letter from LP to Professor Christopher Longuet-Higgins, RE: Notifies Professor Longuet-Higgins that William R. Bauer has received one of twelve Merit Awards open to undergraduates of chemistry or chemical engineering. [Letter from LP to Professor H.C. Longuet-Higgins, April 12, 1961] [Letter from Professor H.C. Longuet-Higgins to LP, October 23, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #39.4] 
• Letter from LP to Professor O. Bastiansen, Chemistry Department, Oregon State University, RE: Tells Professor Bastiansen how the Oslo meeting went.  Asks that he find some time to come to Pasadena to work on studies concerning the nature of antiferromagnetism. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Individual Correspondence. (“Basic Scientist”-Bay)), #24.3]
• Letter from LP to Roy Jacobsen, RE: LP informs Jacobsen that while there is not a list of the addresses for the initial signers of the petition, most of this information is available in the International Who’s Who.   [Jacobsen’s letter April 24, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from LP to Rudolph Zaunick, RE: LP is sending, under separate cover, a set of reprints of his earlier papers and a copy of his book, College Chemistry. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Z: Correspondence, 1940-1980), #468.17]
• Letter from LP to Stephen Fritchman, RE: LP is enclosing a copy of his letter to Roy Jacopsen.  LP thanks Fritchman for letting him use the church’s copy of “Who’s Who in America.” [Fritchman’s letter April 25, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Margaret Russell to LP, RE: Russell has about $800.00 worth of checks made out to LP for contributions to the conference.  Russell is waiting for LP to tell her where to send them so that she can avoid paying the income tax on them.  [Reply from LP May 31, 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Mrs. Grazia Denig Shaw to LP RE: Shaw asks if there is a factor in the diet of children which increases their risk for leukemia.  Shaw asks if there are parts of the country which are immune to the effects of fallout.  [Letter from LP to Shaw July 13, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Strontium-90, 1961-1963: Box #7.014, Folder #14.8]
• Letter from Nancy Reeves to AHP, RE: Encloses a letter from Dr. Herring to Reeves regarding suggestions about the seminar and the proposal for a recapitulation of the two preceding sessions.  Notes that the organization has had a shortage on working members, and hopes that the seminar will attract new members. [Enclosed letter from Herring to Reeves May 19, 1961]  [Filed under AHP materials re: Peace and Women: (Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom: 1959-1981), Box#4.001, Folder#1.1]

• Letter from Dr. Charles D. Kochakian, University of Alabama Medical Center, to LP, RE: Dr. Kochakian expresses his disappointment that LP cannot speak at the University of Alabama Medical Center, and re-extends the invitation for another year. [Letter from LP to Dr. Charles D. Kochakian, May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #13.4] 
• Letter from Dr. R.B. Krone, Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, University of California, to LP  RE: Dr. Krone has read with interest LP’s work on the structure of water, and sends a series of papers on molecular water structures prepared for publication by the Journal of Geophysical Research. Attachment: “A Theory of the Molecular Structure of Water; Part I. Evidence for Several Molecular Structures of Water; Part II. Bond Details from Thermal Data; Part III. A System of Molecular Structures”. [Letter from LP to Dr. Krone  May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1957-1962), #201.5]
• Letter from Edmund A. Gullion, Deputy Director, United States Disarmament Administration, to Dr. David R. Inglis, Argonne National Laboratory, RE: Mr. Gullion appreciates the letter concerning Dr. Inglis’s discussion with Soviet participants at the Oslo Conference, but doesn’t think that the Soviets will accept anything less than the “administrative triumvirate proposed by Tsarapkin” at the March 21 meeting of the Geneva Test Ban Conference.   He doesn’t think that the Soviets will agree to any kind of nuclear inspection.  However, he recognizes that Dr. Inglis is trying to increase East and West understanding by sending this letter. [Letter from Dr. Inglis to Mr. Gullion, June 2, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (I: Individual Correspondence. (Ibers-Itano)), #181.2]
• Letter from Elvira Goettsch to LP RE: Says that startling events after LP’s visit caused them grave concern. Informs LP that their grant has been renewed and discusses the results from their amino acid chromatograms. Hopes to see LP in June when she visits her mother. [Letter from LP to Goettsch May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Science: (Orthomolecular Medicine and Mental Health: Materials re: Ford Foundation grants for the study of mental disorders, 1955-1966), Box #11.088, Folder #88.15] 
• Letter from John Brebner, Editorial Associates Limited, to LP  RE: Informs him of a book of photographs of men and women of outstanding international reputation that is being considered for publication. Invites him to be a part of the book. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.7]
• Letter from LP to Don Schroder. RE: Does not think that the matter of spacing citrus trees can be handled effectively in mathematics. [Letter from Schroder May 20, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from LP to Dr. Herman J.C. Berendsen, RE: LP will see him in Pasadena, and is interested in his work on the hydration of proteins using NMR. [Letter from Herman J.C. Berendsen to LP, May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #39.4] 
• Letter from LP to Hugh L. Dryden RE: Encloses three manuscripts by John E. Hearst and Jerome Vinograd to communicate for publication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Asks that the proof be sent to Vinograd at Caltech. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1955-1969), Box #14.021, Folder #21.4]
• Letter from LP to John N. Patterson, P.M.B. No. 897, Federal Prison Camp RE: LP is interested to hear of Patterson’s plans, but his training is in physical chemistry rather than organic, so he can’t be much help. [Letter from Patterson to LP May 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #314.2] 
• Letter from LP to Mr. and Mrs. Perlin. [Note from Perlins to LP May 21, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #314.2]

  25 May 1961

  Dear Mr. and Mrs. Perlin:

  Since receiving your telephone call and your letter I have thought about the matter of my making a statement about the question of writing my name in as a candidate.

  I have not heard anything about this except from you, and I feel that there is no justification for me to make a public statement unless additional evidence reaches me.

  I must say that I am troubled to know that the Democratic Party in Los Angeles is not willing to put up and support a good candidate for mayor of the city.

  Sincerely yours,

  [Linus Pauling]

• Letter from LP to Virginia Mill, RE: LP is not able to spare any time in the next week because LP must get ready for his trip to the East.  LP is enclosing a copy of the release on the Oslo Statement.  LP suggests that Mill may be able to get more information from Dr. Ziferstein.  [Mill’s letter May 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.4]
• Letter from Stan Clark, San Jose City College, to LP  RE: Confirms LP’s speaking engagement on April 12, 1962. Would like to have him and AHP for dinner before hand. Asks for a biographical sketch, some glossy photographs and other publicity materials. [Letter from LP May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.12]
• Memorandum from Arnold B. Larson to LP, RE: Unification of all disarmament proponents in a nationally coordinated movement to demand an end to civil defense. [Letter from LP to Larson June 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Fallout and Radiation Shelters, and Civil Defense, 1954-1961: Box #7.007, Folder #7.22]               
• Memorandum from LP to Professor Swift. RE: Recommends that Dr. Shaw’s salary be increased. Explains why. [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Individual Correspondence): Box #363 Folder #363.1] 
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pauling Gives Report at Tech on Oslo Conference,” Pasadena California Tech, May 25, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1961-1965), Box #6.008, Folder #8.83]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pauling Parade and ‘Lunatic Left’,” Berkeley (Cal.) Daily Gazette, May 25, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Articles and Newspaper Clippings re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1966), Box #2.023, Folder #23.15]

• Article: “An Open Letter to President Kennedy,” The New York Times. [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE: Materials regarding Dodd Committee Investigation and Subsequent Controversy Over Membership of Communists in SANE, 1960-1962), Box #4.004, Folder #4.3]
• Article: “In the Senate: The Debate on Education; The Internal Security Committee Studies Disarmament,” Science, May 26, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Articles and Newspaper Clippings re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1966), Box #2.023, Folder #23.16]
• Envelope from First Western Bank:  Pasadena, California. Writing in black ink on the front.  [Envelope from First Western Bank 4-61 and June 22, 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.030, Folder #30.2]
• Letter from Arthur Pennington to LP, RE: Pennington is enclosing signed petitions from Unitarian Fellowships in British Columbia.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Dr. Henry W. Kumm, Associate Director, Medical and Natural Sciences, The Rockefeller Foundation, to LP, RE: One of the fellows of the Rockefeller Foundation, Dr. Ronald Gebert-Oisel, wishes to apply to the California Institute of Technology for advanced training in biochemistry.  Dr. Kumm inquires as to where his application should be addressed. Enclosure: Dr. Gebert-Oisel’s Curriculum Vitae.  [Letter from LP to Dr. Kumm, May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (G: Correspondence, 1957-1961), #141.5]
• Letter from J.B. Culbertson, Professor of Chemistry, Cornell College, to LP, RE: Invites LP to the Midwestern Association of Chemistry Teachers in Liberal Arts Colleges annual meeting, and asks if LP could address the group. [Letter from LP to Dr. Culbertson, May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #76.1] 
• Letter from LP to Calvin L. Stevens, Wayne State University. RE: Informs him that he met Pierre Piganiol at the ceremony at Hotel de Ville in Paris on 22 April. Thanks him for arranging the introduction. [Letter from Stevens May 18, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from LP to E.C. Kleiderer, Eli Lilly and Company, RE: Writes that he is pleased Kleiderer saw the TV lecture and mentions that he has been working recently on a new theory of general anesthesia. Explains that a paper on the theory will be published soon in Science and he will send Kleiderer a reprint when it is available. Also responds that his supply of potassium penicillin V is sufficient to last until the fall. [Letter from Kleiderer to LP May 23, 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: (Interviews with and about Linus Pauling, 1960-1964), Box #5.020, Folder #20.2]
• Letter from M. S. Arnoni, Editor of The Minority of One newsletter, to LP and AHP, RE: Recalls the pleasure of meeting LP in person. Asks LP to lead a peace activity mentioned in an enclosed newsletter article. [Letter from LP to M. S. Arnoni, March 4, 1961] [Letter from M. S. Arnoni to LP and AHP, June 20, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Individual Correspondence) # 6.15]
• Letter from Philys Baker to LP, RE: Baker thanks LP for sending a copy of the Oslo Statement.  Baker congratulates LP on the success of the Oslo Conference.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from R.A. Butler, Royal College of Surgeons, London, to LP, RE: Requests information on “ice crystal” formation in cell membranes, which LP made a reference to in one of his articles. [Letter from LP to Dr. R.A. Butler, May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #39.4] 

• Letter from A.M. Benschop to LP, RE: Mr. Benschop has been having unconscious spells, and believes it is caused from smoking and drinking coffee.  Relates his previous medical examinations, and asks LP for advice. [Letter from LP to A.M. Benschop, May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #39.4]
• Letter from Ezra Schaffer, to LP. RE: Informs him that they visited Cuba recently, and that the students there would like LP to come visit. Invites him to visit him in Detroit. [Letter from LP June 1, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from Hannah Bernheim Rosensweig to AHP, RE: Encloses a form of the appeal that has been includes a translation from English into Hebrew in which they have sent out to hundreds of individuals with hope of returned signatures.  Says it is far from certain that the Israel sections can have delegation to the USA Congress as the fare is forbidding. [Letter from AHP to Rosensweig June 23, 1961]  [Filed under AHP materials re: Peace and Women: (Correspondence: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 1959-1981), Box#4.001, Folder#1.1]
• Letter from Jerome Davis, Promoting Enduring Peace, Inc. to LP RE: Asks if LP can make a recording for “My Life Adventure” of about 15 minutes, with whatever he wants to say. [Letters from Davis to LP April 1, 1961 and June 12, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #314.2] 
• Letter from Mrs. C.M. Best to LP and AHP, RE: Best is providing a list of contributors with their addresses and the amount of their contributions for the Paulings records.  The total amount donated by the Berkeley chapter of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom is now $189.00.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Professor P.I. Ittyerah, Head of Chemistry Department, St. John’s College, to LP, RE: Sends a paper written by one of Professor Ittyerah’s students, Wazir Chand.  Asks if LP could go through and comment on it.  Attachments: Manuscript of “Contribution of Valence Bonds of a Liquid Molecule to Specific Heat” by W.C. Vasudeva; author’s copy of “Contribution of Valence Bonds of a Gaseous Molecule to γ-the Ratio of its Two Specific Heats”. [Letter from LP to Professor Ittyerah, August 21, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (I: Correspondence, 1936-1973), #185.22]
• Newspaper Clipping: ‘The Hidden Heart’ by E. L. Grant Watson, The Saturday Evening Post. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.7].

• Letter from Dorothy Hodgkins to LP, RE: Hodgkins thanks LP and AHP for inviting her to the Oslo Conference.  Hodgkins felt that she was ineffective at the meeting because in the effort for peace there are so many scientific problems that she was not knowledgeable of.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.3 and under AHP Correspondence, Box #1.003, Folder #3.5]
• Letter from E. Symons to LP, RE: Symons has collected a hundred signatures for the appeal and asks if more can be sent in after the May 30th deadline.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence, re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Manuscript Notes: LP’s notes on Henry Kissinger’s comments on NATO and nuclear weapons. [Filed under LP Peace: Pauling Peace Research Notes: Box #6.012, Folder #12.3] 
• Manuscript Notes: LP’s notes on Sidney Gruson’s article in The New York Times. [Filed under LP Peace: Pauling Peace Research Notes: Box #6.012, Folder #12.3]
• Newspaper Clipping: “Pugwash Science Conferences Assailed in Senate Staff Study,” New York Times, May 28, 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Articles and Newspaper Clippings re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1966), Box #2.023, Folder #23.7]

• Check from the Claremore Fund to LP for $6,000.00.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Anthony Sances, Jr., Northwestern University, to LP. RE: Would like to read any work LP has on anesthesia. Is doing Ph.D work on the subject. [Letter from LP June 1, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2]       
• Letter from Dr. Morris B. Bender, Director, Department of Neurology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, to LP, RE: Invites LP to give the Seventh Annual Israel Wechsler Lecture, to be held in December, 1961.  Any lecture on the problems of chemistry in relation to the nervous system would be very beneficial.  Attachment: Invitation to the Sixth Annual Israel Wechsler Lecture. [Letter from LP to Bender, May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1959-1961), #258.3]
• Letter from Howard Plummer, to LP and AHP. RE: Informs him of his reactions to attending the Carnegie Hall Rally on May 12. Makes suggestions for the next time such an event is held. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1961) Box # 1961s2 Folder #1961s2.4] 
• Letter from James Short, Pennsylvania State University, to LP. RE: Informs him that he has accepted a position at The Colorado College. Thanks him for writing a letter of recommendation. [Letter from LP May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from Josephine A. Williams to LP, RE: Williams acknowledges the receipt of three manuscripts for publication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Reprints will be sent to Dr. Vinograd on June 6th so that he can proofread them. The estimated total cost of publication is $875.00. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960, 1962), #445.2]
• Letter from L.D. Scott to LP, RE: Scott is sorry that the petition he is sending is not full of signatures.  Scott hopes that the signatures that he did collect can be of help to LP in his efforts to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from LP to Clarence Pickett, RE: LP has decided that it is his duty to continue to attempt to repair the damage done to the peace movement by the attack on it from Senator Dodd last year and also by the actions of the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy.  LP thinks that the most damage is done by the recourse to McCarthyism by National Sane.  LP is sure that there are sponsors of National Sane who do not support McCarthyism and LP is attempting to change the policy of National Sane in order to strengthen the peace movement. [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE: Materials regarding Dodd Committee Investigation and Subsequent Controversy Over Membership of Communists in SANE, 1960-1962), Box #4.004, Folder #4.3]
• Letter from LP to David Inglis, RE: LP thanks Inglis for participating in the Conference and notes that the Oslo Statement will be ready soon.  LP asks if Inglis can refresh his memory about the conversation that Inglis had with W.W.Rubey.  LP made a note of it, but not think that what he has written down is correct.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.2]
• Letter from LP to Doris Loewi, RE: LP is planning to make a presentation of signatures to the United Nations on June 5th.  However, LP thinks that it is not wise to postpone the presentation for awhile.  LP suggests waiting until August because signatures are still coming in at a high rate.   [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Harvey A. Itano, Public Health Service RE: LP has enclosed the original and a carbon copy of their Letter to Nature and has titled it “Thalassemia and the Abnormal Human Hemoglobins” LP explains the changes he has made and tells Itano to change them if he is not satisfied. Also encloses a letter of communication [Letter from LP to Nature May 29, 1961] for their Letter to Nature, but Itano does not have to use it. [Typescripts May 1961] [Letters from Itano to LP May 16, 1961, June 2, 1961] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.9]
• Letter from LP to Gordin Kaplan, RE: LP and AHP have decided to postpone presenting the signatures to the United Nations until sometime in August.  LP will remain in touch with Kaplan.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]  
• Letter from LP to Gordin Kaplan, RE: LP is glad to know that Mrs. Kaplan will take part in the ceremony in New Pork.  LP thinks that the ceremony will take place in August so that more signatures can be collected for the appeal.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from LP to Homer Jack, RE: LP does not think that Jack’s statements have been completely truthful.  LP points out that in a letter from November 11, 1960 Jack says that the National Members of the National Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy do not meet frequently and have not met since 1958.  LP notes that the Members must meet annually and according to the By-laws the 1960 meeting was held just a month before Jack wrote the letter to LP. [Jack’s reply May 31, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE, 1958-1966, 1982), Box #4.003, Folder #3.10]
• Letter from LP to Homer Jack, RE: LP has been skeptical about the truth of some statements that Jack has made to him.  LP points out in a letter from November 11, 1960 Jacks says that the National Members of the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy meet rather infrequently and that Jack believed that the last time they met was in 1958.  LP points out that according to the by-laws the National Members must meet annually and that the 1960 meeting was held just a month before Jack sent LP that letter.  [Jack’s reply June 19, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE: Materials regarding Dodd Committee Investigation and Subsequent Controversy Over Membership of Communists in SANE, 1960-1962), Box #4.004, Folder #4.3]
• Letter from LP to Hugo Theorell, RE: LP knows Theorell has been interested in abnormal hemoglobins, so LP sends him a copy of a letter that LP and Dr. Harvey Itano are submitting to Nature. LP describes Itano's work with the abnormal hemoglobin present in patients with sickle-cell anemia. LP is happy that Dr. Vernon Ingram used Theorell's research to develop the technique of peptide analysis to solve the problem of amino acid sequence in human hemoglobins, but is disappointed that Ingram has not given proper credit to Itano, a fact which LP attributes to Ingrams's youth and ambition. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Individual Correspondence. (Thant-Toole)), #407.2]
• Letter from LP to John Turkevich, RE: LP saw in the New York Times that Turkevich's daughter is to be married, and sends her his best wishes. LP asks if Turkevich has done anything about the study of brain tissue at higher and lower temperatures or in the absence and presence of anesthetic agents by the methods of nuclear magnetic resonance. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1956-1963), #411.6]
• Letter from LP to Leo Brewer, Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, RE: Encloses his letter supporting the nomination of Ken Pitzer for the Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry. [Letter from Brewer to Harris, April 25, 1961, and Letter from LP to Executive Secretary, May 29, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Individual Correspondence. (Pettyjohn - Polanyi)), #308.7] 
• Letter from LP to Lloyd Smith, RE: LP wants to clarify to Smith statements made by Robert Schutz about a committee of correspondents from the Oslo Conference are false.  LP points out that the Conference took no such action on the resolution that was to enact the committee of correspondents.   [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from LP to Nature RE: Thanks Nature for inviting him to submit a paper on the molecular properties of anesthetic agents but he has already submitted a manuscript to Science and will therefore submit a Letter to Nature titled “Thalassemia and the Abnormal Human Hemoglobins” by Dr. Harvey Itano and himself. Asks that the proof be sent to him. [Letter from Nature to LP April 20, 1961] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.9]
• Letter from LP to Norman Cousins, RE:   LP wants Cousins to send him a written statement about a comment that was in the May 27, 1961 issues of the National Review.  The statement reads “hard to pin down but probably true, the reported rift between inSANErs Linus Pauling and Norman Cousins.  Cousins apparently has warned his followers that Pauling –just back from a neutralist rally in Oslo – is being used by Communists.”  LP hopes that Cousins will send him a statement immediately. [Reply from Cousin’s secretary Dori Lewis June 2, 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE: Materials regarding Dodd Committee Investigation and Subsequent Controversy Over Membership of Communists in SANE, 1960-1962), Box #4.004, Folder #4.2]
• Letter from LP to the Executive Secretary, American Chemical Society. [Letter from LP to Brewer, May 29, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Individual Correspondence. (Pettyjohn - Polanyi)), #308.7] 

  29 May 1961

  Dear Sir:

  I am writing to support the nomination of Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer for the Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry.

  I have known Pitzer for over twenty five years. He graduated from the California Institute of Technology in 1935 with what was considered to be the best scholastic record in the Institute to that date. He published three papers as an undergraduate; one of them, done under my direction, represented an astonishingly able performance for a senior student. Since that he has made a number of important contributions to science. Outstanding is his discovery with Kemp of hindered rotation around carbon-carbon single bonds, and his later extensive investigations on the effect of hindered rotation on structure and thermodynamic properties. His work is characterized by originality and reliability.

  I think that he is one of the most able physical chemists in the United States, eminently suited to receive the Peter Debye Award.

  Sincerely yours,

  [Linus Pauling]

• Letter from Lloyd Smith to LP and AHP, RE: Smith is enclosing the check from the Claremore Fund to Linus Pauling for the Oslo Conference.  Smith is also sending copies of the Contribution Sheets that were used to record contributions for the Conference fund.  Smith is asking if LP has a copy of Dr. Robert Schutz’s Prospectus on the subject of “A Project for International Communication.”  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from Philip Pollack to LP, RE: Pollack is sending some signatures for the appeal to LP.  Pollack describes how the situation with Sane has effected the work of anti-nuclear testing groups in New York.   [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence, re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Rustum Roy, Professor of Geochemistry at the Pennsylvania State University, to LP RE: Asks LP if he will be free to visit with Dr. Y. Ukai, Assistant Professor of Mineralogy at Kyoto, at LP’s laboratory on June 19th. [Letter from LP to Roy June 13, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (R: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #342.2]
• News Release: Santa Monica, CA; System Development Corporation has been awarded a three million dollar contract by the Department of Defense to design and develop the Department of Defense Damage Assessment Center (DODDAC).  Handwritten note on the left side: “Linus- Think how much peace work could be done with this! Ed”. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Individual Correspondence. (Beach-Birge)), #27.13]
• Typescript: "Thalassemia and the Abnormal Human Hemoglobins", by Harvey Itano and LP. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: (Manuscripts and Typescripts of Articles by LP, 1961), Box #1961a, Folder #1961a.9]

  Preliminary Draft of Letter to Nature

  The preponderance of hemoglobin A over hemoglobin S in sickle cell trait was observed in the course of our initial studies on the hemoglobin of sickling cells. Later studies carried out in collaboration with other laboratories showed that this ratio is inherited and that simultaneous presence of a gene for an abnormal hemoglobin and a gene for thalassemia results in partial or complete suppression of synthesis of hemoglobin A. An exceptional case in which presence of a thalassemia gene did not alter the proportion of hemoglobins A and C in hemoglobin C trait was observed elsewhere. These findings formed the basic evidence for a number of concepts concerning the inheritance of hemoglobin. These include (1) the presence of alleles that control the synthesis of hemoglobin A at different rates, (2) the existence of more than one locus for thalassemia, (3) control of thalassemia and the abnormal hemoglobins at the same locus, and (4) synthesis of a structurally abnormal but electrophoretically normal hemoglobin at subnormal rate in thalassemia.

  The discovery of a chemical abnormality in hemoglobin S and of two types of polypeptide chains in hemoglobin A resulted in further additions to the theory of inheritance of hemoglobin, namely that control of the structure of hemoglobin and of its rate of synthesis are both properties of the same allele, and that separate genetic control of synthesis of the two chains would result in four hemoglobins in double heterozygotes. These postulates concerning the inheritance of thalassemia and the abnormal hemoglobins were summarized in a review in 1957. The concepts that the alleles controlling the synthesis of myoglobin, adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin, and hemoglobin A2 evolved from the same primitive allele and that comparative structural studies might reveal similarities in amino acid sequence or position were introduced in the same review.

  Recent papers by Ingram and associates indicated that chemical and structural studies reported in the time since the review have not substantially altered our inferences, which were based on earlier work. In fact the suggestions of four hemoglobins in double heterozygotes and of structural analogies between hemoglobin and myoglobin have been confirmed.

  Experimental test of our thalassemia hypothesis by comparison of amino acid composition of peptides of hemoglobin from normal and thalassemia major subjects has been proposed by Ingram and Stretton. Thalassemia minor is a more readily available source of hemoglobin than thalassemia major. Normal adult and thalassemia hemoglobins are present according to our hypothesis. Nonintegral numbers of two amino acid residues would suggest the presence of an inherited variant with a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin of thalassemia. The fractional deviation from integral numbers would be proportional to the relative rates of synthesis of hemoglobin A and thalassemia hemoglobin.

  Familial differences in the ratio of hemoglobin A to hemoglobin S in sickle cell trait were ascribed to different alleles that result in electrophoretically indistinguishable but chemically distinct forms of hemoglobin A. Accurate chemical analyses of the hemoglobin A of sickle cell trait subjects with different ratios would test this hypothesis. Furthermore, nonintegral numbers of two amino acid residues in the hemoglobin of normal individuals would suggest heterozygosity. In two inherited variants of hemoglobin A.

  Inversion of the sequence of amino acids in a portion of the hemoglobin molecule has been suggested as a possible basis of electrophoretically identical subtypes. Total amino acid analyses would fail to detect such an alteration, and analyses of tryptic digests would fail if the inverted segment does not contain a basic amino acid.

• Article: “West Offers Cut in Atomic Checks,” The New York Times. [Filed under LP Peace: Pauling Peace Research Notes: Box #6.012, Folder #12.3]
• Award: Die Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wein, Certificate of Membership. [Filed under LP Awards & Honors: 1961h.4] 
• Check from LP to Macmillan and Co.  RE:  £8.8.0.  [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.038, Folder #38.2]
• Letter from Jane Bayer to LP, RE: Bayer is enclosing two petitions full of signatures.  She was not able to get more signatures because most of the people she asked were in support of the appeal, but were afraid to sign since the New York Chapter of Sane has just been accused of being a Communist organization.  [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from LP to Stan Clark, San Jose City College. RE: Looks forward to seeing him April 12, 1962. Encloses a biographical sketch, two glossy prints, three cliches and a couple reprints. [Letter from Clark May 25, 1962] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1962) Box #1962s Folder #1962s.12] 
• Letter from Victor Paschkis to LP, RE: Paschkis thanks LP for his initiative and efforts in the Oslo Conference.  Paschkis offers some suggestions and some concerns relating to the Conference.  Mainly, Paschkis thinks that the Conference could have been longer to allow for more discussion.  [Reply from LP June 7, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.004, Folder #4.2]

• Article: “How to Save $10 Billion,” The Milwaukee Journal. [Filed under LP Peace: Pauling Peace Research Notes: Box #6.012, Folder #12.3]
• Contract Status Report: Contract Nonr-220 (33), Chemistry 43 Acct. 65071, Director of Research: LP, May 31, 1961. [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Memoranda, Notes and Assorted Materials re: “Structure of Metals and Intermetallic Compounds,” Contract Nonr 220(33) (Chemistry 43), 1958-1963), Box #14.035, Folder #35.1]
• Contract Status Report: Contract Nonr-220 (38), Chemistry 49 Acct. 65070, Director of Research: Drs. R.B. Corey and LP, May 31, 1961. [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Memoranda, Notes and Assorted Materials re: “Structure and Properties of Proteins and Synthetic Polypeptides,” Contract Nonr 220(05) (Chemistry 32), 1951-1963), Box #14.032, Folder #32.2] 
• Letter from Alfred Williams to LP, RE: Williams in sending in his signature for the appeal and hopes that it is not too late for it to be included.  Williams congratulates LP on the work that was done at the Oslo Conference.   [Filed under LP Peace: (Correspondence re: circulation and signing of An Appeal to Stop the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, April-December, 1961), Box #5.013, Folder #13.1]
• Letter from Dr. David Pressman, Director of Cancer research in Biochemistry, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, to LP, RE: Pressman and Dr. Roholt have finally made a breakthrough in the sequence of the polypeptide chain associated with the region of the specific binding site of antibody and have submitted an abstract for presentation at the American Chemical Society Meeting.  He asks if LP would be able to sponsor a paper to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.  Attachment: Abstract, “Biological Chemistry Isolation of Peptides from an Antibody Site.” [Letter from LP to Pressman, July 13, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Individual Correspondence. (Polunin - Pritikin)), #309.7]
• Letter from Dr. Fritz Knoll, Austrian Academy of Sciences, to LP, RE: Written in German. [Letter from LP to Dr. Fritz Knoll, June 14, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #76.1] 
• Letter from Dr. J. Kallos, St. Mary’s Hospital, to LP, RE: Dr. Kallos heard that LP will be in Montreal next week, and would like to know if there is anything he can do to make a visit by LP possible. [Letter from Dr. Kallos to LP, May 8, 1961] [Letter from LP to Dr. Kallos, June 2, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1957-1962), #201.5] 
• Letter from Homer Jack to LP, RE: Jack explains that while Sane members should meet annually for a long period there were no meetings especially when Sane was expanding so rapidly.   Jack is sorry if LP feels that he made untruthful statements to LP.  Jack also notes that the July implementation statement is still on Sane’s record that they have never implemented it.  [LP’s letter May 29, 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE: Materials regarding Dodd Committee Investigation and Subsequent Controversy Over Membership of Communists in SANE, 1960-1962), Box #4.004, Folder #4.2]
• Letter from Howard Plummer to President John F. Kennedy RE: Plummer urges Kennedy to think as a world citizen, and not let the views he expressed during his campaign be stifled. [Letter from Plummer to LP June 2, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1960-1963), #314.2] 
• Letter from Jan Symons to AHP, RE: Symons has made several arrangements for AHP’s and LP’s visit to Canada.  Montreal committee member, Mr. Rosenthal, has asked for details about AHP for Press Release and would like to arrange a reception and press conference.  Requests another autographed copy of No More War! as someone has borrowed her copy and failed to return it. [Filed under AHP Correspondence: (Symons, Jan, 1960-1979), Box#1.006, Folder#6.17]
• Letter from LP to A.M. Benschop, RE: Mr. Benschop should follow the advice of Dr. Eaton.  LP is not a physician, but thinks it is good that Mr. Benschop quit smoking and drinking coffee. [Letter from A.M. Benschop to LP, May 27, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #39.4]
• Letter from LP to Clark Foreman, Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, RE: LP cannot accept the invitation to the National Council because he knows that he does not have enough time to devote to it. [Letter from Mr. Foreman to LP, April 13, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (E: Correspondence, 1960-1969), #113.2]
• Letter from LP to Director Gunnar Jahn RE: LP encloses Part 2 of the report of his hearing before the Subcommittee which covers his testimony of October 11, 1960. LP believes that the sixty-page report misrepresents the proceedings and his lawyer has suggested instituting a suit so that the report is expunged from the record. Does not think he will take this action at the present time. [Filed under LP Science: (World Academy of Sciences, 1958-1963), Box #14.043, Folder #43.1]  
• Letter from LP to Dr. Henry W. Kumm, Associate Director, Medical and Natural Sciences, The Rockefeller Foundation, RE: Dr. Gebert-Oisel should address his application to Professor Henry Borsook in the biochemistry department.  If he is especially interested in a certain field of biochemistry, he should contact the primary investigator there directly. [Letter from Dr. Kumm to LP, May 26, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (G: Correspondence, 1957-1961), #141.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. J.B. Culbertson, Department of Chemistry, Cornell College, RE: LP has a conflicting engagement in California, and cannot make it to the meeting. [Letter from Dr. Culbertson to LP, May 26, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #76.1] 
• Letter from LP to Dr. Morris B. Bender, Director, Department of Neurology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, RE: LP is honored to be invited to give the Seventh Annual Israel Wechsler Lecture, but regrets that he is unable to; he has made a resolution not to go to New York in December or January, due to his heavy schedule. [Letter from Bender to LP, May 29, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1959-1961), #258.3] 
• Letter from LP to Dr. R.B. Krone, Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, University of California, RE: LP read the three manuscripts and thinks that the argument is very weak.  He recommends that Dr. Krone not publish these papers. [Letter from Dr. Krone to LP, May 25, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1957-1962), #201.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Strout, RE: LP is sending Strout a copy of The New Republic and a copy of the Commentary.  LP thinks that Nathan Glazer’s article on the peace movement was shocking.  LP thinks that it has been the roles of the anti-communists which have been destructive to the peace movement.  [Strout’s letter 1961] [Filed under LP Peace: (SANE: Materials regarding Dodd Committee Investigation and Subsequent Controversy Over Membership of Communists in SANE, 1960-1962), Box #4.004, Folder #4.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Stuart C. Cullen, Department of Anesthesia, University of California School of Medicine, RE: LP is trying to cut down the amount of his time spent traveling, especially to the Eastern US in the winter.  He cannot attend the panel discussion on the theories of narcosis. [Letter from Dr. Cullen to LP, May 16, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #76.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Vincent J. Collins, Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Post-Graduate Medical School, RE: LP will be publishing his paper on anesthesiology in the next few weeks and will send a reprint then. Handwritten at the top: 6 anesthesia reprints mailed”. [Letter from Dr. Collins to LP, April 21, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #76.1] 
• Letter from LP to Elvira Goettsch RE: LP looks forward to Goettsch’s June visit and explains that he will not be in Pasadena until June 13th. LP will be pleased to learn more about her amino acid results and the startling events that occurred after his visit. [Letter from Goettsch to LP May 25, 1961] [Filed under LP Science: (Orthomolecular Medicine and Mental Health: Materials re: Ford Foundation grants for the study of mental disorders, 1955-1966), Box #11.088, Folder #88.15]
• Letter from LP to James Short. RE: Glad to learn of his appointment at The Colorado College. [Letter from Short May 29, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2]                       
• Letter from LP to Krishna Shah. RE: Is not in the position to help him. Thinks he should complete his undergraduate and graduate work before coming to CIT. [Letter from Shah undated] [Filed under LP Correspondence (S: Correspondence, 1961): Box #381 Folder #381.2] 
• Letter from LP to Margaret Russell, RE: LP advises Russell to just send him the checks and he will endorse them to the Claremore Fund which is tax exempt.  LP wants Russell to tell the contributors that that is where their money is being sent.  LP will also send Russell about 50 copies of the Oslo statement.  [Russell’s letter May 24, 1961]  [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.4]
• Letter from LP to Office of Naval Research RE: Final Report on Contract N6onr-24432. Research included investigations of the structure of metals and intermetallic compounds. [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Contract Status Reports and Project Status Reports, 1947-1962), Box #14.031, Folder #31.22] 
• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Family Correspondence: Peter Jeffress Pauling, 1960-1974), Box #5.044, Folder #44.2]

  31 May 1961

  Dear Peter,

  I note that you are down on the program on 31 July in Boulder, Colorado. Are you planning to come on and see us?

  We could reimburse you for traveling expenses, at least from Boulder to Pasadena and back, if you were to come to help me complete the paper on antiferromagnetism. I haven't done any work on it recently, but hope to get more accomplished soon.

  Mama and I decided to give up our July-August European trip, although there is still a possibility that we shall go to Germany for perhaps ten days toward the end of August.

  The Oslo meeting went off very well. In a few days I shall send you a copy of the Oslo Statement.

  Both Mama and I are having a hard time getting our work done.

  Much love from

  [Linus Pauling]

• Letter from LP to Professor R.A. Butler, Royal College of Surgeons, RE: LP is pleased with Professor Butler’s interest in the formation of hydrate crystals in tissues.  LP is currently working on a paper that will soon be published in Science on the matter; will send a reprint then. [Letter from R.A. Butler to LP, May 26, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1958-1961), #39.4]
• Letter from LP to Robert H. Shutan RE: Writes that he has not received the payment of $2,109.37 due April 26 from Mr. Pias and Paddies, Inc. Thanks Shutan for checking up on the matter. [Letter from Shutan to LP May 12, 1961, Letter from LP to Shutan June 14, 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: (Assorted Legal Disputes, 1950-1962), Box #3.057, Folder #57.7] 
• Letter from LP to Thomas W. Benson, Peace Week Committee Chairman, Department of Speech and Drama, Cornell University, RE: LP cannot accept the invitation due to commitments in California.  Also does not wish to take part in joint discussions or debates with Dr. Teller. [Letter from Thomas W. Benson to LP, March 26, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1961-1962), #76.1]
• Letter from LP to Wickson R. Woolpert RE: Writes that he has cashed the $150 check from Mr. Valois as Woolpert suggested. Agrees with Woolpert’s suggestion of asking Valois to vacate the station on October 1, vacating the house by October 15, and removing the café by February 1 is acceptable. Thanks Woolpert for making the arrangements. [Letter from Woolpert to LP April 27, 1961] [Filed under LP Biographical: (Deer Flat Ranch: Correspondence, 1957-1995), Box #4.047, Folder #47.1]
• Letter from Philip N. James to LP, RE: Members of the Riverside Church in New York City are forming a group to deal with the growing concern for the problems of nuclear disarmament and world peace.  Each member will have a different specialty, in the hopes that information can be shared and new approaches taken.  Mr. James asks if LP knows of any nuclear scientists in the area who would like to join the group, and if he has any suggestions on getting the group started.  [Letter from LP to Mr. James, June 1, 1961] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (J: Correspondence, 1933-1934, 1936-1964), #192.27]
• Letter from Robert Schutz to LP and AHP, RE: Schutz is anxious to get the printed copies of the Conference Statement as soon as they are available.  Schutz would like to send a copy to each of the 300 Lobby mailing list names.  Schutz mentioned in a radio address that people who would like a copy could receive one for free by writing to the Lobby. [Filed under LP Peace: (Oslo Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, May 2-7, 1961), Box #2.001, Folder #1.2]
• Letter from Sidney J. Gluck to LP and AHP RE: Gluck thanks LP and AHP for their hospitality and says that they should call upon him for anything they may need during their stop-over in New York. Gluck discusses a statement signed Albert Einstein that was never released. Gluck encloses a photostat of the original statement for LP to release when LP finds the propitious time. Gluck also encloses an article by John A. Osumundsen and discusses the article. [Filed under LP Safe: Drawer #2, Folder #2.039]                                               
• Statement from California Institute of Technology to LP RE: Net pay of $1,239.33.  [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Box #4.062, Folder #62.1]