"The Molecular Theory of Civilization." October 5, 1960. Page 1  Larger Images / More Information. 25 pp.

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Activity Listings

• Letter from C. B. Van Niel, Hopkins Marine Station, to LP RE: Informs him that he is administering foreign language exams on October 8th. [Letter from LP to Niel September 29, 1960, October 6, 1960] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Van Niel, Cornelius B), #423.1]
• Letter from Carmen Zanti to Jeanette Turner, copy to AHP RE: Zanti tells Turner that the Women's International Democratic Federation Council Meeting will take place in Warsaw at the end of November. Describes the agenda and asks turner to help find someone who is suitable to give a about a 15 minute report "the conversion of the US war economy into a peace economy." [Filed under AHP: AHP: General Correspondence, Peace and Political: Box #1.004, Folder #4.5]
• Letter from Clark Foreman to LP RE: Informs him about what was printed in the papers in regards to his case. Encloses the two paragraphs from the hearing, which he gave to the papers to use in their editorial. Shares when the ad will appear and how many signatures it contains. [Letter from LP to Foreman: October 6, 1960] [Filed under LP biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1981), Box #2.017, Folder #17.4]
• Letter from Ernst H. Kantorowcz to LP RE: Informs that he is entitled to quote from his letter whatever he sees fit. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960), Box #2.018, Folder #18.1]
• Letter from Francis T. Foley to Senator Clair Engle RE: Writes about his concerns for the treatment of LP by the subcommittee. Shares his opinions on LP's situation. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960), Box #2.019, Folder #19.1]             
• Letter from Francis T. Foley to Senator John F. Kennedy RE: Writes about his concerns in regards to LP's harassment by the Subcommittee. Shares his thoughts on LP's hearings and what their effects will be. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960), Box #2.019, Folder #19.1]
• Letter from George Miller, Tucson Jewish Community Center, to LP RE: Invites him to speak at the center on November 27th. [Letter from LP to Miller October 6, 1960] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1960), #411.5]
• Letter from L. A. DuBridge, CIT, to John F. Catchpool RE: Informs him that he has been reappointed as a Research Fellow in Chemistry for one year. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Catchpool, John Francis, 1960), #62.2]
• Letter from LP to A. L. Wirin, Attorney at Law, RE: Encloses a list of approximately 1200 names of people to whom he sent a letter asking that they sign the bomb-test petition.  Says he has not kept copies of responses to his letter.  Requests that Wirin send a copy of this letter and the list of names to Mr. Sourwine. [Filed under LP Books: Unpb12.1]
• Letter from LP to A.L. Wirin RE: Requests that he send to Mr. Sourwine the accompanying list of names and a copy of the letter. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1981), Box #2.017, Folder #17.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Otto Bastiansen. [Letter from LP to Bastiansen: October 4, 1960] [Filed under LP Safe: Drawer #2, Folder #2.024]

  4 October 1960

  Professor Otto Bastiansen

  Institutt for Teoretisk Kjemi

  Norges Tekniske Høgskole

  Trondheim, NORWAY

  Dear Otto:

  Now, in one week, I think that my affair with the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee will be ended, and I shall be very glad. However, perhaps it will not end in one week.

  As to your concern about the U.S. government, I may say that only a small part of the government is involved in controversy with me. The policy that I support is the policy of the Eisenhower administration, although President Eisenhower has not been very vigorous in advancing it. Also, this policy is supported by the State Department. It is, however, opposed by the AEC and the Department of Defense, as well as by some powerful people outside of the government.

  I judge that the great majority of members of the Senate are on my side. A number of Senators have written to people who had approached them, saying that they would keep an eye on the Internal Security Subcommittee, and oral statements to this effect have also been made, but, of course, not in public, because there is a general policy that Senators do not criticize one another.

  Senator Dodd has just withdrawn somewhat from his position. Yesterday he issued a statement announcing that the Subcommittee had not discussed citing me for contempt. He also accused me of trying to make a martyr of myself.

  A number of groups, in Los Angeles and New York, have gathered money to publish advertisements asking public support for me. I enclose one of these advertisements, which was in today's Los Angeles Times. Several others should be published in the next few days. A number of the signers are distinguished people. For example, Carl Sandburg is a great American writer.

  Many newspapers have published excellent editorials. An example is the one that appeared in today's Pasadena Independent and also the Pasadena Star-News, which I enclose. I also enclose a newspaper account of my talk to the Caltech students.

  My suit is now before the Supreme Court. However, the attorneys for the government have advanced an interesting argument, which may be successful. They have said in their brief to the Supreme Court that the order that the Subcommittee gave me was to appear in Washington and to bring with me the letters of transmittal of the signed petitions to me; but that the order did not say that I would be required to show these letters to the Subcommittee. Accordingly, the Subcommittee has not yet ordered me to do anything that would go against my conscience, and the Supreme Court should not intervene at this stage.

  My lawyer and I think that it is likely that the Supreme Court will decide not to hear my case, because of this clever argument, and that then, on 11 October, the Subcommittee will announce that it is not asking me to do anything - that it is satisfied that I am a loyal American. But perhaps something else will happen.

  I have had a fine lawyer working steadily on this case for about three months, and I have not been able to do my scientific work. Three months ago I had nearly finished a very interesting paper on a molecular theory of general anesthesia. I hope that this affair will be over soon, and that I can settle down to making a few more calculations and getting that paper published, as well as some others that I have well along toward completion.

  Cordially,

  Linus Pauling:lh

  P.S. I am giving you some information about my career as a peace worker in another letter, which accompanies this one.

• Letter from LP to Frugè, University of California Press, RE: Discusses his plan to write a book about his experiences with the Internal Security Subcommittee which will include material about nuclear war and testing.  Inquires whether the University of California Press would be interested in publishing such a book. [Letter from Paine to LP October 7, 1960] [Filed under LP Books: Unpb12.1]
• Letter from LP to Malcolm L. Peterson RE: States he was happy to receive his letter about an amicus curiae brief. Shares that there is nothing to do about his petition to the Supreme Court, because it will be decided immediately. Feels it would be worth while to get out a good amicus curia brief, to be signed by scientists. [Letter from Peterson September 28, 1960] [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1981), Box# 2.017, Folder #17.2]
• Letter from LP to Mrs. Kate S. Wilson RE: Is returned the material sent to him. Cannot comment on it. [Letter from LP to Wilson October 3, 1960] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1960), #445.1]
• Letter from LP to Otto Bastiansen. [Filed under LP Safe: Drawer #2, Folder #2.024]

  4 October 1960

  Professor Otto Bastiansen

  Institutt for Teoretisk Kjemi

  Norges Tekniske Høgskole

  Trondheim, NORWAY

  Dear Otto:

  I am pleased that you are interested in the history of the development of my ideas about peace.

  You know that I was born in Portland, Oregon, in 1901, and that I attended the local schools and then the Oregon State Agricultural College. In 1917-18 I was a cadet in the Reserve Officers Training Corps, but not old enough to be in the Army itself. By 1922 I had become the Cadet Major of the Infantry Regiment of the Reserve Officers Training Corps. Then in May 1922, after thinking about militarism for awhile, I decided that I did not want to become a reserve officer, and I resigned from my commission as Cadet Major.

  Of course, during the period 1939 to 1945 I was very active in war work. I had been strongly opposed to the development of Nazism in Germany, and I could see no alternative to working for the defeat of Germany. I received several awards from the government, including the highest award given to a civilian, the Presidential Medal for Merit. The citation for this award is attached.

  When the first atomic bombs were exploded, in 1945, I became greatly troubled about the significance of these terrible weapons, and I began, as did many other scientists, to give public lectures about nuclear fission and the nature of nuclear war. I have continued this activity with greater and greater vigor up to the present time. During the last two or three years I have given public lectures and television and radio appearances on this subject at the rate of about one hundred per year.

  When I was young I was a Republican - that is, a member of the Conservative Party in America. In this I was just following my mother. In 1932 I began to think about politics, and became a Democrat. Since that time I have been a member of the Democratic Party. In 1948, when Henry Wallace ran for the Presidency as a Progressive, I supported him, and I gave several public addresses in support of his candidacy.

  I have decided that I am really a socialist, but I am not able to join the American Socialist Party - Social Democratic Federation. In order to join the Socialist Party - Social Democratic Federation, it is necessary that one pledge himself not to take any political action except in conformity with the constitution, principles, and decisions of the Socialist Party. I, of course, am not willing to make any such pledge, and accordingly am prevented from joining. Nevertheless, I shall continue to work for socialism in America, and to hope that sometime we shall have a good socialist party that is really democratic and also a power in the land.

  During recent years I have become more and more interested in philosophical and ethical questions. One year ago I gave the Messenger Lectures at Cornell. These lectures are supposed to be on the evolution of civilization. I chose as my title The Molecular Basis of Civilization. The lectures were in part scientific, but involved much discussion of philosophical and ethical questions. I hope that in two or three years from now I shall have completed preparing them for publication.

  I have decided that it is not possible to work for peace without at the same time working for civil liberties. It is the attack on me that convinced me about this matter. Senator Dodd is attempting to prevent international agreements that will lead to a decrease in world tensions and to disarmament, and as part of his effort he attempts to throttle public discussion by attacking me and the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. I think that it is necessary to fight back.

  I believe that during the next few months I shall probably write an account of my experiences as a book, which perhaps will have the title Fighting for Peace and Freedom. I plan that it will be a popular book, designed to strengthen the peace movement in the United States.

  The principal printed document about peace that I have written is my book No More War!, which has been translated into several foreign languages. I am sending you a copy of the British edition and also a copy of the American paperback edition under separate cover.

  During the first few years when I was working for peace I did not publish any articles. My work began to be effective when, in 1946, I became a trustee of the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, of which Professor Einstein was Chairman. I addressed many audiences for this Committee.

  During recent years many of my addresses have been printed, starting with the address The Ultimate Decision that I gave at a great meeting in Carnegie Hall, New York, on 13 February 1950.

  Under separate cover I am sending you some documents. A list of these documents is given on the attached sheet.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:lh

• Letter from LP to Reni Boas, Manufactures Associates, RE: Informs him that he has returned the samples and does not see any value in them.  [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1960), #258.2]
• Letter from Mary M. Grooms, Independent Political Forum, to LP RE: Asks if it is possible for LP to get into Rochester on Saturday. Would like to have a press conference. Request a couple glossy prints. [Letter from Harris to Grooms October 7, 1960] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1960), Box #1960s3, Folder #1960s3.5]
• Letter from Mrs. Mabel Schmid to LP RE: Informs LP of her son's, Dr. Norman Bauer's, death. Also conveys her hopes for the continuation of her son's work and legacy. Relays to LP the high admiration in which Bauer regarded LP with. [Letter from LP to Schmid October 7, 1960] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Norman Bauer), #24.4]             
• Letter from Peter Charlton to William Winter RE: Shares how disturbed he is by the investigation of LP. Asks if he would say something on the air about the matter. [Filed under LP biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1981), Box #2.017, Folder #17.4]
• Letter from Richard Hall to LP RE: Expresses sympathy for his sentiments. Encloses Senator Dodd's response to his letter. Asks for his name to be put on the list if he plans to petition against the Subcommittee. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960), Box #2.019, Folder #19.1]
• Letter from Sarah Campion to AHP RE: Thanks AHP for being willing to give her a reference to the Carnegie people. Reminds AHP where they met. Discusses an international conference of women as well as her disappointment in Khrushchev. Asks if she can pass on the idea of an international conference to her New Zealand friends for their opinions. [Letter from AHP to Campion September 23, 1960] [Filed under AHP: AHP: Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, 1959-1960: Box #4.001, Folder #1.1]
• Letter from Stanley Felsen to LP RE: Shares his belief that the trend towards the limitations of our basic freedoms has progressed at an alarming rate. Informs that he advocates for his views on sane nuclear policy. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960), Box #2.018, Folder #18.1]
• Newspaper Article: 'Pauling is Accused of Pose as Martyr' New York Times.  [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1960), #342.1]
• Newspaper Clipping: "I Appeal to My Fellow Americans", Washington Post, October 4, 1960. [Filed under LP Biographical: LP Scrapbooks, 1956-1960: Box #6.007, Folder #7.734]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling Accuses Senate Group Of Harassment in Its Demands", San Bernardino (California) Paper, October 4, 1960. [Filed under LP Biographical: LP Scrapbooks, 1956-1960: Box #6.007, Folder #7.712]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling Citation Not Discussed, Dodd Declares", New York Herald Tribune, October 4, 1960. [Filed under LP Biographical: LP Scrapbooks, 1956-1960: Box #6.007, Folder #7.722]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling Raps Senate Group", Los Angeles Times. October 4, 1960. [LP Biographical: Mounted Newspaper Clippings and Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1961: Box #2.021, Folder #21.40]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling is Accuse of Pose as Martyr", New York Times. October 4, 1960. [LP Biographical: Mounted Newspaper Clippings and Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1961: Box #2.021, Folder #21.32]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Threat to Dr. Pauling Is Threat to Freedom", Pasadena  (California) Independent, October 4, 1960. [Filed under LP Biographical: LP Scrapbooks, 1956-1960: Box #6.007, Folder #7.732]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Threat to Dr. Pauling is Threat to Freedom", Star Daily News. October 4, 1960. [Filed Under: LP Biographical: Mounted Newspaper Clippings and Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1961: Box #2.021, Folder #21.54]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Threat to Dr. Pauling is Threat to Freedom", by the Editor. Pasadena Star-News. October 4, 1960. [LP Biographical: Mounted Newspaper Clippings and Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1961: Box #2.021, Folder #21.45]
• Newspaper Clipping: Advertisement, Paid for by unknown group. "Here are the Words that May Send a Distinguished American Scientist to Prison", Los Angles Times. October 4, 1960. [LP Biographical: Mounted Newspaper Clippings and Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1961: Box #2.021, Folder #21.40]
• Newspaper Clipping: Letter to the Editor: " Reaction of Beebe", by K. Fritz Schumaker. Pasadena Independent. October 4, 1960. [LP Biographical: Mounted Newspaper Clippings and Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1961: Box #2.021, Folder #21.51]
• Newspaper Clipping: Letter to the Editor: "Critical of Pauling", by Mrs. Alma Gray. Pasadena Independent. October 4, 1960. [LP Biographical: Mounted Newspaper Clippings and Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960-1961: Box #2.021, Folder #21.51]
• Note from Alyce Asquith Bolas to LP RE: Shares the letter she wrote to Drew Pearson, stating that the Los Angles Mirror was an enemy of the working people. Complains that the Los Angles Mirror has refused all her letters. Discusses her thoughts on other papers. [Letter from Marshall to Bolas September 20, 1960] [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960), Box #2.018, Folder #18.1]
• Note from Om G. Cromin to LP RE: Discusses the futures leaders of their nation. Share a piece of his article and discusses the article by David Lawrence. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960), Box #2.018, Folder #18.1]
• Note from Tom J. Holmes to LP RE: Shares his opinion that the House Un-American Activities Committee and the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee are to of the most un-American bodies today. Offers his assistance to fight these ideas. Feels that people ascribe to the "American way" without really knowing or caring what it is. [Filed Under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960), Box #2.018, Folder #18.1]
• Note from William J. Kelly to LP RE: Shares that in the past many of the letters of protest he threatened to write never materialized. Decides he will write him to share his opinion on his stand. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Correspondence re: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 1960), Box #2.018, Folder #18.1]
• Postcard from Yukio Kurita to LP RE: Asks for a copy of No More War!. [Letter from Kurita to LP November 1, 1960] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1960), #201.4]
• Publication by LP: I appeal to my fellow Americans. Washington Post, October 4, 1960, A10. [Filed under LP Publications: 1960p.17]
• Research Notebook of LP RE: pp. Thoughts on the possibility that a nucleon can form three stable bonds and if the resonance energy is enough to overcome repulsions. p. 130  [Filed under LP Research Notebooks: 27R]
• Telegram from LP to David J. Wilson, University of Rochester, RE: Informs him of his arrival time. Could speak on structure of electron deficient substances. Would appreciate him meeting him and reserving a motel room. [Letter from Wilson to LP September 28, 1960] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1960), Box #1960s3, Folder #1960s3.4]
• Telegram from LP to Mary T. Holmgren, Chicago Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, RE: Shall be pleased to address the Student Peace Union Monday October 17. Will leave Chicago Tuesday. [Letter from Holmgren to LP September 29, 1960] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by LP, 1960), Box #1960s3, Folder #1960s3.1]
• Transcript: "Telephone Interview with Virginia Mill", October 4, 1960. [Filed under LP Biographical: Interviews with and about Linus Pauling, 1946-1960: Box #5.019, Folder #19.16]