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• Letter from Dr. B.L. Kabacoff to LP RE: At the recent national meeting of the AAScW, Dr. Melba Phillips suggested that LP might be interested in writing an article on "Science in Asia." Wonders if LP would be willing to write 1000-2000 words on this subject. [Letter from LP to Kabacoff November 17, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1936-1956), #200.20]
• Letter from Dr. L.J. Rather, Stanford University School of Medicine, to LP RE: Learned from Dr. Richard Lippman of LP's interest in the application of critical theory to medical problems. Encloses a prospectus for an elective course along these lines for medical students. Received fairly favorable response from faculty, though many said they did not know what Rather was talking about. Sixteen fourth year students signed up, and Rather will begin the class in January 1956. Has obtained money for a small collection of books. Has sent Dr. Lippman a copy of the bibliography for the course. Rather encloses reprint of his article "Krankheit und Lasion," which is related to the course. [Letter from LP to Rather November 23, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]
• Letter from Professor W.J. Moore, Chemistry Dept., Indiana University, to LP RE: Wonders if Caltech accepts female graduate students in chemistry. The best student in the senior class this year is a woman and she is interested in physical chemistry. [Letter from LP to Moore November 26, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Individual Correspondence. (Mills - Morgan)), #248.14]
• Memo from LP to R. Marsh, RE: Proline Ring Dimensions from Alexander Rich. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Individual Correspondence. (Reynolds - Riley)), #329.3]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Bureau Chief Questioned in Passport Row," Publication Unknown, November 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.165]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Centennial Convocation," Poly Men, November 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.38]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Passport Refusal Challenge Upheld," Publication Unknown, November 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical; (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.165]
• Note to accompany a check [check missing], RE: States that the check represents a share of a partial distribution of the profits of Publishers' Book Service. Says not to report this income in 1955 and in December, 1956 they will be notified of the exact amount to report on their 1956 returns as income. Handwritten note by LP: "$800.00 rc'd Nov. 1955." [Filed under LP Personal Safe, Drawer #2, Folder #2.009]
• Pamphlet: "On the Viscosity of Hemoglobin solution" by Takao Nakamura, reprinted from The Journal of Biochemistry. [Filed under LP Science: Box #6.009, Folder #9.2]
• Recommendation from LP for Jay Arthur Glasel RE: LP strongly recommends Glasel for a Fulbright award to study in Norway. [Letter from Glasel to LP October 28, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder #15.3]
• Reprinted in: Proceedings of International Wool Textile Research Conference (Australia) (1955): B176 [Filed under LP Publications: 1955p.6]
• The structure of tussah silk fibroin (with a note on the structure of β-poly-L- alanine). Acta Crystallographica. 8 (November 1955): 710-715. [Richard E. Marsh, Robert B. Corey, and Linus Pauling]

• Check from AHP TO UNICEF Greeting Card Fund for $3.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to A.E. Kahn for $1.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to F.D.R. Club of Pasadena for $4.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to George Jensen Inc. for $36.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Itinerary: Edsel B Ford Lecture "The Future of Enzyme Research"; Statler Ball Room, International Symposium on Enzymes, Henry Ford Hospital [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Itinerary: Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit; Eugenics; "Edsel B. Ford Lecture" [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Itinerary: leave Detroit at 11:50 PM, arrive in lost Angles at 6:10 AM November 2nd [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Letter from Brother Benignus, C.S.C., Head of Science Dept., Notre Dame High School, to LP RE: Regarding the national concern of recruiting bright young people into science fields, Notre Dame High School plans to start a Science Club with its best students. Invites LP to speak at the opening meeting. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1955-1957), #38.1]
• Letter from Dr. Garrett Hardin, Associate Professor of Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara College, to LP RE: Pleased that LP has agreed to give a lecture at UC Santa Barbara during this academic year. Requests that LP suggest possible dates when his schedule becomes clear. Final examinations and inter-session vacation run from January 13 - February 6; that time period would not be desirable. [Letters from LP to Hardin October 24, 1955, December 6, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Letter from Gerard Piel, Publisher, Scientific American, to LP RE: Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau did not ask Scientific American for permission to republish LP, Corey, and Hayward's article. Scientific American would certainly not have approved of leaving Hayward's name off; will instruct the lawyers to attack. [Letter from LP to Flanagan October 21, 1955, Letter from LP to Piel December 6, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Organizational Correspondence. (Sa - Sc)), #374.9]
• Letter from Mary Alves, Editorial Service Dept., Time, Time and Life Building, to LP RE: Encloses the print which LP requested. Hopes that it is the right one. [Letters from LP to Alves October 24, 1955, November 10, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Organizational Correspondence. (La - Lo)), #219.3]
• Letter from Professor Paul A. Beck, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Dept., University of Illinois, to LP RE: Thanks LP for his contribution to the ASM Symposium on the Theory of Alloy Phases. Received several favorable comments on the program as a whole and on LP's contribution. Requests that LP send the manuscript of his lecture as soon as possible so that it can be included in the published volume. [Letter from Bayless to LP September 30, 1955, Letter from LP to Beck November 4, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1955s.22]
• Manuscript: "The Future of Enzyme Research," The Fourth Edsel B. Ford Lecture, International Symposium on Enzymes: Units of Biological Structure and Function, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1955s.25]

  THE FUTURE OF ENZYME RESEARCH *

  Linus Pauling

  The Fourth Edsel B. Ford Lecture

  Detroit, Michigan, 1 November 1955

  * Contribution No. 2061, Gates and Crellin Laboratories of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology

  I am honored to have been invited to speak at this great International Symposium on Enzymes, and especially to be allowed to give a talk with the title The Future of Enzyme Research. This title suggests that I think that I know enough about the subject of enzymes to extrapolate its course into the future - I do not - or that I have a scientific crystal ball that I can look into - I do not. What I do have is a deep belief about the importance of enzymes as subjects for investigation, and a sincere admiration for enzyme chemists and biologists; and I am happy to be associated with them, even if only in the peripheral capacity of an after-dinner speaker.

  The problem of enzymes encompasses essentially the whole of biology. When we understand enzymes - their structure, the mechanism of their synthesis, the mechanism of their action - we shall understand life, except for those aspects of life that involve mental processes; and I have no doubt that enzymes are important for these too.

  Enzymes do an extraordinary job - that of causing chemical reactions to take place in the body, at body temperature, which without enzymes can be made to take place only under much different conditions or with great difficulty. The outstanding characteristic of enzymes is their specificity. For example, the enzyme β-galactosidase is able easily to hydrolyse a galactoside, whereas it has little effect on the hydrolysis of a glucoside, which differs from the galactoside only in the spatial configuration about a single carbon atom.

  The specificity that is shown by enzymes in their activity is not unique to these substances. It is found also in the ability of antigens to produce specific antibodies, in the action of drugs and hormones, and in the action of genes in producing replicas of themselves and in serving also to produce other substances of well-defined structure. Of the various molecules that demonstrate specificity in their physiological activity, genes are the best. Antibodies are heterogeneous - they have the power of reacting not only with the antigen that caused their manufacture, but also with other antigens, more or less closely similar to the original one; enzymes may serve to catalyze reactions involving several different, somewhat related, substances; but genes seem to be nearly perfect in their action.

  It is easy to understand why genes come closer to perfection than the other molecules with specific biological activity - there is an automatic mechanism for making genes better¹. The manufacture of an antibody molecule is a process that occurs only once, so far as that molecule is concerned. I think that in the manufacture of an antibody molecule the antigen serves as the template, the antibody being molded about it. If the conditions under which the antibody molecule is being manufactured be such as to favor the formation of a good molecule, with high complementariness to the antigen molecule, the resulting molecule will be highly specific in its activity - it will be able to combine very strongly with the homologous antigen, and much less strongly with other molecules; but if conditions are unfavorable (including the operations of chance during the process of synthesis of the molecule) the antibody molecule that is formed may have only small power of combining with this antigen, and a greater power of combining with other molecules. There is no process of selection that operates to improve the quality of the antibody molecules that are manufactured with use of the injected antigen as the template. The process of duplication of genes is different in nature: it permits a search to be made for a molecular structure with improved power of reduplication. Let us consider, as an example, a gene that has undergone mutation. This molecule, which we may call A₁, serves as a template for the manufacture of a complementary molecule, B₁. This molecule, B₁ may then serve as the template for the manufacture of another molecule, A₂, complementary to B₁ and similar to A₁. By repetition of this process the series of molecules, each complementary to the preceding one, is continued: B₂, A₃, B₃, A₄, B₄. If at any time in this process a molecule A_n happens to be formed that is perfectly suited to serving as the template in the two-stage manufacture of a duplicate of itself, the process of duplication from then on would be a perfectly reliable one. In this way, the mechanism of heredity permits the ultimate discovery of a gene with the power of duplicating itself perfectly; or perhaps of a gene with such a structure that the process of duplication, if not perfect, is quickly self-correcting.

  In the above discussion we have assumed that biological specificity is the result of complementariness in structure, rather than identity in structure. Each of these two alternatives has its appeal. The idea that there are special forces that operate between identical molecules has been suggested to a number of investigators by the resonance phenomenon in quantum mechanics. It seems likely that the specific forces resulting from this phenomenon, operating between identical molecules, are so weak as to be negligible, in the case of large molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids². There is no doubt whatever that the specificity of the interaction of antibodies and antigens is due to a detailed complementariness in surface configuration and structure that permits the antibody molecule and the antigen molecule to come into close contact (to within about 1 Å of the minimum distance of approach) over a surface area of approximately 100 Ų, and that the integrated weak forces of van der Waals attraction, coulomb attraction between positively charged and negatively charge groups, and hydrogen-bond formation between complementary hydrogen donors and acceptors leads to a specific bond of significant strength between the complementary molecules. I think that complementariness in molecular structure of the same sort is responsible for biological specificity in general. In particular, I think that it is likely that many enzymes - perhaps all enzymes except those involved in the transfer of electrons during oxidation-reduction reactions - are effective because of a complementariness in structure to the reacting molecules. By the "reacting molecules" I do not mean the substrate molecules themselves, with their normal configurations. If an enzyme were to have a structure complementary to that of the substrate molecules in their normal configurations, the combination of the substrate molecule with the enzyme would stabilize the system, and in this way would increase the energy of activation associated with the reaction, and hence decrease the speed of the reaction. If, however, the enzyme were complementary in structure to the activated complex - the half-way structure in the chemical reaction - and not to the reactant molecules or the product molecules, then the energy of interaction of the enzyme with the activated complex would decrease the energy of activation, and hence increase the speed of the reaction. This is a reasonable picture of enzymic activity, and one that is supported by experimental information about inhibition of enzyme reactions. We see that a molecule of an excellent inhibitor of an enzyme is one that simulates in its structure the activated complex. By the continued study of inhibition of enzyme reactions and determination of the detailed molecular structure of the inhibitors it may be possible to reach some reliable and detailed conclusions about the structure of the enzyme itself, in the region carrying the activity.

  In order to increase our knowledge of the structure and mechanism of action of enzymes more work must be done in the field of molecular structure. In particular, the present structure theory of chemistry, which applies in the main to substances in their normal states, must be extended to cover also the activated complexes. Because of the brief period of time during which the activated complexes exist, in the course of chemical reactions, the experimental study of their structure is difficult. I think that it is likely that the development of the field of structural chemistry of activated complexes will be made in large part through the application of theory - an extrapolation from the chemical structure theory of substances in their normal state.

  Enzymology as a science now stands where organic chemistry stood a century ago, before the structural formulas of chemistry were developed. In the course of the many interesting papers about enzymes that were presented at the symposium today there was not shown a single lantern slide giving the interatomic interrelationships of an enzyme and the activated complex for the catalyzed reaction. The time is rapidly approaching when enzyme chemists will use structural formulas of activated complexes, and structural formulas of the enzymes with all interatomic dimensions correct; when this time comes, enzymology will have reached the stage in its development that has now been reached by organic chemistry.

  Enzymes are proteins. During recent years we have seen the astounding development of chemical methods, including chromatography, to such power as to permit the determination of long sequences of amino acids in the polypeptide chains of proteins. It is evident, however, that an understanding of the specific properties of proteins cannot be obtained through knowledge of amino-acid sequences along. It will also be necessary to have knowledge of the way in which the polypeptide chain is folded, and the detailed configuration in space of the side chains. I am confident that the x-ray investigation of crystals of globular proteins will be successful in leading to the complete structure determination - the location of every atom - of the molecules of many proteins long before the next fifty years of enzyme research is over. I am willing to forecast that within ten years there will have been made such a complete structure determination of at least one crystalline globular protein.

  It is hard to forecast to how great an extent enzyme research during the next fifty years will lead to progress in the field of medicine. It is now known that a number of diseases are the result of some sort of abnormality involving enzymes, and that perhaps these diseases should be described as molecular diseases, resulting from the synthesis of enzymes of abnormal structure, which are not able to carry out in a proper way the work that enzyme normally does. Sickle cell anemia was the first disease to be recognized as resulting from the gene-controlled synthesis of an abnormal molecule, in this case the hemoglobin molecule. It has been shown that a condition that may be called a disease occurs in Neurospora as a result of the manufacture of abnormal molecules of the enzyme tryptophan synthetase. The disease phenylketonuria, which leads to mental deficiency and other manifestations, seems clearly to be the result of a gene-controlled failure of the individual to manufacture an effective enzyme that normally catalyzes the process of oxidation of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Perhaps the genic abnormality is such as to lead to a complete interruption of the process of manufacturing this enzyme, or perhaps an abnormal molecule is manufactured, which does not have the normal enzymic activity. A score of diseases have so far been recognized as enzyme diseases, presumably resulting from the manufacture of abnormal molecules in place of the active enzyme molecules. I think that it is not unlikely that there are hundreds or thousands of such diseases.

  I foresee the day when many of these diseases will be treated by the use of artificial enzymes. When our understanding of enzyme activity becomes great enough, it will be possible to synthesize a catalyst for the oxidation of phenylalanine to tyrosine. A small amount of this catalyst may then be attached to a reticular framework inside of a small open-ended polythene tube, which can be permanently placed within an artery of a new-born child who has been shown by the presence of phenylpyruvic acid in the urine to have inherited phenylketonuria; through the action of the catalyst the child should then develop in a normal way. This idea seems fantastic now; but the world of 1955 is a fantastic world from the viewpoint of 1905, and I have little doubt that my prediction about the world 2005 will turn out not to be a bold one, but rather a timid and unimaginative one.

  Enzymes are wonderful substances - they consist of wonderful molecules. We do not know very much about these molecules as yet, and so far during this International Symposium on Enzymes there has been very little discussion of the new experimental information about enzymes in relation to the detailed molecular structures of the enzymes and the reacting molecules. I am sure that the field of enzyme research will be much different even fifteen years from now - that there will be much greater knowledge than we now have of structure and activity of enzymes. I hope that fifteen years from now there will be another international symposium on enzymes here in Detroit, and that I may have the opportunity to attend it - and I predict that many of the speakers at this symposium, in 1970, will illustrate their papers by use of the slides showing detailed molecular structures of enzymes and reacting molecules.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ¹ L. Pauling in discussion of Action of X-rays at Low Temperatures on the Gametes of Drosophila, by E. Novitski, Amer. Nat., 83, 189 (1949).

  ² L. Pauling and M. Delbruck, Nature of the Intermolecular Forces Operative in Biological Processes, Science, 92, 77 (1940).

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• Offprint, Correspondence: "A Proposal for a Grant in Support of Research on the Structure of Proteins and Related Substances," by Linus Pauling and Robert B. Corey, November 1, 1955. [Filed under LP Science: Box #14.034, Folder #34.1]
• Program: International Symposium on Enzymes: Units of Biological Structure and Function, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, November 1-3, 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.153] [Also filed under LP Speeches: 1955s.25]
• Typescript: "The Future of Enzyme Research," The Fourth Edsel B. Ford Lecture, International Symposium on Enzymes: Units of Biological Structure and Function, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1955s.25]

• Check from AHP to Mrs. Louise Brown for $12.20. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Check from AHP to Tom Matsumoto for $52.36. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Itinerary: National Academy of Sciences, C.J.T [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Letter from Dr. Arthur McE. Smith, Division of Natural Science, Humboldt State College, to LP RE: Pleased to hear that LP will be speaking at American Heritage Week. Invites LP to stay overnight or for the weekend with the Smiths. Can accommodate AHP as well. Would also like to have LP speak to members of the Natural Science faculty and others at a Science Seminar on February 17 at 4 PM. Encloses a note from the wife of the other chemist. [Letter from LP to Smith January 3, 1956] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.6]
• Letter from Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, University Museum, Oxford, England, to LP RE: Pleased to send the reprints. As he will have heard from Jenny Pickworth, there is more of this story still to come. Thanks LP for his help. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Individual Correspondence. (Hicks - Hodgkin)), #159.12]
• Letter from Dr. J. B. Neilands, Biochemistry Dept., University of California, to LP RE: Have attempted to obtain large crystals of ferrichrome, but have only found the tiny needles. Have had some success in identifying fragments of ferrichrome by chemical hydrolytic means. In the meantime, have isolated another substance called ferrichrome A. Encloses article reprint on ferrichrome A. Will send larger amount of the small ferrichrome crystals in the hope that it can recrystallized at Caltech to produce larger crystals for analysis. [Letters from LP to Neilands October 27, 1955, November 23, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Individual Correspondence. (Nader - Newbold)), #276.6]
• Letter from Lon Hocker, Chief Hearings Counsel, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, to LP RE: Appears that the Committee will not get to LP's case until November 15. Suggests that LP arrive a day early so that Hocker can review his testimony with him. Thinks LP would also enjoy hearing the testimony of the first day's witness. Looks forward to receiving a copy of LP's statement next week. Suggests that LP bring correspondence regarding his efforts to obtain a passport. [Letter from LP to Hocker November 9, 1955] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.5]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Peter writes to update his father on his research as well as that of his colleagues. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  2 November 1955

  Dear Daddy,

  I have received a letter from Jack de Wel of Balliol College thanking me for the 10. Building of the best house will begin early 1956 and it is hoped to be completed by Michelmas Term.

  John Kendrew has suggested that I ask you if I could get a post doctoral research fellowship. What do you think? Carrol Williams is here. Perhaps he would have an opinion. I suppose it depends on what I want to do. I must apply soon. Joe Krant has a grant from some secret group in Florida who seems to have a good deal of money.

  A Canadian here named W.C. Nixon is coming to Redlands for three months in January.

  He has made an x-ray shadowgraph gadget, with a focussed electron beam to get a 3μ diameter or 2μ x-ray source. It is then possible to take shadow pictures of metal crystals say and biological things, ants legs. I have sent him to you; You should talk to him a bit to look at his stereographic photographs of the insides of bugs and metal crystals. They are quite beautiful. Baez at Redlands has one (also Kirkpatrick and Wykoff), and it would have applications for diffraction work on small specimens, say individual bands of muscle fibrus. It would be fairly easy to make a camera, one hole collinator with a 1μ hole.

  My results on putting HgI₄ = on myoglobin, P2, 2, 2, 4 mols, are so far not happy. I cannot interpret the difference patterson. Three dimensional work has not yet begun, but it should in a few months.

  I am fairly worried about what to do what next year.

  Much love,

  Peter

  If you would care to send the coordinates or projection of your collagen structure, I should like to make some marks and Elliot will run the Transform. His gadget uses a mirror, with about a 32 foot focal length. He made it himself.

  Peter

• Letter from S. Ghosh, General Secretary, National Academy of Sciences, India to LP RE: Informs LP that LP has been elected as an Honorary Fellow which will be celebrated at Lucknow University in India December 26-29. Asks for LP to send a photograph, life sketch, and an article of general interest to be included in the Souvenir Volume. [Letter from LP to Ghosh November 10, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder #15.3]

• Itinerary: National Academy of Sciences, C.J.T [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Letter from Dr. David Pressman, Director of Cancer Research in Biochemistry, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, to LP RE: Enjoyed symposium in Washington. Appreciated the opportunity to talk with LP and others. Will be presenting similar material on the use of antibodies in determining the configurations important for biological specificity for a hospital staff meeting, as well as at the University of Buffalo's Chemistry Department seminar. Plans to arrive in California on December 22nd and leave right after New Year's. Would appreciate it if LP could make arrangements for his lodgings during that period. Hopes to have the anti-Xp` antibodies manuscript completed by then so that he and LP can work on it. The antiserum used in the study was prepared at Caltech; has only had the chance to use it since arriving at Roswell Park. The work will be published jointly with Caltech. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Individual Correspondence. (Polunin - Pritikin)), #309.7]
• Letter from Dr. Ellsworth C. Dougherty, Physiology Dept., School of Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, to LP RE: Recalls LP's 1948 visit to Dr. Victor Nigon's laboratory in Paris. LP went there on the request of the Guggenheim Foundation to ascertain the status of Dougherty's work there. Describes his continued collaboration with Nigon since then. Encloses a letter which he recently received from Nigon. Requests that LP address his reply to Dougherty, and then Dougherty will reply to Nigon in his own words. [Letter from Nigon to Dougherty October 11, 1955, Letter from LP to Dougherty November 11, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Correspondence), #287.22]
• Letter from J.R. Bradburn, President, ElectroData Corporation, to LP RE: Regarding the subject of performing computing work on crystals, Bradburn has asked Dr. Brock to consult with Dr. Pasternak to obtain an effective procedure for the completion of Dr. Pasternak's work on the leucylprolylglcine crystal. Brock and Pastenak were initially delayed, but they have since arrived at an arrangement for the completion of the work. ElectroData would like to be of maximum assistance to Caltech; let them know if there is anything else they can do. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (E: Organizational Correspondence. (Ea - Ex)), #111.3]
• Note from LP to himself RE: States thoughts about the complex discussed in The Crystal Structure of an Ethylene-Palladium Chloride Complex as being a dimer. [Filed under LP Science: Box #10.003, Folder #3.8]
• Receipt from California Institute of Technology to LP for $0.77. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Tax Documents, 1930-1956), Box #4.001, Folder #1.10]

• Check from AHP to Pearl M. Jordan for $100.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Itinerary: National Academy of Sciences, C.J.T [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Letter from Dael Wolfle, Administrative Secretary, Science, to LP RE: Encloses a manuscript by Labaw and Wyckoff entitled "The Crystal Structure of the Turnips Yellows Virus Protein" for LP's judgment. Encloses comment form. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Organizational Correspondence. (Sa - Sc)), #374.6]
• Letter from Dr. Leonard Hamilton, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, to LP RE: Assumes from LP's silence on the subject that it was not worthwhile to make a complete structure determination of 6-mercaptopurine. Encloses a reprint from a Cancer Chemotherapy issue of CA. [Letter from LP to Hamilton November 11, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Letter from LP to Brother Benignus, C.S.C., Head of Science Dept., Notre Dame High School, RE: Pleased to hear about Notre Dame's Science Club and the plans to invite various scientists to speak at its meetings. Unable to give a speech this year, but could perhaps do so next year. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1955-1957), #38.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. David T. Smith, School of Medicine, Duke University, RE: Gives permission for Smith to reproduce some figures from his article in Endeavor, provided that permission is granted by Endeavor. [Letter from Smith to LP October 31, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1953-1956), #379.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Friedrich Helfferich, Max Planck Institute for Physical Chemistry, Germany, RE: Satisfied with the translation of the preface and with the last minute changes. Looking forward to seeing the published book. [Letter from Helfferich to LP October 29, 1955, Letter from LP to Helfferich December 6, 1955] [Filed under LP Books: (General Chemistry: An Introduction to Descriptive Chemistry and Modern Chemical Theory, Second Edition), #1953b.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Howard R. Bierman, City of Hope Medical Center, RE: Interested to read the manuscript entitled "The Influence of Histamine upon the Circulating Leukocyte Level in Patients with the Leukemias." LP does not know much about the subject; therefore he is unable to provide any significant comment. Returns copy of the manuscript. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Organizational Correspondence. (Ch - Ci)), #70.9]
• Letter from LP to J.R. Bradburn, ElectroData Corporation, RE: Pleased to learn of the decision to have Dr. Brock consult with Dr. Pasternak to obtain an effective procedure for the completion of the work. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (E: Organizational Correspondence. (Ea - Ex)), #111.3]
• Letter from LP to Leon Lukaszewski, Audio-Digest Foundation, RE: Thanks Lukaszewski for his letter and for the references to papers relating to sickle cell anemia. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Correspondence, 1955-1960), #231.1]
• Letter from LP to Professor Paul A. Beck, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Illinois, RE: Has typed his manuscript of the talk he delivered at the ASM Symposium. Hopes to check through the manuscript in the next few days. Will send it to Beck next week. [Letter from Beck to LP November 1, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1955s.22]
• Letter from LP to W.H. Freeman, W.H. Freeman and Company, Publishers, RE: Looks forward to hearing the decision about The Structure of Line Spectra. The royalty is fifteen percent of the list price. Suggests that this be split equally between Dr. Goudsmit and LP. Wonders if it is worthwhile to publish as a paper-back. [Letter from Freeman to LP October 31, 1955, Letter from Schaefer to LP November 29, 1955] [Filed under LP Books: (The Structure of Line Spectra), #1930b.6]
• Letter from Professor Fred T. Wall, William Albert Noyes Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Illinois, to LP RE: Pleased to see LP last Wednesday. LP should refer to Wall's letter of August 11 when making his lecture schedule. Again asks whether LP would like to the lectures published in monograph form. Requests a glossy photo of LP. [Letter from Wall to LP August 11, 1955, Letter from LP to Wall January 3, 1956] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.11]
• Letter from Professor Joshua Lederberg, Genetics Dept., University of Wisconsin, to LP RE: Lederberg has heard LP say that intermolecular forces in crystallization are based on self-complementarity rather than a system of attraction of like structures. Puzzled by this argument. Given two molecular species A and B, wonders on what basis is it more likely that A will be complementary to A than to B. Wonders why glucose is a closer complementary fit on glucose than on galactose. Wonders if self-complementarity is unique to compounds of biological interest. Appreciated LP's speech in which he alluded to Landsteinerian vs. Paulingian experimental logics. [Letter from LP to Lederberg January 4, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Individual Correspondence. (Lederberg - Lewis, E.B.)), #215.1]
• Letter from Raymond R. Edwards of the University of Arkansas to LP RE: Inquires as to whether LP would give a lecture at the university in the future for a lecture series. [Letter from LP to Edwards January 4, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (E: Correspondence, 1956), #112.22]
• Program: The Swedish Club of Los Angeles First Annual Awards Banquet, Honoring the Memory of Alfred Nobel, Los Angeles, November 4, 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.160]
• Review by LP regarding "A Chemical Model of Drug Action." [Letter from Wolfle to LP October 11, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Organizational Correspondence. (Sa - Sc)), #374.6]

• Letter from Esther Everett Lape, The American Foundation Studies, to LP RE: Encloses publisher's leaflet describing the report Medical Research: A Midcentury Survey. Will send the entire report within the next few weeks. Report received praise from Albert Deutsch. Sorry that LP will not be attending The American Foundation's dinner to promote the purpose of the report. [Letters from Lape to LP October 1, 1955, November 11, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Organizational Correspondence. (Am - Am)), #10.1]

• Letter from Dr. Albert V. Baez, Physics Dept., University of Redlands, to LP RE: Would like to discuss with LP the possibility of a western group of members of the Society for Social Responsibility in Science (SSRS). Has recently accepted post of Chairman of the Educational Division. Has not yet received the full list of members, so does not know whether LP is a member. Has thought of printing Victor Paschkis' article "The Scientist's Responsibility: A Pacifist View" as a pamphlet in a series issued by SSRS. Request LP's comments. Invites LP to attend Hans Thirring's speech on November 7. [Letter from LP to Baez November 9, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1953-1956), #379.3]

• Article: "Theorell Awarded Nobel Prize," Chemical and Engineering News. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.10]
• Check from AHP to American Medical Center for Burma for $3.75. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Check from AHP to McBride Animal Hospital for $61.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to Pasadena Community Chest for $15.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Check from AHP to R. Walbridge Pool Company for $27.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to Tracy Cesspool Service for $235.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Letter from Charles M. Carpenter, M.D., Chairman, Research Advisory Committee, to LP RE: Announces next meeting of the City of Hope Research Advisory Committee. The National Scientific Council meeting will also be held on that date in the same city. Doctors Aub, Cowdry, and Womack will be at the Research Advisory Committee meeting also. Provides agenda for meeting. Requests that LP return RSVP card. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Organizational Correspondence. (Ch - Ci)), #70.9]
• Letter from Dr. John Leo Abernethy, Physical Sciences Dept., California State Polytechnic College, to LP RE: Requests to be added to Caltech News Bureau mailing list and to demonstration lecture program because he has been appointed associate editor of the Journal of Chemical Education. It will be his duty to find news to fill the two pages allotted to the Pacific Southwest Association of Chemistry Teachers. Requests news material of interest to chemistry teachers to be sent to him. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence), #12.21]
• Letter from LP to Dr. John R. Pierce, Bell Telephone Laboratories. [Letter from Pierce to LP November 17, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #313.3]

  7 November 1955

  Dr. John R. Pierce

  Bell Telephone Laboratories

  Murray Hill, New Jersey

  Dear John:

  I am writing in part to ask how your work as a science fiction author is progressing. It has been a rather long time since I have read a story by you - it seems to me to be several years, although I may be wrong about this. I remember reading an article not very long ago. I think it was about the problem of communication between the moon and the earth. I still read a good bit of science fiction, but I have never been able to settle down to trying to write a story.

  Things are going along well in the chemistry laboratories here. We have a new building, or, rather, half of a new building. The Norman Church Laboratory for Chemical Biology has just been completed, and Professor Corey and some other members of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering will soon move into it. I too am planning to move over, because I have become more and more interested in the application of chemistry to problems of biology and medicine.

  With best regards, I am

  Sincerely,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Rev. Joseph A. Duke, S.J., Chairman, Chemistry Dept., Wheeling College, RE: Duke's letter escaped LP's attention and so he did not arrange to meet with Duke while in Washington. Wonders if Duke would care to write to him regarding plans for the development of the chemistry department at Georgetown University. LP is deeply interested in the subject of chemical education. Pleased that his books are being well-received in Duke's classes. [Letter from Duke to LP October 18, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (D: Correspondence, 1936-1959)), #98.20]
• Letter from Linus Pauling, Jr. to LP, RE: Says that everything is getting alone well there and Ramona and the boys are growing fast. Tells him that he and Anita have given instructions for the transfer of $50,000 of stock to Caltech and that LP will receive notice of its arrival. Encloses a monograph on phenylketonuria by Richard Holder. Thanks LP and AHP for the flowers they sent to Anita. [Filed under LP Personal Safe, Drawer #2, Folder #2.013]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Peter writes to request that his father send him a copy of a grant proposal and also provide a recommendation for the work being done by the MRC Unit in Professor Mott's laboratory. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  Todd Corey "No one else in the world is anywhere near them"

  Too

  7 November 1955

  Dear Daddy,

  If you have a spare one, may I have a copy of your request for a grant from Ford? Would you care to write

  the Treasurer

  National Academy of Sciences

  2101 Constitution Avenue

  Washington 25, D.C.

  enclosing a cheque for $7.50 payable to the National Academy of Sciences for a subscription to the Proceedings for me at the red circled address for volume 42, which is 1956, please?

  If you think you can do it, would you like to write Prof. Mott and tell him you are impressed by the work done by the MRC Unit in his laboratory and think it is frightfully important. The Unit includes Drs. FHC Crick, Alex Rich, Don Kasper, J.D. Watson, MF Perutz and J.C. Kendrew. Mott is sort of squeezing us out I think. He wants the room, and perhaps an independent judgment of the value of the work would help him decide.

  Thank you.

  Much love,

  Peter

• Letter from Roy Waldo Miner, Chairman, Committee on Prizes, The New York Academy of Sciences, to Dr. Robert R. Citron, RE: Citron's paper "Spectrophotometric Data as Related to Cancer Lipid Immunologic Studies" has been received and will be considered for The A. Cressy Morrison Prize in Natural Science of 1955. The results of the competition will be announced at the Annual Meeting of the Academy on December 1. Encloses a copy of the conditions governing these prizes. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Individual Correspondence. (Citron - Conant), #66.1]
• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Telegram from Dr. Alexander Hollaender, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, to LP RE: Requests answer to the invitation to speak at the conference which is being arranged by the Biology Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. [Letter from Hollaender to LP October 10, 1955, Letter from LP to Hollaender November 9, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Typescript: "Statement by Linus Pauling," RE: LP's relations with the U.S. State Department to be presented at a hearing before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.5]

• Letter from Dr. Paul Brock, Manager, Technical Service Bureau, ElectroData, to LP, RE: Brock and Pasternak have conferred on the continuance of the analysis of the leucylprolylglycine crystal. Agreed that the demonstration computer laboratory will be available to Pasternak on certain dates in November and December. If additional time is needed, it can be arranged. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (E: Organizational Correspondence. (Ea - Ex)), #111.3]
• Letter from Dr. Richard L. Masland, Research Director, National Association for Retarded Children, to LP RE: Dr. Leonard Duhl mentioned that LP was interested in mental health retardation, particularly in the search for biochemical abnormalities in such patients. Masland wonders whether they should begin to apply the data about the intermediary metabolism to a study of retarded individuals through a mass screening process. Would like to discuss this question and other related problems with LP. Encloses his itinerary for the next few months. Suggests that either he visit LP or LP visit him. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #256.6]
• Letter from Julio E. Revollo Acosta to LP RE: Requests autograph. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence), #12.21]
• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Telegram from Herbert T. Rosenfeld to LP RE: Six Los Angeles chapters of the American Humanist Association invite LP to share the platform with Paul Blanshard on December 6 on the subject of "Book Burning: The Right to Read." [Telegram from LP to Rosenfeld November 9, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]

• Check from AHP to Tom Matsumoto for $26.32. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Letter from Beatrice Wulf, Secretary to LP, to Helen York RE: Has tried to reach York by phone, but was unsuccessful. Wulf and Dr. Niemann now have a clearer idea of what they are looking for in an applicant. Would like to find someone with a good bit of experience in keeping academic records, and thinks it would be wiser to wait until they can find someone who has worked more along this line. [Letter from Wulf to Taylor October 21, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Y: Correspondence, 1938-1977), #462.11]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Albert V. Baez, Physics Dept., University of Redlands, RE: Has been paying dues to the Society for Social Responsibility in Science, but has never become a member because he was too busy. Heard that Hans Thirring was to speak at Redlands, but LP and AHP had another engagement that evening. Glad to give Baez advice at any time. LP's son has written to him that Dr. Mixon will be with Baez in January. Looks forward to seeing Mixon. [Letter from Baez to LP November 6, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1953-1956), #379.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Alexander Hollaender, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, RE: Apologizes for the delay in responding. Regrets that he will be unable to attend the conference that the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Biology Division has arranged. Sorry to miss the conference because the topics listed on the tentative program sound interesting. [Telegram from Hollaender to LP November 7, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Letter from LP to Lon Hocker, Chief Hearings Counsel, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, RE: Encloses a brief statement about his relations with the State Department. Will fly to Washington on November 13. Will stay in the Woodner Hotel and attend the hearing on Monday morning. Will bring correspondence about his passport with him. [Letter from Hocker to LP November 2, 1955] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.5]
• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  9 November 1955

  Dear Peter:

  I am not sure how much chance there is for you to get a postdoctoral research fellowship. It happens rather often that a man who holds a pre-doctoral fellowship from the National Science Foundation is also awarded a postdoctoral fellowship, for study in Europe, but I do not know what they would think about a man who had already been in Europe for four years. At any rate, there is no harm in trying - why don't you popooff an application to NSF for a postdoctoral fellowship. I think that if Kendrew supports the application reasonably strongly, and if seems important for you to continue with him for another year, you would have some chance.

  Why don't you try to squeeze some information out of Joe Kraut about the group that is supporting him. I don't know about the Florida group, but I might be able to find out if I had a little lead. Perhaps it would be better for you to work for a year in some other place in Europe, but I am not sure where you would want to go. Theorell's laboratory is a possibility, and you might be able to make up an argument about combining structural Information (x-ray data) with magnetic properties. Very little work has been done on the magnetic properties of myoglobin. You might look up a paper on magnetic properties of myoglobin, published from our laboratories. It is in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, along about 1938, by a fellow named Taylor, I think, who was a graduate student here. The principal papers on hemoglobin are Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 22,159, 210 (1936), J.A.C.S., 59, 635 (1937), J. Phys. Chem., 43, 825 (1939), J. Biol. Chem., 132. 769 (1940). I think that there would be considerably better chance of getting the NSF postdoctoral if you were to move to another country than if you were to stay with Kendrew. Theorell has developed magnetic techniques very greatly, in connection with his work on magnetic properties of cytochrome-c. He started out by coming to Pasadena for a summer, and working with our apparatus, which he then improved in his design.

  There has been some paramagnetic resonance work done on hemoglobin, and perhaps on myoglobin, recently. I have seen a letter in Nature, I think, a few weeks back. There seems to be a dependence of the g factor upon the orientation of the heme group. This might be made into a valuable way of getting information about the orientation of the heme groups in a crystal of unknown structure, probably more sensitive than the dichroiam method.

  I shall look forward to seeing W. C. Mixon when he comes to Redlands. I know about the Kirkpatrick work - Kirkpatrick was a student of Du Mond's some 25 years ago. As to our collagen structure, some optical diffraction patterns have already been made, by Baer. They come out reasonably well -not perfect but close enough to make the configuration a possible one.

  I went to Washington, D.C. and Detroit on a six-day trip test week. We had a symposition in Washington (Office of Naval Research) on molecular structure and biological specificity. I was chairman. In Detroit I attended one day of an international sympositum on enzymes, and then gave an address in the evening, the Edsel B. Ford Lecture, on the future of enzyme chemistry.

  Sanger is here - he gave the chemistry seminar yesterday. He said that he brought your regards. He seems not to know Linda, although he said that he had seen her about.

  I am not sure that I have told you about the program of research that I hope to set out on, dealing with mental deficiency. I think that it may well be that most cases of mental deficiency have a biochemical abnormality as their basis. I have been in correspondence with Haldane about this.

  Mama and I are going to drive up to Berkeley in a couple of weeks, in order that I may attend a conference arranged by the Office of Naval Research, dealing with work in biophysics in the western United States. We are getting along well, except for Jeff. When we got back from our eastern trip three veeks ago we found Jeff in the hospital, and operated on for a broken leg. He had had a leg that bothered him for some time, and Mama had taken him to the hospital to have it looked over about two months ago. He seems to have injured it again while we were away. Now he has a pin in his right shoulder, and he uses his right foreleg hardly at all. We are hoping that he will improve, as time goes by, and will have some use from the leg.

  Corey and I have been talking a great deal about possibility in determining the structure of crystals of globular proteins.

  Love from

  [Linus Pauling]

• Letter from Paul Kelley, Highland Local Schools, to Gentlemen at Caltech, Attn: Physics Dept., RE: Kelley is a high school student working on a science fair project on the development and use of solar power, both in the solar furnace and the solar battery. Would be interested in any material they could send him on this topic. Plans to be a chemical engineer. [Letter from Clark to Gentlemen November 10, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1936-1956), #200.20]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Peter writes to discuss his research and the availability of various books that LP has requested. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  9 November 1955

  Dear Daddy,

  I enclose your current account. The book shop occasionally forgets to send the penguins. I can find no record of a subscription to the Faraday Society for 1955. Perhaps you have let it drop. You were not at home in January when it probably came up.

  How about getting Holmes to make another Rotating Anode, smaller, faster, so a precession camera will go on it. There is a firm which makes a recording deusitometer for single crystal photographs that have straight layer lines that is quite good for about $2000.

  I am considering working on x-ray diffraction of bacterial flagella or electron microscopy of viruses, and virus degredation products. Perhaps I should go on to simpler rather than more complicated problems.

  Much love,

  Peter

• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Telegram from LP to Herbert T. Rosenfeld, RE: Regrets that his busy schedule prevents acceptance of the invitation. [Telegram from Rosenfeld to LP November 8, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]

• Check from AHP to David Hyen for $100.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Check from AHP to Florence Carlsson for $194.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Financial Notebooks, 1956-1982), Box #4.080, Folder #80.1]
• Check from AHP to Hjalmar Carlsson for $194.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Financial Notebooks, 1956-1982), Box #4.080, Folder #80.1]
• Letter from Dr. Alexander Rich, Cavendish Laboratory, Physics Dept., University of Cambridge, to LP. [Letter from LP to Alexander Rich October 5, 1955, Memo from LP to R. Marsh in November (general)] [Filed under LP Science: Box #6.004, Folder #4.20] [Also filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Individual Correspondence. (Reynolds - Riley)), #329.3]

  Dear Dr. Pauling,

  Thank you for the dimensions of the proline ring and your comments about the collagen model which Francis and I have formulated.

  We are indeed aware of the disadvantages which you describe, especially those dealing with the deficit of Hydrogen bonds. However, if the sequence –gly–pro–hypro occurs systematically in collagen, one must of necessity lose hydrogen bonds, neglecting for the moment those introduced through side chains.

  I am enclosing a copy of the manuscript which we sent off to Nature, and which should appear soon.

  We have looked at the infra-red absorption predicted by this model (I should say these models) and we believe the amide II dichroism would be II and weak. In this determination we have filled about 1/3rd of the pro sites with proline and 1/3rd the hypro sites with hydroxyproline. We have also used the transition moments obtained by Sandeman (Proc. Roy. Soc. A232, IC5, Oct. 1955), which were similar to those obtained by Arthur Elliott in studying Acetamidizole. However, I quite agree that one should not put too much weight on the finer features of the infra-red spectrum.

  With best regards, yours sincerely,

  Alex

• Letter from LP to Dean Hugh Stott Taylor, Princeton University, RE: Sorry to learn that Taylor had been in Pasadena October 29 - November 1 because this time coincided with LP's trip east. Would have enjoyed seeing Taylor. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Individual Correspondence. (Tamm - Taylor, W.H.)), #405.6]
• Letter from LP to Dr. J. T. Braunholtz RE: Happy to hear that Braunholtz enjoyed his year at Caltech. Congratulates Braunholtz on his Fellowship at Trinity College. Hopes to that Braunholtz and his wife might be able to visit Pasadena again. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1955-1957), #38.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. William S. Collens, RE: Glad that Collens was interested in LP's after-dinner talk in Detroit. Agrees that many diseases that present genetic characteristics have a molecular basis. As there are so many molecules in the human body, it is difficult to know where to look for the abnormal ones. Hopes that he did not give the impression of minimizing Landsteiner's work on blood types. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1921-1957), #74.23]
• Letter from LP to Linus Pauling, Jr. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.037, Folder #37.8]

  10 November 1955

  Dear Linie and Anita:

  I am writing especially to ask if you received a copy of the application that I had prepared to the Ford Foundation for a grant in support of a program of research on mental deficiency. At the same time that the copy was to be sent to you, I had intended that a copy be sent to Max Mason. I saw him a few days ago, and he said that he had not received his copy (I then gave him a copy), and it occurred to me that your copy also might not have been mailed.

  I have just returned from a brief trip east. I served as chairman at a symposium on molecular structure and biological specificity, in Washington, D.C., held under the auspices of the Office of Naval Research. Then I went to Detroit, and gave the Edsel B. Ford Lecture, to a large crowd of people, mainly chemists and biologists that were attending a symposium on enzymes. My lecture was on the future of enzyme chemistry. Mrs. Edsel Ford was there, and said that she understood every word of what I had to say.

  Mama did not go with me on this trip. She and I had been in New York, Washington, and Philadelphia for nearly two weeks, around the middle of October. I received an honorary doctor's degree from Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, visited the Public Health Service people in Washington, and gave a talk on the structure of metals and alloys before the Institute of Metals, meeting in Philadelphia. We rented a car in New York, and had a fine drive north along the Hudson, then through the park near Bear Mountain, and south to Washington, and then back to New York by way of Philadelphia.

  Linda has not come home yet, and she seems to be postponing her travel from month to month. Peter seems to be getting along well with his research. Mama seems to be in good health. She has a full-time maid now, Mrs. Jordan, who lives near us on the hill. She has been putting in a day or two each week working with the Quakers, and also with the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom.

  Love from

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Mary Alves, Editorial Service Dept., Time, Time and Life Building, RE: LP and AHP thank Alves and her associates for sending them another print of the photograph taken at the American Philosophical Society meeting. [Letter from Alves to LP November 1, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Organizational Correspondence. (La - Lo)), #219.3]
• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  10 November 1955

  Dear Peter:

  I am writing to tell you that Ed Condon told me that his son Paul Condon is now at 3 Somerhill Road, Somertown, Oxford. I told Ed and Mrs. Condon that I would let you know about Paul.

  I judge that Paul is about 21 years old. You may remember him, as one of the Condon boys in the Condon house when we stayed with them at the Bureau of Standards. Paul has just finished his undergraduate work at Harvard, and he was then awarded a Sheldon Traveling Fellowship by Harvard University, permitting him to travel about Europe for one year. I think that he is expecting to stay about three months in Oxford, and whether or not he plans to visit Cambridge I do not know. However, I should think it would be just as well for him to put in some time in Cambridge and you might think it worth while to write to him, suggesting that he come over for at least a short visit. I am not sure how much good a traveling fellowship of this sort does a young physicist who has not yet started out on research. Mama and I entertained Lord Halsbury at dinner last night - he was the only guest. He is a very interesting fellow, a chemist by profession. He seems to me to know a great deal. I don't understand how he came to be a lord.

  Mrs. Jordan is working full time for us now, and Mama has time accordingly to do other things. She has been putting in a day every week working with the Quakers, and also some time with the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom.

  Love from

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Professor Bernard A. Lippman, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, RE: The work that LP and his group are doing in solid state physics with ONR research deals mainly with the determination of the structure of complex intermetallic compounds. Under separate cover, sends recent reprints. Have not been preparing separate reports of the work for distribution because the results obtained are being published without much delay. [Letter from Lippman to LP October 13, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Correspondence, 1955-1960), #231.1]
• Letter from LP to Professor David P. Shoemaker, MIT, RE: Encloses manuscript sent by Dr. Clapp and the translation of the Russian paper. Cannot see any objection to showing the paper to Blitzer. Hopes that Shoemaker's wife has been able to come to Cambridge by now. Sorry not to see Shoemaker at the American Institute of Metals Symposium. Lord Halsbury has recently visited. Describes some of Halsbury's achievements. Two copies. [Letter from Shoemaker to LP October 10, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Individual Correspondence. (Shaw - Shriver)), #363.3]
• Letter from LP to Professor Jacob Kleinberg, Chemistry Dept., University of Kansas, RE: Has written to Phi Lambda Upsilon and accepted their invitation to deliver the E.C. Franklin Memorial Lecture this year, suggesting May 7 as the date. [Letters from Kleinberg to LP October 19, 1955, December 6, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.22]
• Letter from LP to Professor Joseph B. Platt, Physics Dept., University of Rochester, RE: Does not have his 1929 and 1930 notebooks conveniently at hand and so cannot tell Platt what he used for a Debye temperature of fuchsite. Fairly sure that the intensities of reflection that he reported are for molybdenum K-alpha and not for copper K-alpha. Has not been following x-ray work on the mica minerals during recent years, so cannot give references on the mosaic crystal coefficient for the micas. Suggests that Platt check the volumes of Strukturbericht and of Structure Reports. If they absolutely need to know the Debye temperature that LP used, Platt can write again, and LP will dig through his old research books to find it. [Letters from Platt to LP October 19, 1955, November 14, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #313.3]
• Letter from LP to Robert W. McKinney, Corresponding Secretary, Phi Lambda Upsilon, Chemistry Dept., University of Kansas, RE: Accepts invitation to deliver the E.C. Franklin Memorial Lecture at the University of Kansas. A date in April or early May, perhaps May 7, would work best for LP. LP and AHP would arrive in Lawrence on Saturday or Sunday. [Letter from McKinney to LP October 18, 1955, November 14, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.22]
• Letter from LP to S. Ghosh, General Secretary, National Academy of Sciences, India RE: LP is glad to accept the honor of Honorary Fellow of the National Academy of Science of India and will send a photograph under separate cover. Later he will send an article and biography. [Letter from Ghosh to LP November 2, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder #15.3]
• Letter from Odis C. Clark, Science Club Advisor, Highland Local Schools, to Gentlemen at Caltech, RE: Confirms that Paul Kelley is a student at Highland high school and a member in good standing of the Highland Science Club. Kelley is currently working on a project on the development in the utilization of solar power and plans to be an engineer. The school and the club would appreciate any assistance that Caltech might be able to provide. [Letter from Kelley to Gentlemen November 9, 1955, Letter from LP to Kelley November 26, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1936-1956), #200.20]
• Letter from Paul F. Hopper, Chairman, General Planning Committee, Symposium on Molecular Structure and Biological Specificity, to Dr. E.E. Dunn, Biochemical Research Dept., Dow Chemical Company, RE: Thanks Dunn for his company's generous contribution of financial support for the Symposium on Molecular Structure and Biological Specificity. Encloses a copy of the program. Will send a copy of the proceedings when it is published. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1955s.24]
• Letter from Professor John Happel, Chairman, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, New York University, to LP RE: The NYU Department of Chemical Engineering has undertaken a re-examination of policies regarding the admission of students to candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Science. One of the requirements is a qualifying examination. Interested in comparing this exam with similar exams given at other universities which grant this degree. Requests representative copies of qualifying examinations which have been given recently at Caltech. Requests any related information, such as the duration of the exam and the minimum acceptable grade. [Letter from LP to Happel November 21, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Review by LP regarding "The Crystal Structure of Turnips Yellows Virus Protein" by Labaw and Wyckoff. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Organizational Correspondence. (Sa - Sc)), #374.6]

• Check from AHP to Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors for $5.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to Elizabeth Gillette for $10.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Check from AHP to Mira Loma Mutual Water Company for $26.94. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to National Parks Association for $6.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Check from LP to Bennett Travel Agency for $312.98. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.3]
• Check from LP to California Institute of Technology Bookstore for $46.93. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.3]
• Check from LP to Journal of Chemical Education for $13.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.3]
• Letter from Beatrice Wulf, Secretary to LP, to Professor Paul A. Beck, University of Illinois, RE: Encloses a copy of LP's manuscript entitled "The Electronic Structure of Metals and Alloys" to be published in a book by the American Society of Metals. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.6]
• Letter from California Institute of Technology to LP, RE: Check from Foundation to LP for $861.04 for payment due to LP as a result of the royalties received from A.O. Beckman license. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Tax Documents, 1930-1956), Box #4.001, Folder #1.9]
• Letter from Cornel Lengyel to LP RE: A year ago, Lengyel prepared the draft of a script, subject to LP's approval, of a documentary film biography of LP. The project was necessarily postponed when LP left for Stockholm. Erven Jourdan would now like to produce the film whenever a schedule can be worked out that is mutually agreeable. If LP is interested, Lengyel requests that he send a note of inquiry to Jourdan. Encloses the jacket of a book which he co-authored. [Letter from LP to Jourdan November 30, 1955, Letter from LP to Lengyel November 30, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Correspondence, 1955-1960), #231.1]
• Letter from Esther Everett Lape, The American Foundation Studies, to LP RE: Encloses two press stories which will be used to promote the ideas presented in Medical Research: A Midcentury Survey. The shorter story will be sent to general newspapers; the longer one will be offered to editorial and science writers, book reviewers, medical and scientific publications. Encloses list of speakers for the dinner to promote the ideas presented in the report. [Letters from Lape to LP November 5, 1955, December 7, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Organizational Correspondence. (Am - Am)), #10.1]
• Letter from Herman J. Getzoff, American Committee for the Weizmann Institute of Science to LP and AHP RE: Encloses two complimentary tickets for the annual dinner to be held at the Waldorf Astoria on December 1st. Asks LP to RSVP. [Letter from LP to Getzoff November 18, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder #15.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Ellsworth C. Dougherty, Physiology Dept., School of Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, RE: Pleased learn of Dougherty's continued collaboration with Professor Victor Nigon. LP and AHP may see Dougherty soon, as LP will be delivering lectures at Berkeley in January and February. As requested, describes his philosophical attitudes, which he says correspond closely with those held by Professor Einstein. Would describe himself as a scientific rationalist. Pleased by the suggestion that he be considered for the place left vacant by Einstein's death on the Committee of Honor of the Union Rationaliste. [Letter from Dougherty to LP November 3, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Correspondence), #287.22]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Leonard Hamilton, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, RE: Still does not know whether it would be worthwhile to make a complete structure determination of 6-mercaptopurine. Gave the specimen to a post-doc who was unsuccessful in preparing suitable crystals for x-ray diffraction. Has asked another man to try. In a postscript, thanks Hamilton for the Cancer Chemotherapy issue of CA. [Letter from Hamilton to LP November 4, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Letter from LP to Dr. P.A. van der Meulen, School of Chemistry, Rutgers University, RE: Apologizes for the delay in answering Meulen's letter. Dr. Philip A. Vaughan's performance as a graduate student was outstanding. Since Vaughan has been at Rutgers, he has carried out several research projects with complete success. Vaughan should be classified among the leading group of able young scientists interested in x-ray crystallography. Supports Vaughan's promotion. [Letter from van der Meulen to LP October 5, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (V: Correspondence, 1933-1969), #427.15]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Paul Brock, Technical Service Bureau, ElectroData Corporation, RE: Pleased that Dr. Pasternak will be allowed to use the demonstration computer laboratory on specified dates. This arrangement will allow for the preparation of a complete report, rather than just a partial one. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (E: Organizational Correspondence. (Ea - Ex)), #111.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Per-Olov Lowdin, Quantum Chemistry Group, University of Uppsala, RE: Pleased to hear that Lowdin plans to stay in the United States for a few months, in connection with the Texas Conference. Wonders if it might be possible for Lowdin to give two lectures at Caltech and stay with them for one week. Would prefer if Lowdin visited between January 13 to February 13, or after February 26. LP has asked his secretary to send reprints of his papers on quantum chemistry to Lowdin. [Letters from Lowdin to LP October 5, 1955, November 19, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Individual Correspondence. (Longuet-Higgins - LuValle)), #218.4]
• Letter from LP to Professor Karl Bechert, RE: Pleased that LP will visit soon. Bechert will be away for a few days, would like to meet with LP upon his return. Invites LP to dinner with Bechert and his wife. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1955-1957), #38.1]
• Letter from LP to Robert E.L. Crane, Division of International Education, Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, RE: Apologizes for the delay in answering Crane's letter. Will be pleased to host Aamund Salveson on December 12. [Letters from Crane to LP October 5, 1955, November 15, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1953-1956), #379.3]
• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Typescript: "The Electronic Structure of Metals and Alloys," for publication in a book by the American Society for Metals. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.6]

• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]

• Hotel receipt: The Woodner, Washington DC [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Peter writes to discuss British colleagues about which LP had inquired. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  Nov 13^th 1955

  Dear Daddy,

  Thank you for your letter of the 10^th Nov. I shall write Paul Condon and get him to come to Cambridge. I think Americans below Ph.D. should not come to Europe.

  Lord Halsbury, the 3^rd Earl of Halsbury, Viscent Tiverton, Baron Haslsbury, was born in 1908. His grandfather was Sir [Hardinge] Stanley Giff and, P.C., Lord High Chancellor, etc. His great grandfather was an L.L.D. The Earldom was established in 1898.

  I do not know Mrs. Jordan, I think. I think perhaps I should work on flagella, though I am not sure where. The x-ray tubes here are so good it will be hard to work on these things with out them.

  Much love,

  Peter

• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]

• Hotel receipt: The Woodner, Washington DC [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Letter from Beatrice Wulf, Caltech News Bureau, Institute Calendar, to LP RE: Requests that Dr. John Leo Abernethy be added to their mailing list. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence), #12.21]
• Letter from Beatrice Wulf, Secretary to LP, to Dr. Masao Kotani, Physics Dept., University of Tokyo, RE: Sorry to say that they no longer have reprints of the two articles requested. Suggests that Kotani write directly to the publishers for the volumes in which these were published. Gives information regarding ordering. LP will be pleased to see Kotani in Pasadena next month. As LP will be away for a few days in December, requests that Kotani inform them of the exact date of his arrival. [Letter from Kotani September 10, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1936-1956), #200.20]
• Letter from Dael Wolfle, Administrative Secretary, Science, to LP RE: Thanks LP for the manuscript of his Nobel lecture. Pleased to have it for publication in Science. Had some confusion amongst the editors; meant to have requested it sooner. Will write to the Nobel Committee to obtain permission to publish the lecture. [Letter from LP to Wolfle October 22, 1955, Letter from Wolfle to LP December 5, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Organizational Correspondence. (Sa - Sc)), #374.6]
• Letter from Henry Allen Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to LP RE: LP has been referenced by four applicants this year so they send LP the applicants' papers. [Letter from LP to Moe November 21, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder #15.3]
• Letter from LP [Signed by Beatrice Wulf] to B. R. Stanerson, American Chemical Society, RE: Apologizes for the confusion and writes that Professor G. Bergman is no longer the faculty sponsor the ACS Student Affiliate and Professor Norman Davidson has taken over his job. Writes that LP did not appoint anyone to specifically try to interest seniors and graduate students in ACS membership, but Professor Davidson has said that he will do what he can to encourage membership in the ACS. [Letter from Stanerson to LP, October 25, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder #6.4]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Lawrence A. Williams, Thatcher Medical Center, Pasadena, California, RE: Calls Williams's attention to C.A. Donzalski and V.C. Morgan's article "Dermatomyositis: Diagnostic Features and Therapeutic Pitfalls," published in the September 1955 issue of the American Journal of Medicine. The authors describe two cases, in one of which there was no dermatitis. Thought that this might interest Williams. [Letter from Williams to LP November 30, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #444.3]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Peter writes to discuss his future research interests and to enlish LP's assistance in a practical joke. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  14 November 1955

  Dear Daddy,

  Thank you for your letter of the 9^th. I should like to stay in Europe next year but not here. There would be very little chance for me to stay with Kendrew; he is tired of me and I would like to branch out. I could go to the R.I. with Bragg. I am interested in bacterial flagella and in viruses. Don Kasper has obtained photographs of Bushy Stunt Virus showing a 5 fold axis & a 3 fold axis point group 532 consequently. Perhaps I should go to Stockholm, Weibull will be there & he can prepare flagella, (you met him in Upsalla, short & stocky in the room beneath Tiselius), Sjstrand takes the world's best thin section electron micrographs & Theorell. I think that I should be able to get a fellowship if I have a suitable experiment I wish to do.

  I shall modify your account. I owe you $15 from the summer's loan, which should be subtracted from your account. I was going to trade the $15 for the phone call by forgetting both & pay you for the books, but I shall pay the $15 instead.

  Please ring up M. Delbrück & ask him about an RNA structure by Rundle in Iowa. M. Delbrück has written Alex a letter about it. It is a beautiful practical joke and worked extremely well. Francis (Crick) & Alex were very worried & rang Washington D.C. (Jack Dunitz) to find out about it.

  Much love,

  Peter

  PS. I shall apply for a NSF & others.

• Letter from Professor Arthur C. Cope, Chemistry Dept., MIT, to LP RE: Dr. David P. Shoemaker will be considered this year for promotion to the rank of Associate Professor at MIT. Requests LP's opinion of Shoemaker's qualifications. Also requesting opinions from Dr. Verner Schomaker and Dr. R. B. Corey. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Individual Correspondence. (Shaw - Shriver)), #363.3]
• Letter from Professor Joseph B. Platt, Physics Dept., University of Rochester, to LP RE: Thanks LP for his gracious note on the crystal structure of the micas. Their most immediate interest was to find out that wavelength that LP used and so they are grateful for this information. They can probably make their own guess on an appropriate Debye temperature. Now they will make their own measurements on the mosaic crystal coefficients for the specimens of mica that they will be using. [Letter from LP to Platt November 10, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #313.3]
• Letter from Robert W. McKinney, Corresponding Secretary, Phi Lambda Upsilon, Chemistry Dept., University of Kansas, to LP RE: May 7 would be satisfactory for LP's lecture. Another date could also be arranged. Wonders if LP has a preference regarding the subject or if they can choose between several possible subjects. [Letters from LP to McKinney November 10, 1955, November 21, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.22]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Caltech Annual Report Shows Banner Year from All Angles," Pasadena (California) Star-News, November 14, 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.164]
• Press Release: "Pasadena, California," News Bureau, California Institute of Technology, November 14, 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.165]
• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]

• Check from AHP to Pacific Telephone and Telegraph for $11.20. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to Quinton-Schooley [Pest Control Service] for $43.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to Service League for California Institute of Technology for $2.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Correspondence: from Vincent du Vigneaud, [re: congratulations for Nobel Prize] November 15, 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.125]
• Letter from Dr. Andreas B. Rechnitzer, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, to LP RE: Disappointed to have missed the symposium on "Molecular Structure and Biological Specificity." The AIBS Bulletin, containing the announcement of the symposium, did not arrive until November. Wonders if the contents of the program will be published, and if so, wonders how he can obtain a copy. [Letter from LP to Rechnitzer November 17, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]
• Letter from Dr. Crane Brinton, Chairman, Society of Fellows, Harvard University, to Sir RE: The Senior Fellows of the Society of Fellows will hold elections for Junior Fellowships early in 1956. Encloses a small leaflet which sets forth the scope and purpose of these fellowships. Requests nominations for Junior Fellows. In the margin, LP writes: "Carl, any suggestions?" and Carl answers: "I know of no one that I would care to recommend." [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Kendall Emerson, Jr., Assistant Dean, Harvard Medical School, RE: Writes at the request of Howard L. Rosenfeld, who is seeking admission to medical school. Does not know Rosenfeld well, but has interviewed him. Rosenfeld is a fine-looking young man, with the ability to speak clearly and fluently. Rosenfeld wishes to pursue a clinical career, rather than a research one. He possesses sound knowledge of elementary organic and inorganic chemistry, but has not taken calculus. LP believes Rosenfeld is well-qualified with respect to general intelligence and personality for admission to medical school. [Letter from LP to Rosenfeld October 25, 1955, Letter from LP to Entrance Counselor November 15, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]
• Letter from LP to Entrance Counselor, University of Chicago, RE: Writes at the request of Howard L. Rosenfeld, who is seeking admission to medical school. Does not know Rosenfeld well, but has interviewed him. Rosenfeld is a fine-looking young man, with the ability to speak clearly and fluently. Rosenfeld wishes to pursue a clinical career, rather than a research one. He possesses sound knowledge of elementary organic and inorganic chemistry, but has not taken calculus. LP believes Rosenfeld is well-qualified with respect to general intelligence and personality for admission to medical school. [Letter from LP to Emerson, Jr. November 15, 1955, Letter from LP to Johnson November 15, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]
• Letter from LP to Hazel B. Johnson, Admissions Office, University of California Medical Center, RE: Writes at the request of Howard L. Rosenfeld, who is seeking admission to medical school. Does not know Rosenfeld well, but has interviewed him. Rosenfeld is a fine-looking young man, with the ability to speak clearly and fluently. Rosenfeld wishes to pursue a clinical career, rather than a research one. He possesses sound knowledge of elementary organic and inorganic chemistry, but has not taken calculus. LP believes Rosenfeld is well-qualified with respect to general intelligence and personality for admission to medical school. [Letter from LP to Entrance Counselor November 15, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]
• Letter from Professor John Chipman, Metallurgy Dept., MIT, to LP RE: Invites LP to speak at MIT's Metallurgy colloquium on December 20. The audience consists of MIT graduate students in Metallurgy with a sprinkling of visitors from other departments and from Harvard. Requests that LP let him know the title of the talk, any equipment needed, and where he can reach LP after his arrival in Boston. [Letter from LP to Chipman November 26, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1921-1957), #74.23]
• Letter from Professor K.T. Rogers, Zoology Dept., Oberlin College, to LP RE: Invites LP to visit Oberlin in October 1956 and deliver a series of lectures under Meade Swing auspices. Offers $400 for the four lectures, which would be delivered over three days. Offers to cover travel expenses and provide an additional $100 if LP publishes the material. Suggests the second or third week of October for the lectures. [Letter from LP to Rogers November 21, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.33]
• Letter from Professor William E. McEwen, Chemistry Dept., University of Kansas, to LP RE: The chemistry department is in the process of the reviewing the course requirements for the Ph.D. degree, particularly for the minor program. Describes their requirements. Requests that LP describe the requirements for the minor program for Ph.D. students in the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Caltech. [Letter from LP to McEwen November 21, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #256.6]
• Letter from Robert E.L. Crane, Division of International Education, Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, to LP RE: Has asked Aamund Salveson to write to LP directly concerning his visit to Caltech on December 12. [Letter from LP to Crane November 11, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1953-1956), #379.3]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Fight Communism by Open Debates Instead of Legal Bans, Probers Told," The Washington Post and Times Herald. [Filed under LP Personal Safe, Drawer #2, Folder #2.006]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Prof. Pauling Tells of Switch on Passport," New York Times, November 15, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.16]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Senators to Shift Federal Policy on Passports," Washington D.C. Evening Star, November 15, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.17]
• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]

• Check from AHP to Athenaeum for $4.80. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Letter from Dr. Gerald Laxer, Director of Science and Technology, Wool Bureau, Inc., to LP RE: Dr. E.G. Carter, Scientific Adviser of the International Wool Secretariat in London, met with LP in August. Laxer apologizes for not accompanying Carter. Carter mentioned that he and LP discussed the possibility of a wool research fellowship involving x-ray diffraction and allied work on keratin fiber. Would appreciate LP's comments on this, including an estimate of the cost of the fellowship for a one year period. Was able to speak with Dr. Robert B. Corey at the International Wool Textile Research Conference in Australia. [Letter from LP to Laxer June 3, 1955, Memo from Corey to LP November 23, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Correspondence, 1955-1960), #231.1]
• Letter from LP to Professor J.A. Campbell, Oberlin College, RE: Recently reminded of the English student who said that a boat could sail directly into the wind by a discussion with Dr. Max Mason. Mason mentioned that he had had a student who contended that a boat could not sail directly into the wind. LP and Mason discussed it and ultimately devised a way for a boat to sail in this manner by envisioning a suitable mechanism to be attached to the boat. Handwritten note in the margin says that this letter was not mailed. [Letter from Campbell to LP September 7, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Individual Correspondence. (Caen - Cassyd)), #57.7]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to Ava Helen Pauling RE: Peter writes to update his mother on Linda's visit and to discuss gift ideas. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  16 November 1955

  Dear Mamma,

  I am sorry that Jeff has broken his leg and hope he recovers.

  If you want this amplifier or at least the control preamplifier you must tell me. They cost $60 each. You can get an amplifier for $90 or so there, that is louder.

  If you should want to give me a Christmas present you might get me another pair of those army shoes, size 10 E, or F if you can get them but you cannot so E. You get them in the army surplus store on Fair Oaks, block north of Colorado, on the West side of the street. Do not go in the remainders or lost luggage store which is a but further north. The shoes are in the back on the right. $7.00. Thank you.

  Linda seems to be doing better. I think there is no harm in her being around for a while longer. I am glad to have her. I am living in a very small room in Newnham villge. It is not luxurious but I only sleep there. I lived for a while in a very nice house in Linton, about 12 miles from Cambridge.

  I have written Paul Condon. Phil Ulrey is stationed in East Anglia and should come along sometime. I have been to see the Dirac's. Hungarians are crazy.

  love,

  Peter

• Newspaper Clipping: "Caltech Prof. Pauling Hits Visa Ban at Quiz," Los Angeles Examiner, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.23]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Dr. Compton Denounces Federal Loyalty Checks on Scientists," St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.26]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Dr. Pauling Attacks Passport Ban at Inquiry," Los Angeles Examiner, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.24]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Mind Change on Pauling's Passport Told," Publication Unknown, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.27]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Passport Denials Arouse Senators," New York Times, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.22]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Passport Division Scored by Pauling," Los Angeles Times, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Scrapbooks: 1955n.18]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling Flays State Dept.," Publication Unknown, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.19]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling Says 'Something Rotten' in State Dept. Passport Policies," Pasadena (California) Star-News, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.165]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling Says 'Something Rotten' in State Dept. Passport Policies," Pasadena (California) Star-News, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.25]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Probers Recall McLeod On Passport Decision," (Washington D. C.) Evening Star, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.20]
• Newspaper Clipping: "U.S. Policy on Passports Challenged," Washington Post, November 16, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.21]
• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Typescript: "Statement by Linus Pauling," RE: References the Pasadena Star-News article about LP's passport problems and briefly describes LP's relations with the State Department. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.7]

• Letter from Archie Doran to LP RE: Requests a copy of the key to the exercises in LP's College Chemistry, 1951 edition. Will remit the cost upon receiving the key. Doran is studying chemistry on his own. Invites LP and AHP to visit Doran and his wife at Chapman Camp in British Columbia. Describes their summer cabin and the famous mine nearby. [Letter from Doran to LP December 10, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (D: Correspondence, 1936-1959)), #98.20]
• Letter from Dean J.R. Little, University of Colorado, to LP RE: Invites LP to lecture during the University of Colorado's Lecture Series in the Natural Sciences in the summer of 1956. Propose to invite six or seven leading scientists for one or two weeks each during the summer. Gives details about stipend and dates. [Letter from LP to Little December 5, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Correspondence, 1955-1960), #231.1]
• Letter from Dr. John R. Pierce, Bell Telephone Laboratories, to LP RE: Has been writing a book, Electrons, Waves, and Messages, which will be published about February 1956. DuBridge and Ed Purcell both have bound galleys of the book so that they can make comments for the publisher; Pierce did not ask for LP's comments because LP's field is different and he did not want to bother LP. LP's increasing interest in the application of chemistry to the problems of biology and medicine parallels Pierce's increasing interest in evaluating user preference of various devices and of relations between information theory and the rate of acquisition and rate of processing of information by humans. LP's letter was particularly welcome because Pierce is recovering from an operation and sometimes gets bored. [Letters from LP to Pierce November 7, 1955, December 5, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #313.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Andreas B. Rechnitzer, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. [Letter from Rechnitzer to LP November 15, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]

  17 November 1955

  Dr. Andreas B. Rechnitzer

  Scripps Institution of Oceanography

  La Jolla, California

  Dear Dr. Rechnitzer:

  I am sorry that you were not able to be present at the symposium on molecular structure and biological specificity. There was not very much announcement made of the symposium. The Office of Naval Research got in touch with people that they thought might be interested, and finally had to limit attendance to 200, because of the size of the available room.

  It is planned to publish an account of the symposium. I am sure that the Office of Naval Research or the Institute of Biological Sciences will advertise this book as soon as it is available, which probably will be in about one year.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Dr. B.L. Kabacoff RE: Does not think that he should write an article on "Science in Asia," as Kabacoff requested. Already has too many obligations and has relatively little experience in Asia. [Letter from Kabacoff to LP, November (general)] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1936-1956), #200.20]
• Letter from LP to Dr. John Leo Abernethy, Physical Sciences Dept., California State Polytechnic College RE: As requested, Abernethy has been added to the Caltech mailing list. Beatrice Wulf will keep Abernethy informed of Caltech news material that would be of interest to chemistry teachers. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Correspondence), #12.21]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Capital Bright Side," Stockton (California) Record, November 17, 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.166]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Passport Aide Gives Story of Pauling Case," Los Angeles Times, November 17, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.29]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Passport Policy Held Inconsistent," Pasadena (California) Star-News, November 17, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.30]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling Visa Probers Hear Compton Blast," Los Angeles Times, November 17, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.28]
• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]
• Protocol: "Liver Function Via Phagocytosis." [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Organizational Correspondence. (Ch - Ci)), #70.9]

• Check from AHP to Pearl M. Jordan for $100.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Letter from Dr. Allan D. Bass, Secretary, Medical Sciences Section, American Association for the Advancement of Science, to LP RE: Dr. Harvey Itano was not selected for the Theobald Smith Award for 1955. Thanks LP for the nomination. [Letter from LP to Bass September 7, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (I: Individual Correspondence. (Ibers - Itano)), #181.5]
• Letter from Dr. Asima Chatterjee, University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India, to Beatrice Wulf, Secretary to LP, RE: Thanks Wulf for the copies of the Caltech chemistry seminar lectures. Requests copies of all seminar lectures held in the chemistry department in the future. Sent LP several samples for infrared spectra analysis but has not heard anything back. Asks Wulf to look into this matter. [Letter from Chatterjee to LP October 17, 1955, Letter from Wulf to Chatterjee December 12, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Individual Correspondence. (Chamberlain - Cherkin), #64.6]
• Letter from Dr. Dean A. Clark, Massachusetts General Hospital to LP RE: LP will be receiving the agenda for the meeting of the Scientific Advisory Committee on December 16-17. Clark invites LP to stay with him and his wife but warns him that they have four small children. [Letter from Executive Secretary to Clark December 7, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: Massachusetts General Hospital—Scientific Advisory Committee, 1949-1957: Box #15.008, Folder #8.7]
• Letter from Dr. J. Norton Wilson, Shell Development Co., to LP RE: Dr. Eduard L. Mackor, a physical chemist spending the year at Shell's Amsterdam Laboratories, would like to visit Caltech on December 8. Would like to meet with LP and Professor Roberts. Mackor's recent research concerns measurements of the stability of carbonium ions formed from condensed aromatics and the correlation of the measured stability with molecular structure by means of approximate quantum mechanical calculations. If December 8 is not convenient, LP should let Wilson know. If Wilson does not hear from LP, he will assume that December 8 is acceptable. Encloses a copy of a similar letter to Roberts. [Letter from Wilson to Roberts November 18, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #444.3]
• Letter from Dr. J. Norton Wilson, Shell Development Co., to Professor John D. Roberts, Gates and Crellin Laboratories of Chemistry, Caltech, RE: Dr. Eduard L. Mackor, a physical chemist spending the year at Shell's Amsterdam Laboratories, would like to visit Caltech on December 8 and meet with Roberts. Mackor's recent research concerns measurements of the stability of carbonium ions formed from condensed aromatics and the correlation of the measured stability with molecular structure by means of approximate quantum mechanical calculations. If December 8 is not convenient, Roberts should let Wilson know. If Wilson does not hear from Roberts, he will assume that December 8 is acceptable. [Letter from Wilson to LP November 18, 1955, Letter from LP to Wilson November 23, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #444.3]
• Letter from LP to Herman J. Getzoff, American Committee for the Weizmann Institute of Science RE: Thanks Getzoff for the tickets but will not be able to attend due to a trip to New York that they must make. [Letter from Getzoff to LP November 11, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder #15.3]
• Letter from LP to Karl Bechert, RE: Sent a letter of introduction for Bechert to Warren Weaver. When Bechert arrives in New York, he should telephone the office of The Rockefeller Foundation and ask for an appointment with Weaver. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1955-1957), #38.1]
• Letter from LP to Linus Pauling, Jr. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.037, Folder #37.8]

  18 November 1955

  Dr. and Mrs. Linus Pauling, Jr.

  487 Portlock Road

  Honolulu, T.H.

  Dear Linie and Anita,

  We are glad to know that Ramona is getting along well. Have you had any pictures made of her yet? We are looking forward to seeing her, and also to seeing you and the boys again one of these days.

  I thank you very much for transferring stock to C.I.T. equivalent to about $50,000 for support of research under my direction. This gift comes at a time when we are needing money badly, because of some problems arising from the construction of the new Norman Church Laboratory. Professor Beadle and I felt strongly that the laboratory should not be built with the sub-basement left out, as had been proposed by the Administration of the Institute-we lack space on the campus, and it seemed to us wrong to build a building with one whole floor missing, because it could not be added at any later time. Accordingly we agreed that the available money, $1,550,000 (of which $500,000 had been provided by the Board of Trustees, and the rest by the donor), was used in building the complete building, and outfitting a part of it. Beadle and I had agreed that we would not pester the Administration about funds for putting in chemical benches, hoods, and so on. By scrounging around, we have succeeded in furnishing about half of the space in chemistry, in a temporarily satisfactory way. We need about $100,000 more.

  I am writing now to say that I propose to use a few thousand dollars of your gift to put sinks, chemical benches, hoods, etc. in one large room in the building, in which I propose to have chromatographic work carried out in connection with our program of research on mental deficiency. If the grant from the Ford Foundation is made, and the money becomes available soon enough, I think that this particular job can be transferred to the new grant. Also, I am hoping to make appointment of a post-doctoral research fellow on your fund.

  I thank you for sending me the interesting report on phenylketonuria by Dr. Holder. I shall return it to you soon.

  I am getting ready this afternoon to give a television broadcast about our work on molecular structure this evening.

  I spent two days in Washington early this week, and testified before the Hennings Sub-committee on Constitutional Rights about my passport difficulties. Everything went along very well. Senator Henward, in his office, he said that I had done a great public service by testifying. Today an Associated Press man has read me a news story from Washington, which begins with the statement that I have an unrestricted passport valid for two years. I do not yet know if this is a statement that they got from the State Department, but I am planning to send my passport right back, in order that it can be validated in this way. I think that everything is going to be alright about my passport from now on.

  Last night I gave a talk to the Channing Club at Pomona College. I think that it is a club of philosophy students. There were about 100 people there, and they asked questions for about an hour after my talk of an hour was over. One girl said that I had talked only about science, and hadn't said anything about love. I told her that I would discuss the matter privately with her after the lecture. One student said that I was just a materialist. I answered by saying that I was a scientific rationalist.

  Mama seems to be a little under the weather-I think that she may have caught a cold.

  Did you know that Jeff has been injured? While we were back east over a month ago Mrs. Jordan, who was staying in our house (she is working for Mama now) saw that Jeff could not use his right front leg, and took him to the veterinary. The vet said that he had a badly broken leg, and operated on him, putting a steel pin in the leg. It is still there. Jeff uses his leg only a very little bit, and we do not know whether he will be badly crippled permanently, or only slightly crippled.

  Love from

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from Professor J.G. Kirkwood, Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, to LP RE: Encloses a letter from Dr. Carey regarding the Lederle grant to Caltech, which was mistakenly sent to Kirkwood. Enjoyed seeing LP on his visit to Pasadena. Hopes that LP will visit sometime soon. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Individual Correspondence. (Kennedy - Klein, Morton)), #198.11]
• Memorandum from A.H. Walter to R.B. Gilmore, cc: LP RE: Final notification of Amendment No. 8 to Contract Nonr-220(05) which extends it for three years at a cost of $75,000. [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Memoranda, Notes and Assorted Materials re: "The Structure and Properties of Proteins and Synthetic Polypeptides," Contract Nonr 220(05) (Chemistry 32), 1951-1963), Box #14.032, Folder #32.2]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Capital Bright Side," Stockton (California) Record, November 18, 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.166]
• Proposed Itinerary: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder 2.1]

• Letter from Dr. Edgar Eichhorn to LP RE: The x-ray analysis of Dr. J. B. Neilands' ferrichrome A sample has been largely unsuccessful. Gives the results that he has obtained. Eichhorn does not advise further testing of the crystal. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Individual Correspondence. (Nader - Newbold)), #276.6]
• Letter from Dr. Per-Olov Lowdin, Quantum Chemistry Group, University of Uppsala, Sweden, to LP RE: Grateful for LP's invitation to lecture at Caltech. Suggests that he visit February 5 - February 12. [Letters from LP to Lowdin November 11, 1955, November 23, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Individual Correspondence. (Longuet-Higgins - LuValle)), #218.4]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Road Blocks to Science," St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch, November 19, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.31]

• Check from AHP to Poppy Cleaners for $4.03. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from LP to National Academy of Sciences for $7.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.3]
• Letter from Arthur W. Galston, Yale University to LP RE: Writes LP after the many articles about LP's testimony before the Hennings Committee and to let him new that they are settled in their new quarters at the Josiah Willard Gibbs Research Center and he has one whole floor of the Biology wing. Apologizes for not saying farewell to LP before leaving Pasadena. [Letter from LP to Galston November 30, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder #15.3]
• Letter from LP to Henry Allen Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation RE: LP returns the papers for the four applicants; Drs. Arrhenius, Trueblood, Mislow, and Long. LP strongly recommends that all four receive a Fellowship. Encloses his recommendation for each applicant. [Letter from Moe to LP November 14, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder #15.3]
• Letter from LP to Professor John Happel, Chairman, Dept. Of Chemical Engineering, New York University, RE: Caltech's Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering has used oral exams in recent years for admission to candidacy for the Ph.D. program. Thus, he cannot send copies of the exams. [Letter from Happel to LP November 10, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Letter from LP to Professor K.T. Rogers, Zoology Dept., Oberlin College, RE: Thanks Rogers for the invitation to visit Oberlin in October 1956 and deliver a series of lectures under the Meade Swing auspices. Tentatively accepts invitation. Suggests the third week in October. Would prefer not to prepare the lectures for publication. [Letters from Rogers to LP November 15, 1955, December 3, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.33]
• Letter from LP to Professor William E. McEwen, Chemistry Dept., University of Kansas, RE: As requested, summarizes the requirements about the minor for the Ph.D. degree in chemistry at Caltech. [Letter from McEwen to LP November 15, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #256.6]
• Letter from LP to Robert W. McKinney, Corresponding Secretary, Phi Lambda Upsilon, University of Kansas, RE: Looking forward to giving the E.C. Franklin Memorial Lecture on May 7. If it turns out that this date is unsatisfactory, LP will let them know. Suggests "Abnormal Hemoglobin Molecules in Relation to Disease," "The Structure of Proteins," or "Metallic Valence and the Structure of Intermetallic Compounds" as possible titles for his lecture. [Letters from McKinney to LP November 14, 1955, December 8, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.22]
• Newsletter Article: "U.S. Passport Policy Under Review," Federation of American Scientists Newsletter, November 21, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.32]
• Newspaper Clipping: "A Propaganda Project!" Publication Unknown, November 21, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.33]

• Check from AHP to Pasadena Tuberculosis Association for $3.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Letter from A.C. Ingersole to Asis Kumar Chatterjee, Honorary Librarian, Bantra Public Library, India, RE: As requested, lists the steps that Chatterjee should take to apply for graduate study in chemistry at Caltech. Should not count on receiving financial assistance during his first year. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Individual Correspondence. (Chamberlain - Cherkin), #64.6]
• Letter from Dr. Chauncey D. Leake, Dean, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, to LP RE: Congratulations for standing up for individual freedom and responsibility on behalf of American scientists. Leake and his wife are enjoying the big university campus. Charles Doan is developing a Health Center at the university, which will provide the opportunity for real coordination with the health professions. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Individual Correspondence. (Lauritson - LeCompte)), #214.4]
• Letter from LP to National Academy of Sciences RE: Encloses a $7.50 check to cover a one-year subscription to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences to be sent to his son Peter. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1955-1969), Box #14.021, Folder #21.1]
• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  22 November 1955

  Dear Peter:

  I haven't been able to find the letter that you sent me a few days ago, with a list of expenditures which you have made for me during the past year, but I expect to run it down shortly, and then I shall send you a check.

  I enclose copies of my letters to the National Academy of Sciences and Matt. Ye

  Your letters of 14 and 15 November have also reached me. I like the idea of your doing work on bacterial flagella and on viruses. The news about bushy stunt virus as having icosahedral symmetry is surely interesting. I suppose that the molecule consists of subunits, perhaps arranged in a way similar to that of the atoms in Mg88(Al2Zb)49, which we describe in our letter to Nature about three years ago, and which I also described in my talk in Stockholm in 1953 and in the American Scientist for April 1955. You probably remember that we had one atom at the center, twelve outside of it at the corners of an icosahedron, twenty outside of the icosahedron, at the corners of a pentagonal dodecahedron, then twelve out from the twenty pentagonal faces, giving a rhombic triacontahedron, end so on. If the fundamental units of bushy stunt virus are approximately spherical, then one of these complexes would be expected. Perhaps, however, the fundamental units are not spherical, but are elongated, possibly even pointed, and the big molecule consists of units of only one kind crystallographically. My memory is that bushy stunt virus has molecular weight about 8 million, and one usually expects protein molecules (single polypeptide chains) to have molecular weight perhaps 20,000. Of course, I suppose that the inside of the molecule is nucleic acid, and the protein exists only on the surface. The point group 532 has, I think, 60 equivalent positions, so perhaps the protein part of the molecule consists of 60 small protein molecules that fit together to constitute the outside layer of the nearly spherical virus.

  I remember Weibull. I think that it would be fine for you to work with him, and perhaps also with Sjostrand. It is a little hard to see how to get Theorell into this, but you might be able to make the preparations in Stockholm and x-ray photographs back in Cambridge under a new fellowship.

  Do you know how good the x-ray photographs are that Astbury got of bacterial flagella? I don't think that I ever saw the original photographs, but I have seen a diagram that he prepared of them, and I think that it has been published, a year or two ago. There is quite a bit of detail on the x-ray diagram. I feel sure that additional x-ray work, perhaps concentrating on the directions in which the 1.5 A reflection and the 5.1 A reflection are observed to occur, relative to the fiber axis, and correlation with the 3-strand structure as shown by electron microscopy, might permit one to reach definite conclusions about the way in which the alpha helixes are twisted about one another. Of course, there is a reasonable chance that the flagella are to be described in terms of globular proteins, which clamp onto one another to produce the strands.

  I saw Delbruck on the street a couple of days ago, and he told me about the letter to Alex and Francis.

  I have been so busy with various things that I haven't been able to settle down to work on collagen. I think that I told you that we would probably describe our structure for collagen, or at any rate, our thoroughgoing studies of structures with a repeating unit of three residues forming two hydrogen bonds. There is, of course, the difficulty that some peptides have been got from collagen hydrolysates in which proline and hydroxyproline are adjacent.

  Thanks for telling me about Lord Halsbury. I had surmised that his grandfather was the man who had been knighted and then made an earl, and who was Lord High Chancellor under Queen Victoria. I wondered, however, how it came about that the present Lord Halsbury did not go to Oxford or Cambridge, and instead was trained as a certified public accountant, and then later studied chemistry at the University of London. I thought that perhaps he was not very close in the line succession, and it was not expected that he would become the earl.

  Mrs. Jordan lives a block above us on the hill, to the west of Sierra Madre Villa. She is somewhat crippled by arthritis, I don't remember whether you have ever met her.

  I made a trip to Washington a week ago, to testify before the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights. Everything went along very well. You may have seen something about it in the newspapers, this is called the Hennings Sub-committee.

  Mama and I are going to have Thanksgiving dinner with Pauline, and probably also, in the evening, with Eddie Hughes. Also, Professor Huisgen is to come in about today. You probably remember our visit at his apartment in Munich. He is giving the chemistry seminar this week.

  Love from

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Professor N. F. Mott, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. [Letter from LP to Todd November 22, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Individual Correspondence. (Thant - Toole)), #407.6]

  22 November 1955

  Professor N. F. Mott

  Cavendish Laboratory

  Free School Lane

  Cambridge, England

  Dear Mott:

  My son Peter, who is working with Kendrew, has suggested to me that you might be interested in my opinion of the work being done by the Medical Research Council Unit on the structure of biological materials, consisting of Perutz, Kendrew, Crick, Watson, and other workers in the Cavendish Laboratory. I am happy to have an excuse for writing to you about this work.

  You know that my colleague Professor Robert B. Corey and I are very much interested in the problem of the structure of proteins, a problem that is being attacked by Perutz and Kendrew and their collaborators (they are also working on other problems, such as that of nucleic acid, but I shall discuss primarily the protein problem). Perutz and Kendrew have for a number of years been making a vigorous attack on the structure of crystals of globular proteins, especially hemoglobin and myoglobin. There is no doubt whatever in my mind about the value of this work. I think that the problem of determining the detailed molecular structure of globular proteins is one of the most important of the scientific problems, in any field, now under attack. There are not many people engaged in the attack on this problem, probably because it is such a difficult one, and requires such an extraordinary combination of abilities, that the prospect for significant results in a short time is small.

  Aside from your Medical Research Council Unit, this problem is being attacked to some extent by Harker and his associates in Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, by Mrs. Hodgkin (who is, however, primarily interested now in vitamin B12), by Barbar Low, by Bernal and people in his laboratory, and by some of the workers here in Pasadena. Professor Corey and I feel strongly that no other group in the world has made contributions to the problem of the structure of globular proteins that are comparable to those made by Bragg, Kendrew, and Perutz and their associates. Their work is large in quantity and high in quality. I hope very much that it will be possible for the members of this Medical Research Council Unit to continue to carry on their work without interruption, and under favorable circumstances.

  I do not know what the problems are in connection with their

  [page 2]

  continuing this work, but I am writing to tell you that Professor Corey and I feel strongly that it is important that they do so and we have no hesitancy in telling you about the high opinion that we have for the work of the Unit.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

  P.S. I am sending a copy of this letter to Todd. LP

• Letter from LP to Sir Alexander Todd, University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge, RE: Encloses a copy of the letter send to Mott. Believes that Todd might be interested in LP and Corey's opinion of Kendrew, Perutz, and their associates. [Letter from LP to Mott November 22, 1955, Letter from Todd to LP December 2, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Individual Correspondence. (Thant - Toole)), #407.6]
• Memorandum from A.H. Walter to R.B. Gilmore, cc: LP RE: Encloses the original letter [Letter from Waterman to DuBridge September 27, 1955] the NSF awarding grant NSF-G1956 for $16,000 to study "High Molecular Weight Biological Compounds." [Filed under LP Science: (National Science Foundation: Grants, Exhibits, 1954-1964), Box #14.030, Folder #30.2]

• Check from AHP to The Museum Association for $10.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Letter from Alfred C. Ingersoll to Senator Thomas C. Hennings, Jr., Chairman, Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Committee on the Judiciary, RE: Attended a lecture given by LP as part of the Indian Science Congress in Baroda in January 1955. Earlier in the Congress, Prime Minister Nehru had expressed the hope that scientists would channel their efforts toward the promotion of world peace rather than the advancement of military technology. After LP gave his lecture on sickle-cell anemia, he remarked to the audience that countless U.S. scientists are working on problems which promote the peaceful development and welfare of all peoples. This statement was applauded wildly. An Indian friend remarked to Ingersoll that LP had, "done more tonight to dispel the notion that Americans are international war-mongers than have all the official releases through [the U.S.] State Department and U.S.I.S. publications." [Letter from LP to Ingersoll December 6, 1955, Letter from Hennings to LP December 20, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Letter from Howard R. Bierman, M.D., Director, City Hope Medical Center, to LP RE: Encloses four abstracts which have been submitted for presentation at the January meeting, as well as a protocol for the proposed research project. These items will be on the Research Advisory Committee meeting agenda for November 30. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Organizational Correspondence. (Ch - Ci)), #70.9]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Frank Aydelotte, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, RE:
• Letter from LP to Dr. J. B. Neilands, Biochemistry Dept., University of California, RE: Regrets that x-ray work on the ferrichrome A crystal was largely unsuccessful. Gives results obtained by Dr. Eichhorn's analysis. Eichhorn recommends that no further x-ray work be done on the crystal at this time. Under separate cover, returns the unused portion of the crystal. [Letter from Neilands to LP November 2, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (N: Individual Correspondence. (Nader - Newbold)), #276.6]
• Letter from LP to Dr. J. Norton Wilson, Shell Development Co., RE: Expects to be at Caltech on December 8. Looks forward to seeing Dr. Mackor. Hopes that Wilson has gotten over the flu without any difficulty. [Letter from Wilson to Roberts November 18, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #444.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. L.J. Rather, Stanford University School of Medicine, RE: Interested to read Rather's material about a course on the theoretical basis of medicine, or perhaps the philosophical basis of the study of disease. The course seems to be about words, not facts — that is, not about the world itself. Max Mason said to LP the other day that philosophy seems to be a discussion of words. Has a feeling that this course would a discussion of what people have said in the past, rather than what they have done, and the results of their actions. [Letters from Rather to LP, November (general), November 29, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Per-Olov Lowdin, c/o Professor M. Kasha, Chemistry Dept., Florida State University, RE: Pleased that Lowdin will be visiting February 5 - February 12. Suggests that Lowdin plan to give three lectures while at Caltech, dealing with the quantum theory of molecules and crystals. The audience will be mainly graduate students working in the field of molecular structure, as well as post-doctoral people. Requests that Lowdin send the titles of his planned lectures. [Letters from Lowdin to LP November 19, 1955, December 28, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Individual Correspondence. (Longuet-Higgins - LuValle)), #218.4]
• Letter from LP to Miss Mary D. Alexander RE: Encloses a paper "Hydrogen Bonded Helical Configurations of Polynucleotides" by Jerry Donahue of USC for publication in the Proceedings. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1955-1969), Box #14.021, Folder #21.1]
• Letter from LP to Professor A.N. Winchell, RE: Thanks Winchell for sending him a copy of his acceptance address of the Roebling Medal of Mineralogical Society of America. Has read it with interest. Appreciated Winchell's mention of his time spent at the Caltech x-ray laboratory twenty years ago. LP is often reminded of Winchell's stay by seeing a reprint of Winchell's paper on swedenborgite or by seeing a reference to Winchell's work on optical properties of minerals. Has only one student currently working on minerals: making a redetermination of the structure of zunyite. Does not doubt that the structure is right, but needs to make the atomic positions more precise. Congratulates Winchell on receiving the Roebling Medal. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #444.3]
• Letter from LP to Professor George Wald, Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, RE: Has talked with Dr. Edgar Eichhorn about doing x-ray work on the five carotenoids, related to retinene, about which Wald spoke to LP. Eichhorn is anxious to attack this problem. Requests that Wald send the crystals of these substances. Specifies size of crystals and other details. [Letter from Wald to LP November 30, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Individual Correspondence. (Wald - Washburn)), #431.1]
• Memo from Dr. Robert B. Corey, Gates and Crellin Laboratories, Caltech, to LP RE: Does not want to get involved with wool research. Can give his reasons for this opinion in detail if Corey is interested. If they do accept a grant from the Wool Bureau, LP suggests that it provide for a biochemist who would prepare fractions of wool or other alpha-keratin proteins, make fibers which showed strong biregfringence, and turn them over to the x-ray protein workers. The budget should provide for the research fellow's stipend as well as his laboratory equipment. [Letter from Laxer to LP November 16, 1955, Letter from LP to Laxer December 2, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Correspondence, 1955-1960), #231.1]
• Received Aydelotte's letter. Recently returned from hearing and giving testimony in Washington. AHP and LP would have liked to visit Aydelotte this year, but their busy schedule has not permitted it. Hope to see Aydelotte when they travel next spring. Thanks Aydelotte for his congratulations on appearing before the Hennings Senate Sub-Committee. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (A: Individual Correspondence. (Alexander - Aydelotte)), #6.21]

• Letter from Robert and Majorie Vold to Friends and Family RE: Describes life in Bangalore in great detail. [Letter from Robert and Majorie Vold to Friends October 29, 1955, Letter from Volds to Friends and Family December 24, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (V: Correspondence, 1933-1969), #427.15]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling vs. Sinclair," Honolulu (Hawaii) Record, November 24, 1955. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955), Box #6.006, Folder #6.166 and LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.34]

• Letter from Dr. Edward L. Haenisch, Committee on Institutes and Conferences, A.C.S., Wabash College to LP RE: The National Science Foundation has granted $20,000 to the Committee on Institutes and Conferences of the Division of Chemical Education of the American Chemical Society. It will be used to conduct a program of Visiting Scientists in chemistry. Invites LP to participate; gives details regarding the expectations and compensation. [Letter from LP to Haenisch December 5, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (H: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #166.6]
• Letter from Dr. Harlow Shapley, Harvard College Observatory, to LP RE: Only remembers that in addition to LP, there were other leading American scientists in the sponsorship of the Science Committee. LP could obtain full information regarding the organization from Dr. Duncan MacInnes of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Shapley will send a copy of this letter, along with a copy of LP's letter, to MacInnes. Security firings and hearings still continue. Spent half a day defending a leading "atomic scientist" before the industrial board. The scientist seeks clearance to continue to his work. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Shapley, Harlow, 1946-1958), #362.1]
• Letter from Professor H.E. Carter, William Albert Noyes Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Illinois, to LP RE: Pleased that LP will be spending a few weeks at Illinois in the spring. [Letter from LP to Carter January 3, 1956] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.11]
• Letter from Richard Wistar, Jr., President, Channing Club, Pomona College, to LP RE: Appreciated LP's talk before the Channing Club last week. Believes that he cracked one or two of LP's slides. Offers to replace them. [Letters from LP to Wistar August 2, 1955, December 5, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1955s.26]
• Research Notebook of LP RE: Approximate quantum mechanics. Ideas for an experiment Forrest carter is trying to develop pp. 15-16. [Filed under LP Research Notebooks: 20R]
• Research Notebook of LP RE: Thoughts regarding his notes from August 3, 1955, about heats of formation. pp. 13. [Filed under LP Research Notebooks: 20R]

• Check from AHP to Crellin Pauling for $80.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Check from AHP to Miles Kimball for $23.69. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1] [Also filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Check Registers, 1951-1960), Box #4.075, Folder #75.5]
• Letter from LP to Mary D. Alexander, University of Chicago Press, RE: Encloses manuscript entitled "The Combining Power of Myoglobin for Alkyl Isocyanides, and the Structure of the Myoglobin Molecule," by Allen Lein and LP, for publication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Proofs should be sent to LP. [Letter from LP to Alexander November 28, 1955] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.8]
• Letter from LP to Paul Kelley, Highland Local Schools, RE: Interested to learn that Kelley is working on a project demonstrating the development and use of solar power. However, after checking with his colleagues, LP finds that there is no one at Caltech working in this field or who has any special knowledge on it. Does not have any material to send Kelley. [Letter from Clark November 10, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1936-1956), #200.20]
• Letter from LP to Professor John Chipman, Metallurgy Dept., MIT, RE: Regrets that he is unable to accept the invitation to speak at the MIT Metallurgy colloquium on December 20. Hopes to travel to Boston for the MGH meeting, but would have to make his trip so short as not to allow for the colloquium as well. May have to forego the MGH meeting as well. [Letter from Chipman to LP November 15, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1921-1957), #74.23]
• Letter from LP to Professor W.J. Moore, Chemistry Dept., Indiana University, RE: In response to Moore's question, Caltech does accept female graduate students in chemistry. Would be glad to consider an application from Moore's student. However, the policy is to admit only exceptionally good women as graduate students and it will be important to have strong recommendations from Moore and his colleagues. [Letter from Moore to LP, November (general)] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Individual Correspondence. (Mills - Morgan)), #248.14]
• Letter from LP to William D. Patton, Assistant Counsel, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, RE: Thanks Patton for sending McLeod's testimony concerning LP's passport case, some press clippings, and Dr. Arthur Compton's testimony. Sent to Hocker the correspondence between LP and the State Department, requesting that it be included in LP's testimony. Would also like to add the enclosed statement to his testimony. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.9]
• Typescript: "Addition to Testimony by Linus Carl Pauling," Submitted to Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, RE: Passport difficulties. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.9]
• Typescript: "The Combining Power of Myglobin for Alkyl Isocyanides, and the Structure of the Myoglobin Molecule," by Allen Lein and LP, for publication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.8]

• Check from AHP to Arizona Highways for $27.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Inter-Office Memo from E.B. Lewis to LP, RE: Lewis is attaching a memo that was prepared for circulation at Cal Tech only. The purpose of the memo is to call attention to t he shortcomings of the published information on the physical measurements of fallout. [Filed under LP Peace: (Materials re: Nuclear Fallout; Radiation Hazards, 1950, 1953-1956), Box #7.001, Folder #1.14]
• Journal Article: "Roadblocks to a World Traveler," Chemical and Engineering News, November 28, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.36]
• Letter from Dr. Thomas R. Rogers, South Texas Section, American Chemical Society, to Chairman, Department of Chemistry, Caltech, RE: The South Texas Section of the ACS plans to make recommendations to local secondary schools regarding curriculum planning for prospective science students. To aid this effort, the Section is surveying universities. Requests information regarding the admission requirements at Caltech for students majoring in chemistry, as well as recommended courses for students preparing for a major in chemistry. [Letter from LP to Rogers December 7, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]
• Letter from Dr. Zigmond M. Lebensohn, American Psychiatric Association, to LP RE: The date of the Symposium has been moved to May 2. LP should feel free to change the tentative title of his talk. Encloses tentative program. Offers to defray LP's expenses to the extent of $300. A reservation will be made for LP at the Hotel Morrison. Requests that a brief abstract of LP's talk be sent to Dr. Titus Harris by January 1956. The American Journal of Psychiatry reserves rights to publish any or all papers delivered at the annual meeting. Invites LP to the annual dinner on Wednesday evening. [Letter from Lebensohn to LP July 25, 1955, Letter from LP to Lebensohn December 6, 1955] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1956s.21]
• Letter from LP to Mary D. Alexander, University of Chicago Press, RE: Has noticed that a few corrections to "The Combining Power of Myoglobin for Alkyl Isocyanides, and the Structure of the Myoglobin Molecule," were not made on the manuscript sent to Alexander. Requests that the changes indicated on the enclosed carbon copies of pages 2 and 5 be made. [Letter from LP to Alexander November 26, 1955] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.8]
• Letter from Mary D. Alexander to LP RE: Acknowledges receipt of the manuscript "The Combining Power of Myoglobin for alkyl Isocyanides, and the Structure of the Myoglobin Molecule" which LP wrote with Allen Lein. It will be published in the January 1956 issue of the Proceedings. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1955-1969), Box #14.021, Folder #21.1]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Peter writes to discuss the details of subscribing to PNAS. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.042, Folder #42.2]

  28 November, 1955

  I see that correspondence on subscriptions to PNAS should be sent to the University of Chicago Press. I am not sure what to do. I suppose they will write you, but if not please send the other $5.00 to NAS. I am sorry not to have checked more thoroughly into this.

  I would do nothing about Dintzis yet.

  love,

  Peter

• Letter from Yuichi Kamura, Japan, to LP RE: Would like to study abroad, but has learned from LP's letter that there is no suitable course for him at Caltech. Would be grateful for any further assistance which LP can provide. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1936-1956), #200.20]
• Magazine Article: "Win a Prize–Get a Passport," New Republic, November 28, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.35]
• Memo from Dr. E.B. Lewis, Division of Biology, Caltech, to LP RE: Attaches a "Memorandum of Fallout" for private circulation at Caltech which has been sent to Dr. Bacher and to the geneticists at Kerckhoff. Its purpose is to call attention to the shortcomings of the published information on the physical measurement of fallout. Considering sending the memo to Dunning and Dunham at the AEC. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Individual Correspondence. (Lederberg - Lewis, E.B.)), #215.7]
• Typescript: "X-Ray Diffraction and the Structure of Proteins," Symposium on Molecular Structure and Biological Specificity, October 28-29, The Woodner Hotel, Washington, D.C. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1955s.24]

• Check from AHP to Sam Salisian for $30.49. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Counter Receipt from Southern Commercial and Savings Bank for LP for $150.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Bank Statements and Canceled Checks, December 1954-February 1956), Box #4.023, Folder #23.1]
• Handwritten note [in German] from Frau Berthel Heesch to AHP. [Filed under Ava Helen Pauling: (General Correspondence, Personal, A-M.), Box #1.001, Folder #1.2]
• Letter from Dr. L.J. Rather, Stanford University School of Medicine, RE: Thanks LP for his comments on Rather's proposed course. Seems that there is a very deep disagreement between LP and Rather. However, offers an excerpt from Antoine Lavoisier's Preface to Elements of Chemistry in support of his point of view. [Letters from LP to Rather November 23, 1955, December 6, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. P.C. Dutta, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, RE: Has examined the manuscript by Hansa Raj Mehta which Dutta sent. Encloses a copy. Does not think that Mehta's discussion contains any significant new ideas. [Letter from Dutta to LP March 16, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (D: Correspondence, 1936-1959), #98.20]
• Letter from LP to Hansa Raj Mehta, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Calcutta, India. [Letter from LP to Dutta March 16, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1950-1955), #256.6]

  29 November 1955

  Mr. Hansa Raj Mehta

  Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute

  Jadavpur, Calcutta 32

  India

  Dear Mr. Mehta:

  I have read the manuscript that you prepared, and which was sent to me by Dr. Dutta, with much interest.

  I have not been able to find anything in your manuscript that changes my opinion about the three-electron bond. This opinion is discussed in detail in my original paper on the three-electron bond, which was published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, 53, 3325 (1931), and is also discussed in the corresponding chapter in my book. There is a sound quantum mechanical basis for the three-electron bond. It is known that a three-electron bond can be formed between two atoms by use of one orbital for each of the two atoms and of three electrons, and also that the energy of a three-electron bond is only about 60 percent as great as that of an electron pair bond. It is for this reason that the three-electron bond occurs so rarely. For example, a molecule for which a structure might be drawn involving two three-electron bonds should instead, in case that orbitals are available, be assigned a structure with a single bond and a double bond. A single bond and a double bond have about three times as much energy as a single bond alone, whereas two three-electron bonds have only 1.2 times the energy of a single bond. It is true that the single bond and the double bond require six atomic orbitals, whereas the two three-electron bonds require only four orbitals, and a molecule might be discovered in which only four orbitals are available. Nevertheless, this is a rare situation. For example, the structure that you have shown for the nitro group and the ozone molecule, involving two three-electron bonds, is much less stable than a structure in which one single bond and one double bond are shown, with, of course, resonance between the single bond and the double bond.

  Now let us discuss the structure that you assign to naphthalene. In this structure there are ten three-electron bonds between carbon atoms, and one single bond. The conventional structures for naphthalene involve five double bonds and six single bonds. If you consider the energy of three-electron bonds, single bonds, and double bonds, you will find that your naphthalene structure is very unstable, relative to the others.

  On the second page of your manuscript you give a long discussion of electronic structure in relation to the configuration of the nuclei of naphthalene. This discussion does not have significance because in fact electronic resonance occurs completely in the period of time required/ motion of the nuclei, as explained in the last chapter of my book.

  The theory of the structure of aromatic and conjugated molecules has been pretty thoroughly developed by use of semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods, and the agreement between the results of calculations made by different methods (all of them being approximations to the solution of the Schrodinger equation for the molecule) is so good that there remains really no question about the electronic structure of these molecules. I do not think that there is any justification for attempting to introduce three-electron bonds in a discussion of their structure.

  Perhaps I should mention one other point. In your paper you suggest a structure for nascent hydrogen. The idea that there exists a special form of hydrogen, nascent hydrogen, has been given up.

  I should be pleased to have you write to me about any other ideas that you have.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

  cc: Dr. Dutta

• Letter from Stanley Schaefer, W.H. Freeman and Company, Publishers, to LP RE: Wonders if the McGraw-Hill contract gives LP the rights to take over the plates once the book is permitted to go out of print. Requests that LP contact McGraw-Hill to find out if the plates are available. [Letter from LP to Freeman November 4, 1955, January 18, 1956] [Filed under LP Books: (The Structure of Line Spectra), #1930b.6]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Right to Face Accusers and Know Charges is Upheld Again," Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Journal, November 29, 1955. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1955n.37]

• Contract Status Report: Contract N6onr-24423, Chemistry 25, Acct. 23607, Directors of Research: LP and Dr. Verner Schomaker, November 30, 1955. [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Contract Status Reports and Project Status Reports, 1947-1962), Box #14.031, Folder #31.7]
• Letter from Dr. Lawarence A. Williams, Thatcher Medical Center, Pasadena, California, to LP RE: Appreciated LP's letter; had fortunately found and read the article. Cynthia is currently in a down spell of her disease, but is beginning to show signs of improvement. Has confidence that she will improve. Received a letter from Dr. Loeb at Columbia and he thoroughly concurs with the procedure outlined. [Letter from LP to Williams November 14, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1953-1959), #444.3]
• Letter from LP [Signed by Beatrice Wulf] to Dr. Walter Lehmann, RE: It would have been nice to have met on their travels around the world. Hopes that Lehmann enjoyed his visit with C.V. Ramen. LP had a fine time with him, except that he did not have a chance to say anything, as Ramen was talking so fast and it was impossible to interrupt. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Correspondence, 1955-1960), #231.1]
• Letter from LP [dictated by LP and signed in his absence by Wulf] to Arthur W. Galston, Yale University RE: Glad to hear from Galston and talks about their leaving Pasadena without saying goodbye. Tells Galston his plans for working on biochemical aspects of mental deficiency. [Letter from Galston to LP November 21, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder #15.3]
• Letter from LP [dictated by LP and signed in his absence by Wulf] to Dr. George Tarjan, Pacific State Hospital RE: Informs Tarjan that Dr. Murayama would like to make a preliminary investigation of hemoglobin from a patient with phenylketonuria and asks Tarjan to send two samples of blood from phenylketonuric patients as well as a letter identifying the specimens. LP tells Tarjan that he has had no more information from the Ford Foundation and that he had to let the biochemist he hired go because she was not satisfactory. [Letter from Tarjan to LP December 2, 1955] [Filed under LP Science: Orthomolecular Medicine and Mental Health: Materials re: Ford Foundation grants for the study of mental disorders, 1955-1966: Box #11.089, Folder #89.2]
• Letter from LP to Cornel Lengyel, RE: Will inquire about the film with Erven Jourdan. Pleased to see the jacket of Lengyel's upcoming book The American Testament, as well as some of the galleys. Points out a few errors in the galleys. Arthur Galston is now a Professor of Biology at Yale. [Letter from Lengyel to LP November 11, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (L: Correspondence, 1955-1960), #231.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Allen Lein, Medical School, Northwestern University, RE: Sent their manuscript "The Combining Power of Myoglobin for Alkyl Isocyanides, and the Structure of the Myoglobin Molecule" to be published. Made a couple of the changes Lein suggested. Wonders how many reprints Lein would like. Encloses another copy of the manuscript; Lein should let LP know if he wants any other changes made. Thinks Lein is probably right in suspecting that diabetes is a molecular disease. If there were a way to titrate the serum of patients to determine their insulin activity, it might be possible to obtain evidence. [Letters from Lein to LP October 27, 1955, December 6, 1955] [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1955a.8]
• Letter from LP to Dr. J. Jennen, Gevaert Photo-Producten, Belgium, RE: Thanks Jennen for the reprint, as well as for the copy of the article regarding LP's receipt of the Nobel Prize. Sorry that he could not attend the International Congress in Zurich this summer. [Letter from Jennen to LP October 28, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (J: Correspondence), #192.21]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Percy L. Julian, President, The Julian Laboratories, RE: Pleased that Julian's new laboratories are coming along well. Thinks Julian was right to leave the Glidden Company under the circumstances. Wonders if he could buy stock in Julian's company. Sorry that Julian could not attend the Chemistry Workshop at Fisk in June. [Letter from Julian to LP April 27, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (J: Correspondence), #192.21]
• Letter from LP to Erven Jourdan, Erven Jourdan Studios, RE: About a year ago, LP remembers that there was discussion of a film biography involving him. The project was dropped when LP began his trip around the world. Wonders if the project has been abandoned permanently, and if not, wonders if they would like his help. [Letter from Lengyel to LP November 11, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (J: Correspondence), #192.21]
• Letter from LP to Professor J.B. Ramsey, Chemistry Dept., University of California, Los Angeles, RE: Encloses his manuscript regarding the sign and meaning of electrode potentials for LP's comment. Submitted the manuscript to the Journal of Physical Chemistry last August, but Editor has not acted upon it as yet. [Letter from LP to Ramsey December 7, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1955-1959), #341.1]
• Letter from LP to W.H. Freeman, W.H. Freeman and Company, Publishers, RE: Has ordered a copy of the book by Cragg and Graham. Looks forward to reading it and seeing whether he can pick up some good ideas, as Freeman suggested. As Bates is retiring this year, there will be an opening for a physical chemistry professor. Considering Gutowsky for this position. Requests that Freeman make a statement on Gutowsky's reputation as a teacher. Wonders if Freeman could suggest any other candidates, such as Kasha. Looking forward to seeing Freeman this week. Suggests that he and AHP drop in on Freeman on Friday morning. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W.H. Freeman and Company, 1941-1959), #439.13]
• Letter from Otto K. Behrens, The Lilly Research Laboratories, to LP RE: Pleased to have discussed LP's interests in work on protein structure during the Detroit Enzyme Symposium. Expects a letter from either LP or Dr. Corey regarding needs for insulin or glucagon in support of this work. Efforts are again being made at Lilly Research Laboratories to produce the large crystals that were mentioned by Dr. Corey. Will inform LP if they are successful. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (E: Organizational Correspondence. (Ea - Ex)), #111.4]
• Letter from Professor George Wald, Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, to LP RE: Mailed the five crystalline isomers of retinene to LP. Gives directions for storage of material. Let Wald know if Eichhorn requires any more of these crystals or others. Under separate cover, sends reprints concerning these structures. [Letter from LP to Wald November 23, 1955] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Individual Correspondence. (Wald - Washburn)), #431.1]