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• Manuscript Notes on “Scientific American page 46 March, 1953.” [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.14]
• Reprint by Harvey A. Itano RE: reprinted from the Journal of Human Genetics and entitled "Qualitative and Quantitative Control of Adult Hemoglobin Synthesis-A Multiple Allele Hypothesis" [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #181, Folder #5 (Itano, Harvey 1950)] [article is also in LP Science: Box 6.009, Folder 9.2].
• Reprint of article "Qualitative and Quantitative Control of Adult Hemoglobin Synthesis-- A Multiple Allele Hypothesis" from American Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 5, No.1. [Filed under LP Science: Box 6.012, Folder 12.3]
• Reprint of article "Studies on Abnormal Hemoglobins. VI. Electrophoretic Demonstration of Type S (Sickle Cell) Hemoglobin in Erythrocytes Incapable of Showing the Sickle Cell Phenomenon" from Blood, The Journal of Hematology. [Filed under LP Science: Box 6.012, Folder 12.3]

• LP writes cheque to: Claude Bloch amount: $42.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP and AHP. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.041, Folder 41.6].

  Dear Parents.

  Many thanks for your letters. I enjoy them very much. You are coming on Easter; J.C. Kendrew won’t be here, but that is all right. Max, Bragg, & most important Francis Crick will be here. I like the Cricks very much. I now go there for lunch on Sundays, which college does not supply.

  Might you be in need of a chauffeur, mechanic, linguist, travelling companion, navigator, oil line break repairer, tire changer, witty conversationalist etc. on your trip next summer? I know just the fellow. Good friend of mine. While I cannot give an unqualified recommendation, still... Who is to sit in the other two seats? I can account for only two occupants.

  We were all excited about the nucleic acid structure. Many thanks for the paper.

  Alfred Tissière arrived. He is very nice. Has a big Bentley (old). He went to Alaska with Gunnar and Beadle.

  Nice, lovely sun today. Second sunny day since I have been in England.

  Much love,

  Peter

• LP writes cheque to: National Academy of Sciences amount: $10.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Dr. Kumler to Mrs. Wulf RE: Thanks Mrs. Wulf for the assigned contribution numbers for his two papers and lets her know that he will take care of the reprint requests himself. [Letter from Mrs. Wulf to Dr. Kumler February 27, 1953] [Filed under K: Correspondence 1953, Box #200, Folder #18]
• Letter from John G. Kirkwood to LP RE: Mentions LP's upcoming visit to New Haven. Goes on to discuss his plans for his own upcoming lectures in France. [Letter from LP to Prof. Kirkwood February 17, 1953, following letter from Prof. Kirkwood to LP May 29, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #198, Folder #12 (Kirkwood, John G.)].
• Letter from LP to L.A. Sweet RE: Wishes to inform Dr. Sweet that Dr. A.J. Glazko will attend the conference on chromatography. [Letter from Dr. Sweet to LP February 16, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.041, Folder 41.7].

  2-March 1953

  Dear Mamma,

  Thank you very much for your letter which came today. I was most pleased to get it, as I had begun to wonder what you were doing and how you are.

  I am rather interested in contacting Linus and would appreciate your advising me where he is if he is not at home in Honolulu. It is not terribly important.

  I like Anita very much too. I think she is a wonderful person. I have not heard of nor seen Peter. He still has his flat in Paris.

  I got on to the Penguin people, and they will be coming, tell Daddy. I have been getting them in quantity. Their classic translations are poor, I think. They get a little dull after a while.

  I am going mad in this cramped room I have. I must move sometime to more. I must make a bookshelf & a wardrobe. It is just terribly cramped.

  Are foam rubber mattresses good? New prices full depth, double bed $66, single bed $45. I might get a little one. It is stupid to be uncomfortable all the time.

  I am now calculating. Finished a hard three weeks of experiments.

  Been going to London. Music. Girl. Never lose my head very much any more.

  I love you,

  Peter

  XXX

• Letter from Ralph A. Beebe of Amherst College to LP RE: Is visiting Los Angeles on March 10, and wonders if he would be able to meet with LP to visit Caltech. And also to ask LP his advice about some measurements considered on the heats of adsorption of water vapor on proteins. [Filed under B: Correspondence 1953, Box #37, Folder #20]
• Memo from G. D. McCann to LP RE: writes about the IBM Computing Facilities. In particular about the financial proposal on the operation of the IBM installation for the fiscal year 1953-54. [cc of memo of response from LP to G. D. McCann March 23, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]

• AHP writes cheque to: A.C. Vroman amount: $25.36 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Alpha Chi Sigma Fraternity amount: $3.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: American Association of University Professors amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Barrett Scholarship Fund amount: $25.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Caltech Alumni Fund amount: $10.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Carrousel amount: $96.10 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Dr. Robert I. Boyd amount: $3.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Emergency Civil Liberties Committee amount: $10.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Free Thought Press Association amount: $1.85 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Georg Jensen, Inc. amount: $42.25 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Jud R. Scholtz M.D. amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Linda Pauling amount: $100.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Pacific Tel & Tel amount: $14.81 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Richfield Oil Corporation amount: $7.29 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Southern California Edison Company amount: $22.70 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Southern Counties Gas Company amount: $9.54 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: The Apothecary amount: $4.40 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Tide Water Associated Oil Company amount: $4.04 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Dr. W. A. Gruse of Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to LP RE: requests from LP an evaluation of a Mr. Robert P. Smith who planned to work with LP for his Ph.D. and who is applying for a position with Mellon Institute. [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Gruse March 6, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]
• Letter from G. B. Bodman, Prof. of Soil Physics of University of California, to LP RE: writes that he will be LP's host in Berkeley when he represents the American Philosophical Society at the inauguration of Chancellor Clark Kerr at the U of California. Offers LP to stay in his home and asks the details of LP's arrival so that he can help out. [Letter from U of California, Committee on Public ceremonies to LP February 27, 1953, letter of response from LP March 6, 1953] [Filed under B: Correspondence 1953, Box #37, Folder #20]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Charles C. Thomas RE: thanks him for sending a copy of Dr. Arthur Coca's new edition of Familial Nonreaginic Food-Allergy. [Letter from Mr. Thomas to LP included, not dated] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18].
• Letter from LP to Prof. I. M. Kolthoff RE: in response to Prof. Kolthoff's letter of enquiry, writes when he will be available for a meeting with Prof. Kolthoff. [Letter from Prof. Kolthoff to LP February 27, 1953, letter from Prof. Kolthoff to LP March 6, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #199, Folder #8].

• AHP writes cheque to: Adohr Milk Farms amount: $6.52 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Central Committee for Conscientious Objections amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Pasadena Pool Maintenance amount: $50.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Southern California Symphony Association amount: $7.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Alexander R. Todd to LP. [Reply from LP to Todd March 12, 1953]. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.28]

  ART/JB 4th March, 1953.

  Professor Linus Pauling,

  Gates and Crellin Laboratories of Chemistry,

  California Institute of Technology,

  Pasadena 4.

  Dear Linus,

  Thank you for your letter. I enclose three samples of pure deoxyribonucleotides which I hope may be useful to you. I do not know whether we have sent enough or not, but you can let us know the position about that. Two of them, thymidine-3' phosphate and thymidine-5' phosphate, are in the form of their barium salts, while the third, deoxycytidine-5' phosphate, is the free acid. I hope to send you some of the fourth member of this group, deoxycytidine-3' phosphate, in a week or two's time, and we will let you have the purine ones later on.

  We are much looking forward to seeing you at the beginning of April in Cambridge.

  Yours ever,

  Alex

• Letter from LP to AHP. [Filed under LP Safe: Box #1.021, Folder #21.1]

  Cambridge 4 March 1953

  Dearest girl: I love you. It is odd to be here without you, although Peter helps. He is well and moderately happy.

  My trip went along all right. The BOAC plane went to Goose Bay. Lots of snow. I saw Riley, who lives in the R.I., but not his wife, who is ill.

  I am staying with Pop (Mrs Prior), a Cambridge character who runs a boardinghouse. Peter too - Peterhouse is closed. We had lunch today with Bragg, Perutz, Crick, etc; also Lady Bragg, who sends you her regards, + Dorothy + Thomas (just padding through), who send their love. D. will come in Sept. But not T. We visited the labs, + Peter + I have just been walking along the backs. Daffodils are blooming, and trees are coming out. Long underwear useful. Tomorrow we lunch with the Braggs, also dine at Trinity, see Rothchilds in between.

  Love from Daddy

  [Page 2, this section is from Peter:]

  Dear Mamma,

  Here we are. It's grand and wonderful to see Daddy. Next time, he has to come incognito. Too many social engagements + science. Thank you very much for the surprises + the seat. I guess I had better give Daddy a date. You are a darling mother. My chairs should be ready soon. I think I shall go to Paris Tuesday with Sid. Give Crellin a swat for me. I hear he needs it. I saw the Hodgkins today for the first time. I like them very much. I am excited about seeing you this summer.

  Much Love,

  (xxxooo)^10! Peter

• Letter from LP to W.H. Freeman RE: LP encloses the Final Manuscript of the second edition of General Chemistry. He mentions that he is eager to correct proofs of the book, and then details his travel plans through the summer. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].
• Letter from R. T. Sanderson to LP RE: Requests that LP contribute a letter in commemoration of Prof. Jacob Cornog's retirement from the State University of Iowa. [Letter of response from LP to Prof. R. T. Sanderson March 11, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Memo from E.C. Watson to LP RE: Calling for a meeting of all Chairmen of the professional divisions to discuss fundamental changes to curriculum. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.030, Folder 30.8]

• AHP writes cheque to: Athenaeum amount: $29.78 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Consumers Union amount: $8.50 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Mira Loma Mutual Water Company amount: $14.16 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Dr. Henry Lemaire to LP RE: writes that he is interested in obtaining another fellowship in LP's department. He is looking to eventually obtain employment with an industrial company and finds himself in a difficult position with his current supervisor at University of Wisconsin due to personal differences. [Note in pen at top: "To Prof. Niemann"] [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Lemaire April 1, 1953] [Filed under L: Correspondence 1953, Box #230, Folder #19]
• Letter from LP to Dean of Department of Graduate Studies at the University of Virginia: letter of recommendation for Mr. Lawrence Dean Dyer in his application to graduate school. [associated letter from LP to Mr. Lawrence Dean Dyer March 5, 1953] [Filed under D: Correspondence 1953, Box #98, Folder #18]
• Letter from LP to Dr. D. H. Templeton. [Letter from Dr. Templeton to LP February 27, 1953, letter of response from Dr. Templeton to LP March 6, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18]

  5 March 1953

  Dr. D. H. Templeton

  Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

  University of California

  Berkeley 4, California

  Dear Dr. Templeton:

  I am glad to learn about your considerations. Your curve look [sic] interesting.

  First let me say that I think that your number m is not so good as the number twice as large. This was discussed by Kapustinsky twenty years ago. He called it the Madelung constant per valence, and pointed out that its value is approximately 1.65. This is, of course, essentially your original suggestion.

  Also, I do not think that there is any doubt about the correct value of the Madelung constant. If I remember correctly, I pointed out to Jack Sherman, who was working in our laboratory, that I was doubtful about the Emersleben value, and Jack recalculated it. He found that Emersleben had made a mistake, and that he had just copied Ebersleben's mistake when he thought he was checking Emersleben's value originally. The value that he found, referred to the edge of the unit, is 5.12972. This puts cuprite exactly on your curve.

  I think that your curve might well be worth publication - that is, the value of the Madelung constant per valence bond as a function of the harmonic mean coordination number. It would, of course, be good if you could express your curve by some simple equation.

  The reference to Sherman's paper on the Madelung constant of cuprite is Z. f. Krist.,(A)87, 342 (1934). Since he made the calculation by Ewald's method twice, as well as by the Grundpoten-tialen method, there can be, I think, no doubt about the correct- ness of this number.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Mr. Lawrence Dean Dyer RE: writes that he has written a letter of recommendation for him to the U. Virginia. [Letter from Mr. Dyer to LP February 17, 1953] [Filed under D: Correspondence 1953, Box #98, Folder #18]
• Letter from LP to W.N. Lacey RE: wishes to offer graduate appointments to a larger number of students in expectation that fewer will accept than are offered. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.018, Folder 18.2]
• Letter from Maurits Dekker of Interscience Publishers, Inc. to LP RE: Dr. Proskauer. Writes that he has informed Mr. Dekker that LP has consented to look through the proofs of Rutgers' Physical Chemistry by Dr. Debye. The proofs are being sent and they request comments. [related letter from LP to Mr. Proskauer] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #313, Folder #1].
• Memo from B. H. Sage to J. H. Sturdivant, cc LP RE: Submits the 1953-1954 budget proposal for the Chemical Engineering laboratory. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.021, Folder 21.3]

• AHP writes cheque to: Israel Fever amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Susie Perry [Boormans Market] amount: $8.50 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Beatrice Wulf to Prof. Sturdivant RE: If a call system is to be installed in the new Church laboratory, then return call buzzers should be placed in the women's and men's rooms. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.024, Folder 24.5]
• Letter from Dr. B. Gutenberg to T. Imanishi cc: LP RE: writes that he is unfamiliar with metallurgy and so transmits his paper and letter to LP. [related note from T. Imanishi to Dr. Gutenberg February 28, 1953, related letter from LP to T. Imanishi March 13, 1953] [Filed under I: Correspondence 1953, Box #185, Folder #14]
• Letter from Dr. David H. Templeton to LP RE: reports two more facts to LP about the Madelung constants. [Letter from LP to Dr. Templeton March 5, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18].
• Letter from LP to Dr. W. A. Gruse of Mellon Institute of Industrial Research RE: upon Dr. Gruse's request, LP writes an evaluation for Mr. Robert P. Smith who is applying for a position with Mellon Institute, and who worked with LP towards his Ph D. [Letter from Dr. Gruse to LP March 3, 1953, letter of response from Dr. Gruse to LP March 12, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]
• Letter from LP to Prof. G. B. Bodman RE: writes that he accepts Mr. Bodman's invitation to stay in his home for the occasion of the inauguration of Chancellor Clark Kerr. Gives details of his travel and activity plans. [Note in pencil at top of letter "Write him Bodman"] [Letter from Prof. G.B. Bodman to LP March 3, 1953, follow-up letter from LP to Prof. Bodman May 28, 1953] [Filed under B: Correspondence 1953, Box #37, Folder #20]
• Letter from LP to Prof. G. I. Finch, Director of the National Chemical Laboratory, India RE: sends a copy of the above letter sent to the Secretary of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, as a recommendation for Dr. Biswas as the Assistant Director in Physical Chemistry in Prof. Finch's lab. [Letter from Dr. Biswas in reference to this letter February 13, 1953, letter from Dr. Biswas in thanks November 20, 1953] [Filed under B: Correspondence 1953, Box #37, Folder #20]
• Letter from LP to the Chief of Naval Research RE: Sends a manuscript by Dr. Harry L. Yakel, Jr. for their files. [received March 13, 1953] [Filed under LP Science: Box 14.032, Folder 32.2]
• Letter from LP to the Secretary of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India RE: Writes a letter of reference in Dr. Biswas' favor recommending him for the position as Assistant Director in Physical Chemistry of the National Chemical Laboratory in Poona. Writes a favorable account of Dr. Biswas' work for two years in LP's lab in the field of the determination of the structure of gas molecules by the diffraction of electrons. [Letter from Dr. Biswas in reference to this letter February 13, 1953] [Filed under B: Correspondence 1953, Box #37, Folder #20]
• Letter from Prof. I. M. Kolthoff to LP RE: writes to LP that on March 15, 1953, he will attend his last meeting ever with the Advisory Committee for Chemistry of the Air Force. Writes that he will explain the matter to LP when they meet. Gives details about his schedule in the hopes of planning a meeting with LP. [Letter from LP to Prof. Kolthoff March 3, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #199, Folder #8].
• Letter from R. B. Berkoff of the Chemical Institute of Canada to LP RE: writes to inform LP of the scheduling details surrounding his intended visit to Winnipeg during March to speak to the Manitoba Section of the Chemical Institute of Canada. [Letter of response from LP to Dr. R. B. Berkoff March 13, 1953] [Filed under unsorted correspondence 1953: B]
• Letter from W.H. Freeman to LP RE: Informs LP that his final manuscript for the second edition of General Chemistry is being forwarded to the printers, and that a publishing schedule will be sent shortly. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].
• Memo from N. H. Horowitz to LP RE: Sends a manuscript that describes the instance of a gene-determined characteristic in Neurospora which appears to be similar in principle to the sickle-cell anemia case. Thought LP might be interested in going over the manuscript. Has submitted it to Genetics for publication. [manuscript included] [Filed under H: Correspondence 1953, Box #166, Folder #4]
• Note from Mr. John Pucciarelli to LP RE: Writes that he recently read in the Sunday Times about the chemical tests that LP is conducting on the fight on cancer. Requests word from LP as to whether he thinks the experiments will conquer cancer. [Letter of response from LP to Mr. Pucciarelli March 23, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #313, Folder #1].

• AHP writes cheque to: Arizona Highways amount: $6.50 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Manor Market amount: $50.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: National Guardian amount: $6.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Peter J. Pauling amount: $150.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Ben May to LP RE: thanks LP for his letter of March 3, 1953. Writes that he has been in Washington for a while. Discusses budget information from the Truman administration and ends the letter with the hope that Dr. Burch keeps getting good results form the therapeutic treatment that LP has formulated.

• Letter from Dr. Murray Vernon King to LP RE: is glad that LP is interested in participating in the written debate on resonance theory. Would appreciate input from LP as they prepare for the discussion. [Letter from LP to Dr. King February 18, 1953].
• Letter from Ms. Cha Chong Hwa to LP RE: writes as a female student from Korea who tells of the current war there and of her gratefulness to have obtained a copy of LP's book General Chemistry. Asks LP a favor for her sister who is interested in studying medicine in the U.S. Asks that LP try to help her obtain a scholarship so that she may achieve this goal. [Letter of response from LP to Miss Cha Chong Hwa March 23, 1953] [Filed under H: Correspondence 1953, Box #166, Folder #4]
• Letter from Tomaji Tanaka to LP RE: sends LP a report of the results of his experiments in an attempt to prove that the existing theory of spectrum must be corrected. [return address from envelope included with letter] [follow-up letter from Mr. Tanaka to LP March 20, 1953, letter of response from LP to Mr. Tanaka March 19, 1953] [Filed under K: Correspondence 1953, Box #200, Folder #18] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18]

• AHP writes cheque to: Susie Perry [Boormans Market] amount: $9.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from B. H. Sage to LP RE: Sage outlines the current requirements for graduate work leading to Masters, Engineering, and Ph.D. degrees. Asks for discussion on this approach to graduate study. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.020, Folder 20.5]
• Letter from L. Zechmeister to Mr. Bartz RE: Comments on the request to send article abstracts to Industrial Associates. Suggests only sending papers that have been accepted by journals. Brings up some copyright issues. [Letter from Mr. Bartz to LP February 18, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Dewey B. Larson RE: Comments on Mr. Larson's letters of February 17, 1953 and February 25, 1953 dealing with the equation for crystalline substances and an equation state for a liquid. Is more enthusiastic about Mr. Larson's work with the equation for crystalline substances. Gives Mr. Larson advice about how to approach publishing his work. [Letter from Mr. Larson to LP February 25, 1953, letter from Mr. Larson to LP February 23, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #212, Folder #12 (Larson, Dewey)].
• Letter from LP to W. Nowacki RE: in response to Prof. Nowacki's letter of request, writes that he is happy to give him information about the new punched card methods in crystal structure calculations. Goes on to relay the requested answers as given by Professor Schomaker. [Letter from Prof. Nowacki to LP February 25, 1953, letter from LP to Prof. Nowacki April 2, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #277, Folder #15: file (Nowacki, Werner)].
• Letter from Prof. Dr. Netter to LP RE: [Letter in German]. [Reply from LP to Netter April 1, 1953] [Filed under N: Correspondence 1953, Box #287, Folder #20]

• LP writes cheque to: Calif. Inst. Tech. amount: $15.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: California Institute of Technology amount: $25.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Alexander Verrijn Stuart of the Shell Development Co. to LP RE: thanks LP for his help and interest in the problems of molecular complex formation that he worked with in Pasadena. Goes on to give a summary of the last work he did before LP left on his trip. [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Stuart March 13, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Letter from LP to Dr. G. V. Raynor of U. of Birmingham, England RE: writes that he was interested to see his paper, with Berry, on "The Crystal Chemistry of the Laves Phases." Goes on to discuss the use of the name "Laves phases," as he himself refers to them as "Friauf phases." Discusses his own work on the determination of the structures of intermetallic compounds. [Letter of response from Dr. Raynor to LP March 17, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #340, Folder #18].
• Letter from LP to Messrs. Essibind Ltd. RE: Encloses some money in payment for six self-binders for Acta Crystallographica. Requests specific labels be implemented on the binders and gives an address for where to send them. [Letter and invoice from Easibind Ltd. to LP March 18, 1953] [Filed under E: Correspondence 1953, Box #112, Folder #19]
• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.29]

  10 March 1953

  Dear Peter:

  I enclose a letter to Messrs. Easibind Ltd. Would you write a check for 3 pounds 16 shillings to them, and forward the letter and your check? I enclose my check for $150. Of this sum $125 is your allowance for 1 April. $11.50 is to reimburse you for the check to Easibind Ltd. $13.50 is to cover your expenses – traveling expenses to London, say – in connection with your checking up on a car for us this summer.

  Your fine letter arrived yesterday. Mama and I were happy to know that you liked having the seafoam, and also the curtains. I am looking forward now to seeing your room – also to seeing you. I expect to arrive at London Airport at 9:45 A.M. on Friday 3 April. My flight is BOAC 510. I am planning to spend all of my time with you in Cambridge, although it would be, of course, nice, if we could get over to Oxford for a short while, especially to see Dorothy.

  Yesterday afternoon Mama and I drove over to Riverside, to look over a collection of 800 organic phosphates that they have there, in the Citrus Experiment Station. I looked them over, and selected four substances for x-ray investigation. Three of them are phosphate diesters. I want very much to find out what the structure of a substance is in which two of the hydrogen atoms of phosphoric acid have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups – presumably the phosphates in nucleic acid are of this type, and so far as I know no one has published a structure determination of any such substance. I think that these substances are more interesting in relation to nucleic acid than the nucleotides themselves, at any rate so far as the phosphate group goes. We have a man, Dr. Rollet, due here next week from Leeds – he is one of Cox’s men – whom we propose to get started on the precise structure determination of one or more of these crystals.

  While we were driving over Mama read me your letter, with its advice about cars. I have not yet looked at the letter and the material that you sent, but I shall mention what my feelings are, on the basis of my memory of her reading. First, I am going to be rather short of money this year, what with the trip that we plan this summer (my traveling expenses to and from Germany will be paid by the Unitarian Service Committee, but not the whole family’s), and I am glad to save a thousand dollars on the cost of the car. I like the idea of the Morgan 4-seater – since Mama and I shall be coming over by air, and back also, we shall not have a great deal of luggage (just one big bag apiece), and the 4-seater might be big enough for the three of us. Also, I like the suggestion about the Austin sports model, which I judge would be big enough for us. I should be glad to have you look into the matter of purchasing one or the other of these, and to advise me as to the next step to take. Our plan will be, as I said before, to buy the car in England or France – at present we are getting air reservations to London – and then to drive to Germany, where I am supposed to wander from university to university for 25 days. Then we would drive to Sweden, and back to France or England. We fly home about 1 September. We would put the car up somewhere, so as to have it when we come back about 1 April 1954. I do not know yet how long we should stay then – probably not later than 1 August, because I feel that I shall be anxious to get back and settle down to work on the third edition of The Nature of the Chemical Bond.

  Now let me give you some information about nucleic acid. It is not clear to me from your letter and from a letter than Jim Watson sent to Delbruck as to what Watson and Crick have done. I have written to Watson, reminding him that he should be here by 20 September for our protein conference, and also telling him that Delbruck told me that he had mentioned in a letter to him that he had found a beautiful new structure for nucleic acid. I said that I assumed that his structure was not just a variant of our – three polynucleotide chains with the phosphate groups in the middle – but something significantly different. I also mentioned that we have found it necessary to make a little change in our structure. I had tried to loosen the structure up a bit by small changes in the atomic positions, but without success. Then Verner Schomaker suggested that the phosphate groups be rotated through 45° about their vertical axis. This seems to do the job. At present I am trying to evaluate precise parameters for the new structure. One difficulty is that I am not sure that the x-ray data require that the polynucleotide helixes have 24 residues in 7 turns. They seem to me to indicate this, but not to prove it. With the new structure there is, I think, the possibility of a somewhat different number of residues per turn than 3.43.

  I have just received a letter from Miss Franklin. She said that she had seen the manuscript – I judge the one that I sent to you. She also said that she had written up their work in three manuscripts, and given them to Professor Randall, who had not looked at them yet, however. She said that she moves this week to Birkbeck College. She said that she hoped that Randall would approve sending copies of the manuscripts to me later on. She said that they had concluded that the data indicated that the phosphate groups are not along the core of the molecule, but are on the outside. I am pretty skeptical about their being able to prove this – I have just had to assume that the phosphate groups are in the center, because I do not see much evidence from the x-ray data one way or another. I told her that if she wanted to see me (she said that she would like to talk with me while I am in England) she could come up to Cambridge during the weekend. If you make any plans for me that would interfere with my seeing her on any day you might let her know what the plans are. I don’t think that I have ever met her – I would much rather see Miss Cowan, whom I have met; in fact, she used to attend my lectures at Oxford.

  Alex Rich has been getting much better fibers of nucleic acid (sodium thymonucleate) than we had before.

  I don’t think much of the argument that our structure has to be ruled out because there is too much negative charge along the axis. For example, phosphoric acid can lose three protons, assuming a triple negative charge, in alkaline solution, even though the three charges are all within 2.5 A of one another. The second acid constant of oxalic acid is only about 10^-2 times the first, even though the two charges on the oxalate ion are similarly close to one another. The small distance between the negative charges on the nucleate ion should, of course, show up in the acid constants, as shown by the titration curves. I have not looked into this matter recently, but I think that the acid constants are somewhat smaller – about pK 4-5, say, instead of pK 2 – than the acid constant for phosphoric acid diester. However, you may feel better about the new structure. In the new structure one oxygen atom, not esterified, of each phosphate group is close to the axis – only 1.5 A from the axis – and close to two other equivalent oxygen atoms. The other non-esterified oxygen atom of each phosphate group is, however, rather far out, 4 A from the axis. This oxygen atom could, then, be in contact with a sodium ion, or even with the positive ion group of the protein side chain, such as the guanidinium ion of an arginine residue in clupein.

  Also, I may say in answer to the statement in your letter that I do not see why the presence or absence of a hydroxyl group on carbon atom 2’ of the furanose ring makes any difference in our structure. There is room enough for the oxygen atom (the hydroxyl group), so that the structure is a possible one for ribonucleic acid as well as for deoxyribonucleic acid. One of them, ribonucleic acid, might well, of course, be stabilized through the formation of an extra hydrogen bond for each residue. We have been hoping to get some radial distribution functions for sodium ribonucleate and sodium deoxyribonucleate, in order to decide whether the structures are the same or not, but we have not succeeded in getting anybody to work on this problem.

  I was glad to hear the news (confidential) about Bragg and the Royal Institution. I hope that he does decide to accept. I said last summer, in talking with people in England, that I thought that Bragg was the only man in England who would really be a good choice as director of the Royal Institution, and that I thought that he might be willing to resign from the Cavendish a bit before reaching retiring age, in order to take the job. It is true that if the Medical Research Council unit moves to the Royal Institution you might have some difficult decisions to make.

  During the last month I have been working on a theory of ferromagnetism. I am going to try to write it up tomorrow. I feel for the first time in my life that I understand ferromagnetism, and the new theory permits me to calculate the saturation magnetic moment per atom for iron – this has never been possible with any earlier theory. The calculated value, which makes use of spectroscopic date only, is 2.20 Bohr magnetons per iron atom, in excellent agreement with the observed value, 2.22. This work will be published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. I can explain it to you when I see you.

  Love from

  [Linus Pauling]

  P.S. Let me know if you would like to have a copy of the ferromagnetism manuscript.

  P.S. to letter to Peter Pauling, dated 10 March 1953

  I don’t think that I have mentioned to you that I got my passport, with only minor difficulty. It is good for one month, 25 March to 25 April, and valid only for England and Belgium. Also, Linda wrote to ask if anything more had happened in the Budenz matter. Nothing more has happened. Budenz has not, so far as I am aware, taken any action in response to my calling him a professional liar and saying that he ought to be prosecuted for perjury.

• Pauling Scrapbook: (Pasadena) Star News article entitled "Famous Scientists Will Wait Upon Students" RE: reports that LP and other Profs. from Caltech will serve at a special dinner the residents the living unit who donated the most funds to the annual consolidated fund drive. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 6.006, Folder 6.31]

• AHP writes cheque to: Susie Perry [Boormans Market] amount: $15.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP chairs Ph.D. Oral Examination: Propositions for Defense by G. Felsenfeld. 1:15 PM, Crellin Conference Room. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 1.016, Folder 16.2]
• Letter from Dr. Daniel Mazia to LP. [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Mazia April 1, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]

  March 11, 1953

  Dr. Linus Pauling

  Gates and Crellin Laboratories of Chemistry

  California Institute of Technology

  Pasadena, California

  Dear Dr. Pauling:

  It goes without saying that the recent proposal concerning nucleic acid structure by Dr. Corey and yourself is a milestone in biological chemistry. I am taking the liberty of enclosing a copy of a paper by Mr. Thomas W. James and myself which we think may have some bearing on your theory. It deals with the properties of DNA films at an air-water interface, and raises the following questions:

  1) How can we account for the stability of a DNA film over a salt solution in which the DNA is soluble? None of the formulations of nucleic acid structure yield a hydrophilic-hydrophobic axis. Since spreading is possible only over strong electrolyte, we might image that we are exploiting the surface activity of pure water relative to strong salt solutions to spread the thinnest possible layer of aqueous solution, and that the DNA molecules interact to form a sheet-like polymer which is less soluble in the underlying salt solution. Note, however, that this film, after being deposited on a solid surface, can be dissolved in water. I wonder whether your model would predict the behavior of the material at an interface.

  2) We observe a thickness of approximately 22 Å whether we "weight" the DNA represented by a given area of film or measure it directly by means of the ellipsometer. Since this thickness is 1.5 times the length of a nucleotide, we speculated in terms of some sort of spiral arrangement. But if there were a single spiral, it should not be very tightly packed, and the thickness calculated from the weight of a given area of film should be less than that observed optically. It seems to us that your model does account for the agreement between the thickness calculated from the two types of observation. I am not certain, from reading your remarks on page 86, what thickness you predict for the 3-helix thread.

  3) We wonder if your proposal does not account for our observation – for which we have had no explanation – that lowering the pH under the film causes it to tend to expand. Would this not be a reasonable consequence of a structure in which the basic residues would be facing the water? The seeming hysteresis of the effect of lowered pH is something else again, and here our data are incomplete because we did not determine the pH limits within which the pH effect was reversible.

  We would appreciate very much any comments you might make on these questions and would at the same time hope that these data, representing a somewhat different experimental approach from those that you cite, might be of some use to you in further elaboration of your theory. I hope that the points we have raised will be intelligible despite the chemical illiteracy that they reflect.

  I must add that all the credit for the technical accomplishments in the enclosed paper should go to Mr. James.

  Cordially yours,

  Daniel Mazia

  DM:th

  Encl

• Letter from LP to Dr. Anson of Lever Brothers Company RE: Regrets that Dr. Anson will be unable to attend the conference on protein structure. Wonders if Dr. Anson has seen the nucleic acid structure described in the February Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Informs him of a revision in that structure. [in pencil indicates that letter was sent to Mr. Bartz] [LP invitation to Dr. Anson February 6, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. George Kistiakowsky of Dept. of Chem., Harvard U., RE: writes in response to Dr. Kistiakowsky his opinions of the scientists listed in his letter, describing their class in the field of their science and how he thinks they would contribute to Harvard U. Suggests some men of his own as well for the professorship opening at Harvard U. [Letter from Dr. Kistiakowsky to LP January 29, 1953, letter of response from Dr. Kistiakowsky to LP March 17, 1953].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Ralph Connor RE: Writes that a representative from Rohm and Haas Company will be able to attend the conference on protein structure. [invitation from LP to Dr. Connor February 6, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Miss Marian Orans of the U. of Chicago Student Representative Party RE: writes in response to Miss Orans' letter of January 5, 1953. Unfortunately he cannot agree to prepare a statement and a recording for them as he is far too busy at the moment. Agrees with their activities discussing civil liberties and academic freedom. [Letter from Miss Marian Orans to LP January 5, 1953] [Filed under unsorted correspondence 1953] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1953, Box #300, Folder #15]
• Letter from LP to Prof Jacob Cornog of the State University of Iowa RE: Writes that he is happy to receive note that a party is being held to celebrate his long service as a teacher of chemistry at Oregon State Agricultural College. Is unable to attend. [Filed under C: Correspondence 1953, Box #74, Folder #21]
• Letter from LP to Prof. Kasutake Kohra of the Institute of Applied Science, Japan RE: writes in answer to Prof. Kohra's enquiry that Caltech is unfortunately unable to give him an appointment in their lab because of a lack of funds at the Institute. [Letter from Prof. Kohra to LP February 8, 1953] [Filed under K: Correspondence 1953, Box #200, Folder #18]
• Letter from LP to Prof. R. T. Sanderson RE: in response to Prof. Sanderson's letter, he sends a letter in honor of Prof. Cornog and his upcoming retirement. [Letter from Prof. Sanderson to LP March 4, 1953, letter of response from Prof. Sanderson to LP March 24, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Letter from Mr. Abraham Lederman, Pres. of the Teacher's Union of the City of New York, to LP RE: writes that the 17th annual educational conference is being held soon and requests that LP address a message to Dr. Meiklejohn, to whom they are giving an award. [Letter of response from LP to Mr. Lederman March 31, 1953] [Filed under L: Correspondence 1953, Box #230, Folder #19]
• Publication: "Fundamental dimensions of polypeptide chains (A discussion on the structure of proteins held on 1 May 1952). Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 141 (March 1953): 10-20. [Robert B. Corey and Linus Pauling] [Filed under LP Reprints: (Publications of Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953p, Folder 1953p.1]

• LP Newspaper Clipping: 1953n. Pasadena (California) Star-News article "Caltech Professors Wait Tables for Students". March 12, 1953 [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1953n2.2]
• Letter from Dr. W. A. Gruse of Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to LP RE: thanks LP for his letter about Robert P. Smith, is awaiting an interview with him. [Letter from LP to Dr. Gruse March 6, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]
• Letter from James Watson to Max Delbrück. [Courtesy of the J.D. Watson Archive. Local copy filed under LP Correspondence: Box #432, Folder #1]

  March 12, 1953

  Dear Max

  Thank you very much for your recent letters. We were quite interested in your account of the Pauling Seminar. The day following the arrival of your letter, I received a note from Pauling, mentioning that their model had been revised, and indicating interest in our model. We shall thus have to write him in the near future as to what we are doing. Until now we preferred not to write him since we did not want to commit ourselves until we were completely sure that all of the Van der Waals contacts were correct and that all aspects of our structure were stereochemically feasible. I believe now that we have made sure that our structure can be built and today we are laboriously calculating out exact atomic coordinates.

  Our model (a joint project of Francis Crick and myself) bears no relationship to either the original or the revised Pauling-Corey-Schomaker models. It is a strange model and embodies several unusual features. However since DNA is an unusual substance, we are not hesitant in being bold. The main features of the model are (1) The basic structure is helical - it consists of two intertwining helices - the core of the helix is occupied by the purine and pyrimidine bases - the phosphates groups are on the outside. (2) The helices are not identical but complementary so that if one helix contains a purine base, the other helix contains a pyrimidine - this feature is a result of our attempt to make the residues equivalent and at the same time put the purines and pyrimidine bases in the center. The pairing of the purine with pyramidines is very exact and dictated by their desire to form hydrogen bonds - Adenine will pair with Thymine while Guanine will always pair with Cytosine. For example [diagrams of base pairing] Thymine with Adenine, Cytosine with Guanine.

  While my diagram is crude, in fact these pairs form 2 very nice hydrogen bonds in which all of the angles are exactly right. This pairing is based on the effective existence of only one out of the two possible tautomeric forms - in all cases we prefer the keto form over the enol[,] the amino over the imino. This is definitely an assumption but Jerry Donohue and Bill Cochran tell us that for all organic molecules so far examined, the keto and amino forms are present in preference to the enol and imino possibilities.

  The model has been derived almost entirely from stereochemical considerations with the only x-ray consideration being the spacing between the pair of bases 3.4A which was originally found by Astbury. It tends to build itself with approximately 10 residues per tern in 34A. The screw is right handed.

  The x-ray pattern approximately agreed with the model, but since the photographs available to us are poor and meagre (we have no prototypes of our own and like Pauling must use Astbury's photographs) this agreement in no way constitutes a proof of our model. We are certainly a long way from proving its correctness. To do this we must obtain collaboration from the group at Kings College London who possess very excellent photographs of a crystalline phase in addition to rather good photographs of a paracrystalline phase. Our model has been made in reference to the paracrystalline form, and as yet we have no clear idea as to how these helices pack together to form the crystalline phase.

  In the next day or so Crick and I shall send a note to Nature proposing our structure as a possible model, at the same time emphasizing its provisional nature and the lack of proof in its favor. Even if wrong I believe it to be interesting since it promises a concrete example of a structure composed of complementary chains. If by chance, it is right then I suspect we may be making a slight dent into the manner in which DNA can reproduce itself. For these reasons (in addition to many others) I prefer this type of model over Pauling's which if true would tell us next to nothing about [the] manner of DNA reproduction.

  I shall write you in a day or so about the recombination paper. Yesterday I received a very interesting note from Bill Hayes. I believe he is sending you a copy.

  I have met Alfred Tissieus recently. He seems very nice. He speaks fondly of Pasadena and I suspect has not yet become accustomed to being a Fellow of Kings.

  My regards to Mary

  Jim

  P.S. We would prefer your not mentioning this letter to Pauling. When our letter to Nature is completed we shall send him a copy. We should like to send him coordinates.

• Letter from LP to Alexander R. Todd. [In reply to March 4, 1953 letter from Todd to LP]. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.28]

  12 March 1953

  Professor A. R. Todd, F.R.S.

  University Chemical Laboratory

  Pembroke Street

  Cambridge

  England

  Dear Alex:

  I am glad to have your letter of 4 March, and the samples of deoxyribonucleotides. We are starting their investigation immediately. I shall also look forward to having the fourth member of the group, deoxycytidine-3' phosphate.

  I have no new results to communicate to you at the present tine. I have, in fact, been working recently on a new theory of ferromagnetism.

  With best regards, I am

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Carl Niemann RE: LP discusses a proposal to permit seniors at Caltech to essentially be treated like first year graduate students. Outlines what this involves. Asks that Niemann have the matter discussed by the Graduate Committee. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.020, Folder 20.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. William Simpson of the Dept of Chem. at U. of Washington RE: encloses a manuscript of a paper that he wrote 14 yrs. ago regarding the problem of the color of dyes. Relates it to one of Dr. Simpson's paper's that he saw in the last issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Letter from LP to Mr. Proskauer RE: comments on the proof sheets of the book on physical chemistry. Goes on to answer Mr. Proskauer's questions about the possible applications of the book and what he thought of it. Returns the proof sheets. [related letter from Maurits Dekker to LP March 5, 1953 (Filed under P: 1953)] [Letter of response from Mr. Proskauer to LP March 30, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #313, Folder #1].
• Letter from LP to Professor F.H. Van den Dungen, RE: LP requests that the funds for his trip be applied the British Overseas Airline Company as that is the flight he will be taking. LP would like to know what sort of attire to bring and if there will be any functions in connection with the Congress. [Van den Dungen’s reply March 20, 1952] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.4]
• Message from the Industrial Employment Review Board. [Filed under LP Safe: Box 2.039, Folder 39.68]
• Pauling Scrapbook: (Pasadena Star News) article entitled "Caltech Professors Wait Tables For Students" RE: reports that LP and other Profs. are waiting tables for the students of Dabney House, who donated the most to the campus consolidated fund drive [picture of LP serving students included]. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 6.006, Folder 6.31]

• Letter from Hans H. Weber, Physiologisches Institut, to LP RE: [Written in German]. [Reply from LP to Weber April 1, 1953]. [Filed under LP Peace: Box 4.001, Folder 1.3]
• Letter from LP to Dean Watson RE: recommends that women be admitted under special circumstances as graduate students. [Memo from L. Zechmeister to LP Letter from LP to Dean Watson March 20, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.030, Folder 30.8]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Alexander Verrijn Stuart RE: was glad to hear of the work he did during the latter part of his stay in Pasadena. Goes on to discuss a matter involving the "Lewis-Calvin model." [Letter from Dr. Stuart to LP March 10, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Letter from LP to Dr. D. P. Riley RE: refers to a letter of February 18, 1953 from Dr. Riley, and is glad to hear of his plans for coming to their meeting. Also recalls a letter of February 24, 1953 which he seems to have mislaid. Goes on to comment on the Chemistry Department at USC as Dr. Riley had requested in that letter. Also mentions that he and Prof. Vold of USC would reimburse him for flying expenses to Pasadena. [Letter from Dr. Riley to LP February 24, 1953].
• Letter from LP to Dr. David P. Mellor RE: thanks him for his letter about Hans Freeman, has referred it to the Dean of Graduate Studies. Is at work on the problem of protein structure. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #246, Folder #7 (Mellor, David P.)].
• Letter from LP to Dr. R. B. Berkoff RE: writes that he will keep the days suggested in Dr. Berkoff's letter open in case of a luncheon meeting. [Letter from Dr. Berkoff to LP March 6, 1953] [Filed under unsorted correspondence 1953: B]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Wendell P. Woodring RE: was pleased to see him at the Academy tea. [Letter of response from Dr. Woodring to LP April 16, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #444, File #1].
• Letter from LP to Mr. Nash RE: states that LP is pleased to be reappointed to the Board of Trustees' Committee on Governmental and Industrial Contracts. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.2]
• Letter from LP to Mr. T. Imanishi RE: writes that Dr. Gutenberg has transferred Mr. Imanishi's paper to him and goes on to explain that he himself does not know enough about metallurgical processes to give an opinion on the special processes that he describes. Goes on to talk more about a matter of water, oxygen, and hydrogen which was discussed in the paper. [related letter from Dr. B. Gutenberg to T. Imanishi March 6, 1953, note of response from T. Imanishi to LP March 24, 1953] [Filed under I: Correspondence 1953, Box #185, Folder #14]
• Letter from R.W. Asmussen to LP, RE: Asmussen invites LP to attend the Complexical Symposium the 9th through the 14th of August. Asmussen hopes that the Danish Chemical Society will be able to pay for LP’s expenses during his stay in Copenhagen. [LP’s reply March 26, 1953] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.13]
• Letter from Walter S. Vincent to LP RE: requests a copy of LP's paper on "A proposed structure for the nucleic acids." Asks LP if he intends to publish further papers on the same topic. [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Walter S. Vincent March 19, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #427, Folder #13].
• Memo [not dated, handwritten] from E.C. Watson to LP RE: the acceptance of Dr. I. E. Keszler to a chemistry research appointment. [Letter from LP to Dean Watson March 13, 1953, Memo from L. Zechmeister to LP Letter from LP to Dean Watson March 20, 1953]
• Memo from LP to Dr. Blum RE: suggests that Blum examine the crystal structure of carnosine and anserine to determine if they are crystallized in the Lotmar-Picken muscles. [Previous memo from LP to Blum December 22, 1952].
• Program: "Chromatography and Some Applications," Industrial Associates symposium held at the California Institute of Technology. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]

• AHP writes cheque to: Walter Fritts amount: $48.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Mr. C. Craig to LP RE: Writes that he believes he has found a key to the problem of photosynthesis, basing his ideas very much on information found from LP's book, The Nature of the Chemical Bond. Submits his ideas in the letter. [Letter of response from LP to Mr. Craig March 20, 1953] [Filed under C: Correspondence 1953, Box #74, Folder #21]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP and AHP. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.041, Folder 41.6]

  14 March 1953

  Dear Parents,

  I was very pleased to get Mamma's letter a couple of days ago and Papa's today. I expect I must write my letter in French; but not right now

  I am very glad to learn your plans. I shall meet you at the BOAC London terminals, where the bus stops. I don't know if I can find a car. Do you want me to find you a place to stay here? Do you want to stay with friends or in a hotel? Actually, I have to find a place for me to stay.

  Sid Bernhard & I and probably Jim Watson & maybe more are planning to go to Paris on the 7^th April. Sid wants to go, and while I am not sure I can afford it, it ought to be fun.

  I have sent your letter to [Easibind?] plus a check. I acknowledge receipt of $150 & credit you with $13.50.

  I expect I shall go to Oxford before you come, perhaps the 28^th or so. Move from friend to friend.

  I gave Watson essentially the paper on nucleic acids, and after the 12^th he showed it. Morris Wilkins is supposed to be doing this work; Miss Franklin evidently is a fool. Relations are now slightly strained due to the Watson-Crick entering the field. They (W.C.) have some ideas & shall write you immediately. It is really up to them and not to me to tell you about it. We tried to build your structure, and succeeded, I think, it was pretty tight. Perhaps we should try the new one. They are getting pretty involved with their own efforts, and losing objectivity.

  I shall press my research on a motor vehicle & make further recommendations. I am almost sure it would be more convenient to buy the car in France, but shall check further.

  Next summer, I am rather desirous of staying in Scandinavia. Once there, I might as well do it up brown, and there is no point of my getting here before 1 October. I am not sure what your desires are. Reports of your wishes w.r.t. me are a little conflicting, but we shall see. The following summer I can do southern Europe. Is Linda coming sometime? You'll need a bigger car for four.

  The weather is becoming really grand. Blue sky and sun, and it is not dark until 6:30 or so. ([V red?] to be black at 4:15) Life is becoming quite pleasant. I went to two balls this week, the only dances I have been to. I know a number of girls, and seem to get along well with Scandinavian girls. As a sensible young American, I stand out a bit in this town of pansy Englishmen. There are more Continental girls here than men.

  I am hunting for a place to live next year. I can live where I please, undisciplined. Perhaps I should live with Sid. Better a flat in King's Parade. Hah.

  Lennard Jones is at Stoke-on-Trent. He is leaving immediately after Easter.

  I shall write Dorothy, more w r t my staying than your coming.

  Work is going passably well. I must get this job finished. Kendrew would not go to the RI under any circumstances, but Max might.

  Much love,

  XXXXX Peter

  OOOOOOOO

• Letter from Professor F.H. van den Dungen to LP, RE: [In French] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.4]
• Note from F. Hilton to LP RE: has a question about an article in a specific chemistry journal. Asks for LP to help him with it. [Letter from LP to F. Hilton March 19, 1953] [Filed under H: Correspondence 1953, Box #166, Folder #4]

• Itinerary: ACS meetings in Los Angeles [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.001 Folder 1.10]
• LP writes cheque to: American Chemical Society amount: $10.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]

• AHP writes cheque to: Market Basket amount: $11.57 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Itinerary: ACS meetings in Los Angeles [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.001 Folder 1.10]
• Letter from B.H. Sage to LP RE: Requests additional funding for four full tuition scholarships for fifth year graduate students in the Division of Chemical Engineering. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.018, Folder 18.2]
• Letter from J. Timmermans to LP, RE: Timmermans has sent out copies of the five reports for the next Solvay Council as well as a second copy of LP’s. Timmermans did try to correct the report to the best of his ability, but any more corrections will need to be made by LP at the time of the meeting in Brussels [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.4]
• Letter from LP to Dr. J. S. McKinley McKee RE: writes that the competition for fellowships has been especially keen this year and so he is sorry to say that the committee on the Noyes Fellowships has decided not to award one to him. [Note from Dr. McKinley McKee to LP February 21, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Vand RE: in response to Dr. Vand's letter of inquiry, LP is sorry to write that he does not know of any openings in the crystal-structure field to recommend for him. Writes about his own work in collagen. [Letter from Dr. Vand to LP December 17, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #427, Folder #13].
• Letter from LP to Henry Thomas, RE: LP would prefer to have the title of his lecture be “The Structure of Proteins and Nucleic Acids.” LP and AHP are looking forward to staying with Mrs. Harned during their visit to New Haven. [Thomas’ letter February 25, 1953] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.5]
• Letter from LP to Prof. Emeleus RE: thanks him for his letter recommending Clifford. Unfortunately the position is now open only for a term and so the budget at Caltech will not cover an appointment for a whole year. LP has called Clifford to tell him that he cannot be hired after all. LP looks forward to seeing Prof. Emeleus in April. [Letter from Prof. Emeleus to LP February 23, 1952] [Filed under E: Correspondence 1953, Box #112, Folder #19]
• Letter from LP to the Committee on Public Ceremonies RE: Will be pleased to present at the Charter Day Exercises on March 20, 1953, but would like a ticket sent for AHP. [Filed under LP Science: 14.011, Folder 11.2].
• Letter from R. E. Moulton to LP, RE: Moulton thanks LP for speaking to the Management Club of Caltech on the topic of research work being done on the structure of the molecule. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.3]
• Pauling Scrapbook: (Pasadena) Star News article entitled "Prof. Lucas Feted on Eve of Retirement From Caltech." RE: discusses the honors given on behalf of Prof. Lucas and his retirement from Caltech. Quotes LP. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 6.006, Folder 6.31]
• Pauling Scrapbook: Los Angeles Daily News article entitled "Professor Lucas to receive award" RE: reports the retirement of Prof. Howard J. Lucas from the Chem. Dept. at Caltech, quotes praise from LP. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 6.006, Folder 6.31]

• AHP writes cheque to: Fashion Cleaners amount: $31.85 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Susie Perry [Boormans Market] amount: $14.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Itinerary: ACS meetings in Los Angeles; speak at 10 AM [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.001 Folder 1.10]
• LP writes cheque to: Casey [illegible name] amount: $3.53 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter [original in LP Correspondence Box #198, Folder #14 (File Kistiakowsky, G.B.)] from Dr. Kistiakowsky to LP RE: Thanks LP for his thoughtful letter and his comments on some of the men they are considering for a professorship at Harvard U. [Letter from LP to Dr. Kistiakowsky March 11, 1953].
• Letter from A.A. Heist, the Citizens Committee to Preserve American Freedoms, to LP RE: Requests that LP sign a brief to be shown to the House of Un-American Activities Committee that protests the restriction of personal freedoms. Enclosed is brief.
• Letter from Dr. G. V. Raynor to LP RE: writes that he is grateful for LP's letter about C 14, C 15 and C 36 crystals, and is interested to see LP's conclusions about the electronic structures of the phases of those types. Is also interested to the hear the new theory of ferromagnetism from LP. Requests advance copies of the work. Also requests anything LP can tell him about his interpretation of inter-metallic phases. [Letter from LP to Dr. Raynor March 10, 1953, letter of response from LP to Prof. Raynor March 27, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #340, Folder #18].
• Letter from Horace N. Gilbert to LP RE: invites LP to join the Los Angeles Town Hall. Goes on to describe the organization and encloses an application for membership. [Memo of response from LP to Dr. Gilbert January 4, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18].
• Letter from LP to Dr. T. J. Webb RE: writes in regard to the Hamiltonian game in a copy of "Ball's Mathematical Recreations and Essays" that he gave him. Goes on to discuss the game. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #444, File #1].
• Letter from LP to W.H. Freeman RE: LP doesn't have a second copy of the manuscript of General Chemistry to give to Lloyd Malm. He also agrees with the correction comment, and corrections will only be made to factual errors. [In reply to February 24, 1953 letter from Freeman to LP]. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].
• Letter from W. O. Teeters to LP RE: Thanks LP and BW as well as Prof. Niemann for their help while he was at Caltech interviewing candidates for the Ph.D. degree. Includes copies of the letters he wrote to all the men interviewed while he was at Caltech. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18]
• Memo from L. Zechmeister to LP RE: Does not wish to accept Dr. I. E. Keszler on the basis that she wishes to work out a practical problem and not basic research. [Letter from LP to Dean Watson March 13, 1953, Letter from LP to Dean Watson March 20, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.030, Folder 30.8]
• Pauling Scrapbook: New York World-Telegram and Sun article entitled "New Twist Found in Protein Coils" RE: Reports LP's discovery of the structure of proteins as that of a coiled spring. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 6.006, Folder 6.31]

• AHP writes cheque to: J. W. Robinson & Co. amount: $46.41 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Itinerary: ACS meetings in Los Angeles [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.001 Folder 1.10]
• Letter from A.L. Dounce, University of Rochester, to LP. [Reply from LP to Dounce March 23, 1953]. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.30]

  March 18, 1953

  Dr. Linus C. Pauling

  California Inst. of Technology

  Pasadena 4, California

  Dear Dr. Pauling:

  I have just finished reading your paper in the February "Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci." on a new type structure which you have proposed for nucleic acids. I have been interested in the biochemistry of the nucleic acids for some time and have recently constructed an hypothetical duplicating mechanism for peptide chain and nucleic acid synthesis which seems to be logically consistant and which makes use of reaction types that are familiar to the biochemist. However this mechanism requires functionally available phosphate groups as you will see if you care to glance through the enclosed reprint. Therefore a single nucleotide chain or helix would be required as postulated by Astbury and by Furberg, and if the three-chain helix postulated by you is correct, my mechanism must go into the waste basket.

  Now I am sure that my mechanism, which after all is only a hypothesis, cannot be entirely correct, and of course it may be entirely incorrect; but it does suggest certain biochemical approaches to the problem of peptide chain synthesis, and hence might be of some use even if it is only partially correct. Therefore, before I do throw it in the waste basket I should like to take the liberty of asking a few questions about your proposed nucleic acid structure which you may well have answers for, but for which answers are not apparent in your paper. These questions are as follows:

  1. Do the positions of the hydrogen atoms associated with the oxygens of the phosphate tetrahedra indicate that these hydrogens would be difficult to replace by metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, etc.; by dye molecules (methyl green); and by basic proteins (histones or protamines); or for that matter by ordinary proteins? It would seem to me that in reactions involving replacement of the phosphate hydrogens by any of the above-mentioned substances (present in solution as cations), there might be difficulties if the cation replacing the hydrogen could not because of steric hinderance get close to the oxygens of the phosphate group bearing the negative charges. If such steric hinderance should be appreciably-present, then any hydrogen ions which were present should still be attracted into positions close to the negatively charged oxygen atoms, and it would seem to me that the net result would be to render the hydrogens very non-dissociable from the phosphate groups. In view of these considerations, can you make your model work properly in exchange reactions involving the hydrogens of the phosphate groups with other cations, and would it work as well as the Astbury or Furburg models?

  Dr. Linus C. Pauling - 2 - March 18, 1953

  2. How good is the evidence for the cross sectional area of the DNA molecule? Astbury makes a rough calculation of cross-sectional area based on estimates of the dimensions of a nucleotide molecule (15 X 7.5 Ǻ) = 112.5 Ǻ². As far as I can see this assumes a ribbon-like molecule with or without coiling. If this value of Astbury for area is divided into 338 Ǻ³, your figure for the volume per nucleotide, obtained from the average residue molecular weight and the density, we obtain a figure of about 3.01 which is somewhere near the distance along the fiber length occupied by a repeating unit (3.4 Ǻ) as calculated from the x-ray measurements. This would indicate as I under- stand it that the observed spacing probably corresponds to the distance between nucleotides in a single chain. On the other hand if we use your figure for area, obtained I presume from an assumed circular cross section with radius of about 10 Ǻ ,we get for the distance occupied by a nucleotide residue along the fiber axis a value of about 1.12 Ǻ which is only a third of the observed spacing (3.4 Ǻ). For this reason, I take it, you feel that there have to be three nucleotide residues per distance of 3.4 Ǻ along the chain, and therefore construct a model with three intertwined chains. Hence the crux of the matter seems to be to get an accurate estimate of the cross sectional area, as free as possible from assumptions, and that is why I am asking question number 2.

  3. Regardless of the mechanism proposed for nucleic acid synthesis, it seems likely that enzymes must be involved. Although this question obviously cannot be answered with any certainty, I wonder whether difficulties will not arise in allowing access of synthetic enzymes to a close packed structure of three interwoven helices such as you propose. The same question might be asked in regard to enzymes of depolymerization which cause rupture of inter-nucleotide linkages and hence must presumably form complexes with groups very close to the phosphate groups. Incidentally, would your structure predict the products of DNA-ase action as well as a single chain or helix?

  4. How much change is likely to occur in structure on liberating nucleic acids from the proteins to which they are bound, presumably through purines and pyrimidines, in the natural state?

  In closing, I might state that I am not trained in advanced physical chemistry or physics, and might therefore not appreciate all of the basis for your model, but I would enjoy hearing from you regarding the questions even if only very briefly. I would also appreciate having any comments which you might have regarding my hypothetical duplicating mechanism, if you feel that this is worthy of comment.

  Sincerely yours,

  Alexander L. Dounce

  ALD: RE

  P.S. I should appreciate a reprint of your article (referred to in the letter), and any reprints which you might be able to spare on peptide chain structure and hemoglobin chemistry. A.L.D.

  Encl-2

• Letter from Ben May to LP RE: encloses a copy of Science, March 13, thinking that LP might need an extra copy of the article on Bioserological Methods of Human Classification.
• Letter from C. T. Geiser, Procurement Officer of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture to LP RE: writes that they have stored in their Bureau space some equipment with Caltech nameplates on them. Asks what they should do with it. [Filed under U: Correspondence 1953] [Letter of response from J. H. Sturdivant to Mr. C. T. Geiser April 1, 1953].
• Letter from Easibind Ltd. to LP RE: sends a letter thanking LP for his order of their Easibinders. Encloses a receipt for his cheque. Sends some information about how the binders will work. [invoice included with the same date] [Letter from LP to Easibind Ltd. March 10, 1953] [Filed under E: Correspondence 1953, Box #112, Folder #19]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Highberger RE: Is sorry that United Shoe Machinery Corp. is not planning to send a representative to the conference on protein structure. Gives him more information on the conference on the configuration of polypeptide chains that will be held in September, and invites a representative to attend. [pencil note on top of page indicates letter was sent to Mr. Bartz] [invitation from LP to Dr. Highberger February 6, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Ralph Connor, Rohm and Haas Company RE: Is sorry that Dr. Connor has decided to not send a representative to the lecture on protein structure. Mentions that this knowledge is important in leather and textiles, but the field is admittedly not very extensive. [Pencil note at top indicates cc to Bartz]. [Invitation from LP to Connor February 6, 1953, Letter from LP to Connor March 11, 1953]. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. William S. Johnson of Rohm and Haas Company RE: LP thanks Dr. Johnson for informing him that he will be unable to attend the conference on the structure of proteins. [LP invitation to Dr. Johnson February 6, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP and AHP RE: Discusses what he has been doing recently. After the signature, Peter writes, "The professor is ill, but you will get a Crick Watson letter as soon as he has read it. Sid wants his manuscript." [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.041, Folder 41.7].

  18-3-53

  Dear Parents,

  Thank you for the postscript.

  I have a plane reservation on April 6^th at 8:00pm for Paris. When are you going to Bruxelles? My plans are a function of yours.

  Mamma, I trust you have not done anything about the seats for the chairs. Therefore would you please make patterns of the canvas seats on thin paper & mail me them preferably by air mail as I expect the chairs to be done this weekend? Depend. I shall inquire in to the cost of making a leather seat. Perhaps too expensive.

  My curtains are wonderful. I am not sure you can see my room. Painters, and a girl will be in it, and the college is closed. 1. You need only send a pattern of half a seat, as they are symetric about the sewn center.

  I met Wyckof yesterday. He gave a dull talk on the technique of carving & freezing sections.

  XXXX

  Much love OOOO

  Peter

  The professor is ill, but you will get a Crick Watson letter as soon as he has read it. Sid wants his manuscript.

  love.

• Letter from Theodore McClintock, W.H. Freeman and Company, to LP RE: Details various aspects of the second edition of General Chemistry that must be edited. Gives twelve numbered corrections to be made. [Reply from LP to McClintock March 23, 1953]. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].

• AHP writes cheque to: Manor Market amount: $100.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Itinerary: ACS meetings in Los Angeles [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.001 Folder 1.10]
• LP writes cheque to: Beatrice J. Wulf amount: $100.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from F. Douglas Lawrason, National Research Council, to LP RE: Travel vouchers are being sent to LP in order to reimburse him for his trip to Washington. Also discusses LP's conference on Oxypolygelatin. [Filed under LP Science: 14.028, Folder 28.1].
• Letter from LP to Dr. E.M. Weber, Pfizer RE: Pleased that interest was shown in the protein conference, but replies that abstracts of the conference are not available. Includes reprints of faculty's papers on the subject of protein structure. [Letter from Weber to LP March 3, 1953, letter from LP to Weber February 6, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. F. Hilton RE: is getting ready for a trip away from Pasadena and is participating in a meeting of the American Chemical Society in L.A. and therefore is not able to prepare a proper discussion of the question raised in Dr. Hilton's last note. Goes on to discuss the benzene ring as it relates to quantum mechanical theory and Lapworth's theory. [Note from Dr. Hilton to LP March 14, 1953] [Filed under H: Correspondence 1953, Box #166, Folder #4]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Walter S. Vincent RE: answers Dr. Vincent's letter by sending copies of the papers on the structure of nucleic acids as he requested. Goes on to describe his future plans of work on the same topic. [Letter from Dr. Vincent to LP March 13, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #427, Folder #13].
• Letter from LP to Prof. Holger Hyden of the Histologiska Institutionen, Sweden RE: sends some reprints on the structure of proteins, nucleic acids, etc. Is unable to summarize it as there is too much info. May see him when he visits Stockholm for the International Congress in July and August. [Filed under H: Correspondence 1953, Box #166, Folder #4]
• Letter from LP to Stanley Schaefer, W.H. Freeman and Company. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1]

  19 March 1953

  Mr. Stanley Schaefer

  16 Arlington Avenue

  Harmon-on-Hudson, N.Y.

  Dear Stanley:

  I have just talked with Bill about the schedule for making the second edition of GENERAL CHEMISTRY.

  One point that I have mentioned is that we have been hoping to have the book for use in our own classes this fall. We are especially interested in having the new chapters, chapters 3 and 8, and this comes in the first term. We shall accordingly be disappointed if the book is not available by 1 October, but of course if the schedule does not permit the book to be published by that time we shall accept it.

  I am planning to be in New York on Thursday 2 April 1953. I am leaving Los Angeles the night before, by the night plane, arriving in the morning in New York, Then I am to leave on BOAC at about 5 P.M., for London. Would it be possible for me to see you Thursday, perhaps Thursday morning? If so, I shall run over from the airport, and spend a couple of hours with you. We could talk over the schedule, and I could answer all of your questions. Perhaps there are some questions about preparing the manuscript for publication that I could answer.

  There might be some inconvenience in my reading proof because of the travelling that I am to do, but I do not think that this needs to be serious. We shall have to be careful to keep my itinerary straight, and to send the proof sheets airmail a couple of days ahead of time, so as to be sure to reach me in the places where I shall be staying. I would just as soon read proof, and in fact make up the index while traveling as at home. My wife will be along with me during the summer - she is not going to Europe with me in April.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Tomoji Tanaka RE: writes that he has read the material that Mr. Tanaka sent him, and he does not really understand it. Says that he believes that the existing theory of atomic spectra seems to him to be satisfactory and does not need correction. [sent Mr. Tanaka's manuscript back to him] [previous letters from Tomoji Tanaka to LP March 8, 1953, March 20, 1953, letters and manuscripts of response from Tomoji Tanaka to LP April 8, 1953, April 30, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18].
• Letter from W.H. Taylor of Cavendish Laboratory to LP RE: enquires about what programs are going on at Caltech so as to not perform any research overlaps in their own laboratory. Mentions their current work on the structure of complex alloy phases. [Letter from LP to Dr. W. H. Taylor March 30, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #405, Folder #8, file: (Taylor, W. H.)].

• Letter from Jerry Donohue, Cavendish Laboratory, to LP. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.31]

  March 20, 1953

  Dear Dr. Pauling

  I enclose a copy of the helical paper. You will note that I now include the α_II ribbon among the possible structures. I found the version in the paper in a very curious way: I set out to prove analytically that it couldn't be built, and as I rotated the two residues the hydrogen bond gradually became "satisfactory!" I hope we have time to discuss this when you are here next month, unless you wish to send it off to the PNAS straight away.

  Watson and Crick have constructed a very ingenious nucleic acid structure which they have written (but not sent) a letter to Nature about. They will send you a copy at the beginning of next week, as Bragg is now ill with flu, and they feel he should see it before they send it anywhere. I have become (actively) interested in this problem myself, although I find I lack the necessary background, a situation which I am now remedying.

  Have you heard any more about the grant for the nucleic acid program that you mentioned in your letter to me on December 23, as I should certainly appreciate the "definite offer" you wrote of, as I do not have any other firm prospects at the moment.

  The EDSAC is at present being overhauled. When that job is finished I hope to be able to run off the three Pattersons on sheep Hb, as the experimental part is finished. I do not think this will be done until the end of next month, though.

  Sincerely,

  Jerry

  P. S. The reason that the CS₂S₆ structure in the February Acta still shows the alternating S-S distances is that the parameters differ from those in the MIT report you had. They differ in such a way as to preserve the alternation when the correct conversion from triclinic to orthogonal coordinates is made.

• Letter from LP [signed in his absence by Beatrice Wulf] to Mr. Cyril Craig RE: Writes that he doubts that the ideas about photosynthesis that Mr. Craig suggested in his letter are really correct and sets about to describe why. [Letter from Mr. Craig to LP March 14, 1953] [Filed under C: Correspondence 1953, Box #74, Folder #21].
• Letter from LP to Dean Watson RE: Does not wish to accept Dr. I. E. Keszler as a post-doctoral fellow on the basis that she wishes to work out practical problems and not basic research. [Letter from LP to Dean Watson March 13, 1953, Memo from L. Zechmeister to LP. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.030, Folder 30.8]
• Letter from Percy L. Julian to LP RE: Responds to LP's invitation to Caltech's upcoming conference on protein structure. Wishes to send Dr. Sidney J. Circle in his place, and Julian will likely be unable to attend. Also wishes to know more about Caltech's industrial associates. [LP invitation to Percy L. Julian February 9, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from Professor F.H. van den Dungen to LP, RE: [In French] Van den Dungen will transfer the travel funds from Pan American to the British Overseas Airline Company. Van den Dungen provides LP with details of the times for the lecture and for the banquet. [LP’s letter March 12, 1953] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.4]
• Letter from Theodore McClintock, W.H. Freeman and Company, to LP RE: inquiring about the usage of various units and "molal" vs "Molar" usage in LP's manuscript for the revised edition of General Chemistry. [Reply from LP to McClintock March 27, 1953].
• Letter from Tomoji Tanaka to LP RE: sends a copy of the same letter he sent March 8, 1953, with the assumption that his first letter did not reach LP. [previous letter from Tomoji Tanaka to LP March 8, 1953, letter of response from LP to Mr. Tanaka March 19, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18].
• Letter from [?] to LP RE: news clipping entitled "News Guild Lists Page One Awards." Lists LP as outstanding in Science due to his research in the structure of protein molecules. [Note in pen at top: "Dir. Mail to D. Pauling, N.Y. Times: March 20. 1953"].

• AHP writes cheque to: Susie Perry [Boormans Market] amount: $21.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from James Watson and Francis Crick to LP. [Reply from LP to Watson and Crick February 27, 1953]. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.32].

  March 21 1953

  Dear Dr. Pauling

  We intended to write to you about our DNA structure before this, but one of us (J.W.) has been away in Paris and we have also been delayed because Professor Bragg has been down with flu. We enclose a draft of a letter to Nature which gives the essential features of our structure. We have a model of it and have derived co-ordinates; all of the Van der Waals distances are acceptable.

  We felt we could hardly omit any mention of your structure nor did we feel it reasonable to supress our doubts about it. Without your permission we could not mention that you have modified it. However we can always qualify our remarks in proof.

  It is planned that the Kings College workers will publish some of their experimental data at the same time as our letter. Wilkins tells us that he intends to send you a copy of their communication in advance of publication as soon as it is in final draft.

  We are looking forward very much to your visit and the opportunity for a full discussion about DNA. Would you mind treating this as confidential for a few days as Professor Bragg has still not been able to hear about it.

  Yours Sincerely

  Jim Watson

  Francis Crick

• Night Letter from LP to Henry Thomas, RE: LP asks that Thomas arrange LP’s schedule such that he will be able to attend a meeting in New York on the evening of the 17th. LP is to receive an award at that meeting. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.5]
• Night Letter from LP to Ten Nelson Newspaper Guild of New York, RE: LP will attend the page one ball on April 17th. LP asks that more information about this event be sent to him. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953)

• Letter from Dr. Lindvall to members of the Caltech faculty RE: Encloses information on academic freedom including an article entitled "Should a Person Ask Immunity?" by Dr. Alexander Forbes, along with the response to this article by Zechariah Chafee, Jr. and Arthur E. Sutherland of the Law School.
• Letter from H.G. Turley to LP, RE: Turley requests that LP send a photograph of himself for publicity purposes. If possible, Turley would also like LP to create a biographical sketch to be included with the photograph. Turley notes that LP’s travel expenses will be funded by the American Leather Chemists Association. [LP’s reply April 3, 1953] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.8]
• Letter from LP [signed in his absence by BW] to Dr. John Michael O'Gorman RE: writes in response to Dr. O'Gorman's request that he has sent the reprints that he asked for. Thanks for the update on the situation with UC. [Note from Dr. O'Gorman to LP February 23, 1953, related letter from LP to Prof. W. Conway Pierce March 23, 1953, note from Dr. O'Gorman to LP July 9, 1953] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1953, Box #300, Folder #15]
• Letter from LP [signed in his absence by BW] to Prof. W. Conway Pierce RE: recommends appointing Dr. John Michael O'Gorman as associate professor of chemistry at the U of California, Riverside. Explains O'Gorman's trouble with UC Santa Barbara and gives him a highly favorable recommendation as well. [related letter from LP to Dr. O'Gorman March 23, 1953, follow-up letter from LP to Prof. Conway Peirce March 30, 1953] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1953, Box #300, Folder #15]
• Letter from LP [signed in his absence by Beatrice Wulf] to Miss Cha Chong Hwa RE: thanks Miss Hwa for the letter and is glad that they are studying general chemistry from his book. Is glad to hear that the Seoul National University is carrying on under the circumstances of war. Unfortunately he has no information to help Miss Hwa find scholarship funds to help her sister study medicine in the U.S. [Letter from Miss Hwa to LP March 8, 1953] [Filed under H: Correspondence 1953, Box #166, Folder #4]
• Letter from LP to A.L. Dounce. [In reply to March 18, 1953 letter from Dounce to LP]. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.30]

  23 March 1953

  Dr. Alexander L. Dounce

  School of Medicine and Dentistry

  The University of Rochester

  Rochester 20, New York

  Dear Dr. Dounce:

  I am glad to have your letter, and to see year reprints, and to answer your questions.

  First, let me say that Professor Corey and I have found it desirable to make a small change in our structure, in a way pointed out by Professor Verner Schomaker. We have rotated the phosphate groups through 45° about their vertical axes. This brings one of the unesterified oxygen atoms out to about 4 A from the axis, and in a position where it might possibly be open to attack by a reagent, as suggested in your theory.

  I do not see (although I have not considered the matter thoroughly) why your mechanism has to be ruled out with a three-chain helix. I agree that in our original structure the two unesterified phosphate oxygen atoms are pretty well protected from attack, but in the new structure one of the oxygen atoms is out in the open, and I should think that the three-chain structure night work just as well as a one-chain structure.

  I do not think that there was any difficulty about replacing the phosphate hydrogens by metals, dye molecules, basic proteins, in the original structure, because it is not necessary that negative charges and positive charges that neutralize them be on atoms that are in contact with one another.

  There is some question as to the cross-sectional area of the DNA molecule. Astbury's estimate was essentially a guess. Our estimate is supported by a large amount of physical chemical data, and by x-ray data. I cannot be sure that the x-ray data require three nucleotide residues per 3.4 A. The data do, however, indicate very strongly that there are at least two residues in this length. I think that the indication for three residues is stronger than for two residues. Probably the x-ray data that have been gathered recently by the people in King's College, London, are good enough to answer this question definitely.

  I do not see any serious difficulty in the attack of enzymes on nucleic adds with our structure.

  Dr. Dounce Page 2 23/3/53

  I should think that little change in the structure of the nucleic acid would occur when it is liberated from the protein to which it is bound.

  I know that many people are working on the structure of nucleic acids now - especially people in England. It seems likely to me that within two or three years the problem will be definitely answered - that is, that the folding of the polynucleotide chains will be known. Perhaps it will turn out that our structure, with the small revision, is right, but perhaps some other structure will be found to be right.

  Sincerely yours,

  Dictated by Linus Pauling

  Signed in his absence:W

• Letter from LP to Henry Woodburn, RE: LP is enclosing a photography and some biographical materials. LP thinks that he will be able to give four lectures on hemoglobin and the structure of proteins. LP offers some titles of his series of talks that he plans as well as some alternatives for if the topic or subject of the lectures changes. [Woodburn’s letter February 19, 1953] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.6]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Pucciarelli RE: writes in answer to Mr. Pucciarelli's enquiry that work on molecular structure has not progressed far enough to be of any value with respect to cancer. [Note from Mr. Pucciarelli to LP March 6, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #313, Folder #1].
• Letter from LP to Theodore McClintock, W.H. Freeman and Company, RE: Discusses proposed corrections to the second edition manuscript of General Chemistry. Most corrections will be looked at when LP is in New York on April 2, 1953. [In reply to March 18, 1953 letter from McClintock to LP]. [Filed under LP Books:1953b].
• Letter from M.L. Anson RE: congratulates LP on a job well done on the "Solvay report." Again asks LP to accept the invitation to write up his story for their "Advances." (Discussing inertial chemistry of proteins and the chemistry of the interactions between chemical groups). [response letter from LP March 30, 1953]. [Filed under A: Correspondence 1953, Box #12.19]
• Letter from Mr. Dewey B. Larson to LP RE: in response to LP's letter, writes that he will proceed with the preparation of a paper on the compressibility of solids. Also wants to develop his liquid volume relationships further. Goes on to discuss his work with the effect of temperature on liquid volume. Explains his use of probability functions. Includes graphs of some of his work comparing volume and pressure between different compounds. [Letter from LP to Mr. Larson March 9, 1953, letter from LP to Mr. Larson March 30, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #212, Folder #12 (Larson, Dewey)].
• Letter from Stanley Schaefer, W.H. Freeman and Company, to LP RE: Discusses design aspects of the second edition of General Chemistry, as well as the meeting time and place in New York. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].
• Memo from LP [signed in his absence by BW] to G. D. McCann RE: discusses the budget for the IBM computing facilities installation during the fiscal year of 1953-54 in relation to the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. [Memo from G. D. McCann to LP March 2, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]
• Note from Dr. John Michael O'Gorman RE: updates LP on the UC Santa Barbara employment issue fight. Requests that LP send all of his reprints to him because the committee at the U.S. Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards has asked for them of him in that they are considering for him a raise and a promotion. [no date written on this note] [Letter from LP to Dr. O'Gorman February 18, 1953, letter from LP to Dr. O'Gorman March 23, 1953] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1953, Box #300, Folder #15]
• Telegram from Henry Thomas to LP, RE: Thomas needs LP to confirm the lecture at New Haven on the 17th of April at 4pm. [LP’s reply March 26, 1953] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.5]

• LP Biographical: Political. Pamphlet, "The Rights and Responsibilities of Universities and their Faculties", Association of American Universities. [Filed under LP Biographical Box 2.039, Folder 39.20]
• Letter from Prof. R. T. Sanderson to LP RE: thanks LP for his letter and for sending the letter for commemorating Jacob Cornog. [Letter from LP to Prof. Sanderson March 11, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Note from Mr. T. Imanishi to LP RE: Goes through a series of further questions for LP regarding metallurgical processes as they pertain to his paper. Asks LP to respond at his convenience. [Letter of response from LP to Mr. T. Imanishi April 3, 1953] [Filed under I: Correspondence 1953, Box #185, Folder #14]
• Note from Ms. Veronica Kempf of Yugoslavia to LP RE: asks LP if he would be so kind as to send some of his children's outgrown clothes to her as her family is in need of them. Was glad to hear about him and his family. [Filed under K: Correspondence 1953, Box #200, Folder #18]
• Note from Prof. H. D. Springall to LP RE: thanks LP for his letter regarding this theory of the alpha helix protein structure. Mentions his own intentions to write a book on proteins. Asks for LP's permission to reproduce some of his drawings of peptide structures. Suggests that they meet while LP is in England. [related letter from Prof. H. D. Springall to LP June 24, 1952, letter from LP to Prof. Springall March 30, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #367, Folder #6: File (Springall, H. D.)].

• Letter from Minoru Tsutsui to LP RE: writes in enquiry about the cumulative examination system at Caltech. Requests copies of cumulative examinations from his department. [Letter of response from BW to Mr. Tsutsui April 20, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18].
• Letter from Theodore McClintock, W.H. Freeman and Company, to LP RE: in reviewing the manuscript for LP's revision of General Chemistry, he has come upon some repetitious phrasing and offers solutions. [Reply from LP to McClintock March 30, 1953]. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].
• Memo from L. Zechmeister, Caltech, to LP RE: Written in German. Discusses Dr. K. Freudenberg's letter, from Heidelberg, that was written on March 20, 1953. [Related letter from LP to Freudenberg April 1, 1953]. [Filed under LP Peace: Box 4.001, Folder 1.3].

• Letter from Henry Woodburn to LP, RE: Woodburn is submitting a tentative itinerary for the Foster Lectures and hopes that LP will find it a pleasure rather than a burden. The topic for the lectures will be hemoglobin. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.6]
• Letter from LP to Henry Thomas, RE: LP confirms that the 4pm lecture on the 17th is satisfactory. [Thomas’ telegram March 23, 1953] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.5]
• Letter from LP to R.W. Asmussen, RE: LP is glad to accept the invitation to attend the symposium on complexes during the week of August 9th through the 14th. LP asks for Asmussen’s advice on a possible topic for him to speak on since he has not done very much in the field of inorganic complexes recently. [Asmussen’s letter March 13, 1953] [Asmussen’s reply May 4, 1953] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.13]
• Letter from LP to Stanley Schaefer, W.H. Freeman and Company, RE: Writes to confirm that he will be at The Players restaurant in New York on April 2, 1953 at 11:30 AM. Also mentions trying to see McClintock on that day. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].
• Letter from Theodore McClintock, W.H. Freeman and Company, to LP RE: Will have all editing material for the second edition of General Chemistry prepared so they can quickly review it on April 2, 1953. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].

• AHP writes cheque to: J. W. Robinson Co. amount: $14.24 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP chairs Ph.D. Oral Examination: Propositions for Defense by Alexander Rich. [9:15 AM, Crellin Conference Room?] [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 1.016, Folder 16.2]
• LP writes cheque to: California Institute of Technology Bookstore amount: $28.99 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Frank T. Quicker Jr. amount: $2.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from LP to James Watson and Francis Crick. [In reply to March 21, 1953 letter from Watson and Crick to LP]. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.32]

  27 March 1953

  Dr. J. D. Watson

  Mr. F.H.C. Crick

  Cavendish Laboratory

  Free School Lane

  Cambridge, England

  Dear Dr. Watson and Mr. Crick:

  I am very glad to have your letter of 21 March, and to see the letter that you are sending off to NATURE.

  I think that it is fine that there are now two proposed structures for nucleic acid and I am looking forward to finding out what the decision will be as to which is incorrect. Without doubt the King's College data will eliminate one or the other.

  We have taken care of the trouble of too small van der Waals contacts in our structure by rotating the phosphate groups. I do not think that the matter of repulsion between the charged phosphates is an important one. I am not saying, however, that I feel strongly that our structure is right, rather than yours.

  With best regards, I am

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.33]

  27 March 1953

  Dear Peter:

  I am glad to have your letter, and to know about your plans.

  I shall arrive on the morning of 3 April, as communicated to you already, and I shall meet you at the terminal in London.

  I do not have any hotel reservations of any sort, nor any definite plans for the visit in England. Will you please make whatever plans are necessary for us.

  I had thought that we would stay in Cambridge throughout the period of our visit. Riley has written that he would be pleased if we could visit him in London. Perhaps it would be worth while to check our bags and spend a part of Friday at the Royal Institution, and then go on to Cambridge or Oxford. It might be good for you to get in touch with Miss Franklin, if you decide that this is a good plan, and arrange for us to see her also. If the Kings College people (Miss Franklin has left Kings College, and is with Bernal at Birkbeck) express an interest in having me visit their place, perhaps this could be worked in on the same day. I am not planning, however, to approach them on the matter.

  I feel that we must spend sometime in Cambridge. If we go up to Cambridge Friday evening, we might stay there until Monday, and then take off for the continent – my plane leaves about 1:30 PM on 6 April, for Brussels. Another possibility is to stay in Cambridge from Friday to Sunday, to shift over to Oxford, in order to see Dorothy, on Sunday, and then to go down to London Monday morning. This means spending a good bit of time traveling, however, that could be better used in talking to people in Cambridge, and I feel that it would be best to plan to visit only London and Cambridge during the three days of my visit.

  I have received a letter from Watson and Crick, describing their structure briefly – a copy of their letter to NATURE is enclosed. The structure seems to me to be a very interesting one, and I have no strong argument against it. I do not think that their arguments against our structure are strong ones, either. It is evident that one structure or the other can be eliminated easily. Their structure places two nucleotide residues in the length 3.4 Å along the axis of the molecule, and ours places three nucleotide residues in this length. Data on the cross-sectional area of the unit of structure of a fiber, the composition of the specimen, and the density of the specimen should decide definitely between these alternatives, and definitely eliminate one of them. These data would not, of course, show the other structure to be correct in its details. In our paper we give an argument, based on data for sodium thymonucleate, to support the assignment of three nucleotide residues to this length of 3.4 Å. However, if the specimen of reasonably dry nucleic acid contained about 30% water (50% on the pure sodium thymonucleate basis) there would be only two residues in this length. Our own measurements, which are only rought ones, favor three residues, but they are not good enough definitely to eliminate the possibility of two residues. I think that the Wilkins photographs should settle the question definitely.

  We are finishing up the job of determining the revised parameters for our structure. It will not be done, however, before I start out on my trip.

  I am just putting the final touches on my paper on a new theory of ferromagnetism. It will appear in the May issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

  Love from

  [Linus Pauling]

• Letter from LP to Prof. G. V. Raynor RE: encloses a copy of his manuscript on the theory of ferromagnetism. Discusses that incompatibility between the resonating-valence-bond theory of metals and the old free-electron theory. [Letter from Prof. Raynor to LP March 17, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #340, Folder #18].
• Letter from LP to Theodore McClintock, W.H. Freeman and Company, RE: Overviews conventions of units and his preferences for usage in the second edition of General Chemistry. [In reply to March 20, 1953 letter from McClintock to LP and March 23, 1953 letter from McClintock to LP]. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].
• Letter from R.V. Bartz to L. Zechmeister cc: LP RE: Reply regarding the release of abstracts and manuscripts prior to publication. States that the matter will be discussed, but [Bartz] doesn't feel that it is wise to do this. [Memo from L. Zechmeister to R.V. Bartz March 9, 1953]. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from Steven H. Fritchman to LP RE: asking if LP would be a sponsor of a conference to discuss the Rosenburg sentencing. Enclosed is a draft of the call to conference. [LP's handwritten note: "Yes, will be sponsor. Away on trip. Do not mention CIT".]
• Letter from W. Albert Noyes, Jr. of the University of Rochester to LP RE: request information from LP about stipends granted to graduates at Caltech, as a means of comparison between British and U.S. Schools. [Letter from LP to Prof. W. Albert Noyes, Jr. December 16, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #279, Folder #5. Noyes, W.A. 1938-1971: file (Noyes, W.A., Jr. 1938-1971)].

• AHP writes cheque to: Peggy M. Stanley amount: $12.50 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Walter Fritts amount: $48.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP Newspaper Clippings: 1953n. Science News Letter article "Fundamental Structure for Protein Materials" discusses some of LP's work on proteins.
• LP writes cheque to: John Edgar amount: $500.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Note from Ronald Mason to LP RE: asks if LP could find a place for him to research carcinogenous crystals at Caltech in the event that he is awarded an Exchange Fellowship from the British Empire Cancer Campaign. [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Ronald Mason April 2, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]

• AHP writes cheque to: American Crystallographic Assoc. amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from LP to Max Perutz. [Filed under LP Science: Box #9.001, Folder #1.36]

  29 March 1953

  Dr. Max F. Perutz

  Cavendish Laboratory

  Cambridge

  England

  Dear Dr. Perutz:

  I am writing to try and clear up a situation that may have caused you some concern.

  Word has reached me that you felt that I had obtained the idea of coiling helixes, in α keratin, from Crick, and had not acknowledged my indebtedness to him.

  I do not believe that you were in Cambridge when I visited there last summer. I had a long session with Crick, Kendrew, and Huxley. There was only brief discussion of α keratin at this time, and, if my memory is correct, only a few sentences were said about the coiled coil, as Crick calls it.

  We discussed the fact that the 5.14-A meridional reflection offered some difficulties of explanation, and that also there seemed to be a discrepancy in the density of α keratin. The discussion was very brief. Then Mr. Crick asked me if I had ever thought of the possibility that the α helixes were twisted about one another. I answered that I had. So far as I can remember, nothing more was said on this point.

  I did not say anything more on the point because, although I knew that the simple idea of a coiled coil could account, at least roughly, for the presence of the 5.15-A meridional reflection, I did not understand as yet how it accounted for the density, and I was not sure that the explanation of the meridional reflection was completely satisfactory. I assume that Crick said no more about the matter for essentially the same reason. Astbury and MacArthur later asked me if I knew how to account for these troublesome features, and I said that I thought that I did, but was not yet sure. I felt reasonably sure only after having completed some calculations of intensities, and having formulated the fundamental idea about the automatic conversion of a straight helix into a compound helix through a repeating sequence of amino acid residues.

  To summarize: I think that the only information about the coiled coil that I obtained from Crick was contained in his question of me, when he asked if I had ever considered twisting the α helixes in α keratin. The idea was not a new one to me then, but it had not yet been well worked out, and it seems to me that the way in which we worked it out, as described in our paper in NATURE, is much different from that discussed by Crick. I hope that if my memory about the discussion in Cambridge is at fault Mr. Crick will let me know.

  If you have any further comments to make on this matter, I should be glad to learn about them.

  I am hoping to see you when I make a brief visit in Cambridge in a few days.

  Sincerely Yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

  cc: Dr. Crick

• AHP writes cheque to: Phelps-Terkel amount: $9.26 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Airline ticket [issued]: British Overseas Airways Corporation: Los Angeles, New York, London, Brussels, and return [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.001, Folder 1.11]
• LP writes cheque to: American Association of Scientific Workers amount: $2.50 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Dr. Claude Block amount: $24.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Franchise Tax Board amount: $282.40 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Peter J. Pauling amount: $125.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Southern Commercial and Savings Bank amount: $201.50 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Town Hall amount: $28.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from E. S. Proskauer of Interscience Publishers, inc., to LP RE: thanks LP for his helpful review of Rutger's book. Asks whether they are permitted to quote LP's remarks on the quality of the text. Sends LP $50.00 for his assistance. [Letter from LP to Mr. Proskauer March 12, 1953, letter of response from LP to Mr. Proskauer April 2, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #313, Folder #1].
• Letter from G. N. Tyson, Jr. to LP RE: says that the "writer" thanks LP for his time and comments. Will meet again to explore their work on structural problems of mutual interest. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18]
• Letter from LP to Dr. L.P. Eisenhart, American Philosophical Society RE: discusses his recent trips to both UCLA and UC Berkeley for their inauguration ceremonies. [Filed under LP Science: 14.011, Folder 11.2].
• Letter from LP to Dr. M. L. Anson RE: Indicates that he will participate in the "discussion of denaturation." However, indicates that he cannot accept Dr. Anson's invitation to write up his material for Dr. Anson's advances. [Letter to LP March 23, 1953] [Filed under A: Correspondence 1953, Box #12.19]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Percy L. Julian RE: Is pleased to learn of the planned attendance of Dr. Circle to the protein conference and the possible attendance of Julian. Replies to question about industrial associates stating that it's against Caltech policy to help work out specific problems for private firms and the Caltech research is fundamental rather than practical. [Letter from LP to Dr. Julian February 6, 1953, Letter from Dr. Julian to LP March 20, 1953]. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Robert Gordon Sproul, President, The University of California, RE: relays that he enjoyed the inauguration ceremonies very much, but would like to make a correction involving the date of the founding of the American Philosophical Society. [Filed under LP Science: 14.011, Folder 11.2].
• Letter from LP to Dr. W.H. Taylor of Cavendish Laboratory. [Letter from Dr. W. H. Taylor to LP March 19, 1953, letter from Mrs. M. A. Kellar, Secretary to Dr. W. H. Taylor April 14, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #405, Folder #8 file: (Taylor, W. H.)].

  30 March 1953

  Dr. W. H. Taylor

  Dear Taylor:

  I am glad to tell you the present state of our program on the structure of complex alloy phages, particularly those involving transition metals.

  I have been interested in the structures of intermetallic compounds ever since 1922, when I determined the structure of Mg₂Sn and attempted to determine the structure of NaCd₂. I have been working away at NaCd₂ ever since, and I suppose that our program might come to an end when this structure is determined - it involves about 1200 atoms in the unit cube. We were successful in finding the structure of Na₂Cd₁₁ - it turned out to have been discovered independently by Samson for Mg₂Zn₁₁. Samson, by the way, will spend the coming year in our laboratory.

  We began moderately intensive work on the structure of complex intermetallic phases six years ago, with the aid of a grant from the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp., which has now expired. At the present time we are working under a grant from the Navy. The work on metals is being carried out largely by Dr. Gunnar Bergman, who has been appointed assistant professor here. He has three graduate students working with him, and one post-doctorate man. I am not doing anything about metals at the moment, except that I have been working on the theory of ferromagnetism, and have just prepared for publication a paper on this subject - it will be in the May issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

  I am hoping that our program of work on intermetallic compounds will continue for some years in the future. We are interested especially in the problem of the nature of the bonds between metal atoms - in particular, in the significance of the metallic valences that I proposed fifteen years ago, and of the relationship between bond number and interatomic distance, the various factors that affect stability of metallic systems, and so on. Our policy has been to investigate these intermetallic compounds that seem to us to promise to provide some information about this general problem. We are interested in alloys of sodium and cadmium, because of my desire to understand the compound NaCd₂, and also in alloys of magnesium and zinc, because of their similarity to the alloys of sodium and cadmium.

  I have asked Professor Bergman to write to you, telling you just what phases are under investigation here at the present time.

  You ask if our work is likely to bring us into the field in a big way in the near future. In answer, I would say that we plan to

  Dr. Taylor 30/3/53

  continue on the same scale as during the past six years. During this period I have devoted a part of my time to considerations of the nature of metals and alloys, and have had, as collaborators, usually two post-doctoral men (at present Professor Bergman and one other man), and one to three graduate students, working toward the doctorate.

  I hope that this answers your question. Please let me know if there is anything else that I can say.

  Let me mention again the matter of the sigma phase. When the grant of $75,000 ($15,000 a year for five years) was originally made to us by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation - they had asked me if there was any field in which I was especially interested, and I answered that I continued to be interested in the problem of the structure of metals - I asked the members of this company if there were some problems in the field of metals and alloys that they were especially interested in. Their answer was that they were interested in the alloys of iron and chromium, silicon, manganese, nickel, vanadium, and in a few other binary systems, and that they had a special interest in the sigma phase. I did not agree to make a special effort to attack the problem of the sigma phase, but in fact we kept it in mind, and began working on this problem rather slowly. Ultimately, of course, investigation of the sigma phase led to the determination of the structure.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Mr. Dewey B. Larson RE: writes in response to Mr. Larson's letter of March 23, 1953. Writes that he believes that Mr. Larson's arguments are reasonable and that it is worthwhile for him to prepare his work for publication. Brings up a specific statement from Mr. Larson's letter (claiming that his theoretical discussion represents a deviation from currently expected theory) that he questions. Mentions that he is attending the Solvay Congress in Brussels in April. [Letter from Mr. Larson to LP March 23, 1953, letter from Mr. Larson to LP May 16, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #212, Folder #12 (Larson, Dewey)].
• Letter from LP to Prof. H. D. Springall RE: gives Prof. H. D. Springall permission to reproduce his drawings for a book on proteins. Hopes to meet up with Prof. Springall when he takes a trip to England. [Letter from Prof. Springall to LP March 24, 1953, letter from Prof. Springall to LP June 11, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #367, Folder #6: File (Springall, H. D.)].
• Letter from LP to Prof. W. Conway Pierce RE: writes again in connection with Dr. John Michael O'Gorman. Corrects some misinformation about what position Dr. O'Gorman held at UCSB. Still recommends him for the position. [previous letter from LP to Prof. Pierce March 23, 1953, letter of response from Prof. Pierce tp LP March 31, 1953] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1953, Box #300, Folder #15]
• Letter from LP to Prof. Wendell M. Stanley of UC Berkeley RE: writes in regard to Dr. John Michael O'Gorman. Corrects some misinformation regarding O'Gorman that he wrote in a previous letter. [related letter from LP to Prof. Conway Pierce March 23, 1953, related letter from LP to Dr. Robert Gordon Sproul, Pres of UC Berkeley March 31, 1953, letter of response from W. M. Stanley to LP April 3, 1953] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1953, Box #300, Folder #15]
• Letter from LP to R.V. Bartz RE: Requests that Bartz send information regarding the industrial associates program to Dr. Julian. [Letter from LP to Dr. Julian March 30, 1953]. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Theodore McClintock, W.H. Freeman and Company, RE: Agrees with McClintock's solution to some repetitive portions of his revised manuscript for General Chemistry. [In reply to letter from McClintock to LP March 25, 1953]. [Filed under LP Books: Box 1953b, Folder 1953b.1].
• Note from Barbara W. Low of University Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Harvard to LP RE: Sends a cartoon to LP that she thinks is outstanding in relation to the Harvard Alumni Bulletin and "Lil Abner." [Letter from LP to Dr. Barbara W. Low May 13, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #218, Folder #3 (Low, Barbara)].
• Pauling Scrapbook: Chemical and Engineering News article entitled "'Hold' and 'Fit' Theories Hold for DDT Structure-Activity" RE: reports the developments in studies of the topography theory of the mechanism of DDT action based on interpretation by LP of modes of enzymatic action. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 6.006, Folder 6.31]

• AHP writes cheque to: Pasadena Red Cross amount: $15.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Airline ticket [issued]: American Airlines: Los Angeles, New York, New Haven, Philadelphia Hotel receipt: Hotel Statler, Buffalo [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.001, Folder 1.11]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Robert Gordon Sproul, Pres of UC Berkeley RE: Informs Dr. Sproul of the situation involving Dr. O'Gorman, recommends that he be reinstated in his position as Assistant Professor, under such conditions as to permit him a reasonable opportunity to justify his promotion, and his permanent appointment. [related letter from LP to Dr. John Michael O'Gorman February 18, 1953, letter of response from Dr. Sproul to LP May 6, 1953] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1953, Box #300, Folder #15]
• Letter from LP to Herbert Harned, RE: LP is looking forward to seeing Mr. And Mrs. Harned while in New Haven. LP suggests that he and AHP arrive by cab to Harned’s house. [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.5]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Abraham Lederman RE: writes that unfortunately by the time he received their letter it was too late for him to send a message of congratulations to Dr. Meiklejohn. [Letter from Mr. Lederman to LP March 11, 1953] [Filed under L: Correspondence 1953, Box #230, Folder #19]
• Letter from Prof. Conway Pierce to LP RE: thanks LP for his two letters. Unfortunately he has already filled the two jobs that were previously available at UC Riverside, and cannot offer them to Dr. John Michael O'Gorman as LP recommended in his letters. [Letter from LP March 30, 1953, related letter from LP to Prof. Wendell M. Stanley March 30, 1953] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1953, Box #300, Folder #15]